Chapters 13-18 (PTAC 1302)

RCRA

"Cradle to grave" is part of which act?

Secondary operational problems

Issues created or responded to during process upset other than the primary problem.

Educational credentials

Job qualifications earned through school study; include a one-year certificate or a two-year AAS degree. Certificates may be level one or level two.

Flowcharts, Pareto chars, run charts, control charts, scatter plots.

List 5 quality tools.

Troubleshooting methods

Means of diagnosing process problems; include educational, instrumental, experiential, and scientific.

Control chart, Fishbone,

Name four charts that work with process variation.

Chemical Equation

Numbers and symbols that represent a description of a chemical reaction.

Equipment failure

Occurrence when equipment has broken, ruptured, or is no longer responding to its design specifications.

a tool used to test and implement changes in a process & reduce variation.

Planned experimentation is:

5

Smoking flares in excess of ______ minutes should be reported.

discarded solid, liquid, or containerized gas.

Solid waste is technically defined as:

Api Gravity

Standard by which to measure the heaviness or density of a hydrocarbon; a specially designed hydrometer marked in units API is used.

Statistical process control

Statistical control methodology applied to a process.

Control chart

Statistical tools used to determine and control process variations.

Potential energy

Stored energy.

Control Loop

System consisting of a collection of instruments that work together to control pressure, temperature, level, flow, and analytical variables. Information from control loops is invaluable in the troubleshooting process.

Atmospheric Pressure

THe combined weight of all the gases exerted on the surface of the earth. At sea level, the total mass is estimated at 5.5 x 10 ^15 tons, or 760 mmHg, or 14.7 psi, or one atmosphere.

Primary operational problem

Term for the first issue that created a process upset.

Fail open/Fail closed

Term used in troubleshooting that describes how a control valve ceases to work(fail): in the open or the closed position.

Kinetic energy

The energy of motion or velocity.

Weight

The force of molecular gravitation.

Density

The heaviness of a substance.

Solute

The material dissolved in a solution.

Quality tools, audits and evaluations, innovation and improvement of services and products.

The principles of quality improvement include all of the following except:

Human health and the environment.

The purpose of the RCRA is to protect:

Mass

The quantity of matter in an object.

Atom

The smallest particle of a chemical element that still retains the properties of the element. An atom is composed of protons and neutrons in a central nucleus surrounded by electrons. Nearly all of an atom's mass is located in the nucleus.

Molecule

The smallest particle that retains the properties of the compound.

Baume Gravity

The standard used by industrial manufacturers to measure to measure nonhydrocarbon heaviness.

Troubleshooting models

Tools used to teach troubleshooting techniques. Basic models include distillation, reaction, and absorption and stripping, or combinations of these three.

Emergency Response

Vapor releases, chemical spills, explosions, fires, equipment failures, hurricanes, high winds, loss of power, and bomb threats fall under which main program?

Statistical process control

What do the initials for SPC stand for?

Air permits

What must be obtained for any project that has the possibility of producing air pollutants?

Cause-and-effect

What's another name for fishbone chart?

SPC

Which chart uses quality methodology to control a process?

Specific gravity

a measurement of the heaviness of a fluid. Specific gravity equals the mass of a substance divided by the mass of an equal volume of water. The specific gravity of gasoline is 6.15lb/gal / 8.33 = .738.

Inertia

A principle that explains a body's ability to resist motion.

Acid

A chemical compound that has a pH value below 7.0, changes blue litmus to red, yields hydrogen ions in water, and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Base

A chemical compound that has a soapy feel and a pH value above 7.0. It turns red litmus paper blue and yields hydroxyl ions.

Hydrocarbons

A class of chemical compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon.

Run chart

A graphical record of a process variable measured over time.

Solution

A homogenous mixture.

pH

A measurement system/scale used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Material balancing

A method for calculating reactant amounts versus product target rates.

Cause-and-effect diagram (Fishbone diagram)

A method for summarizing available knowledge about the cause of process variation.

Resume

A one-page document designed to sum up a job applicant's skills, work history, hobbies, and education.

Flow chart

A picture of the activities that take place in a process.

Community-right-to-know

A principle holding that a community should be aware of the chemicals manufactured or used by local chemical plants and business. Legislation, regulations, and programs based on this principle are intended to involve the community in emergency response plans, improve communication and understanding between industry and the surrounding community, improve local emergency response planning, and identify potential hazards.

CAER

A program designed to inform the community surrounding a plant of potentially hazardous situations and of hazardous chemicals found in the plant, to work with the community to develop emergency response programs, and to open the lines of communication between industry and the community.

Exothermic reaction

A reaction that produces heat or energy.

Endothermic reaction

A reaction that requires external heat or energy to take place.

Compound

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more substances in definite proportions by weight.

Emergency response

Actions taken when an emergency occurs in an industrial environment; follows a specific set of standards. Drills are carefully planned and include preparations for worst-case scenarios.

Barometer

An instrument to measure atmospheric pressure; invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643.

Energy

Anything that causes matter to change and does not have the properties of matter.

Matter

Anything that occupies space and has mass or volume.

Process variables

Changeable conditions that be detected by instruments and that provide clues to what is occurring within the "big picture" of the entire process.

Scatter plot

Chart used to indicated relationships between two variables or pairs of data.

Ion

Electrically charged atom.

Pre employment tests

Examinations administered by potential employers to determine applicants' job qualifications and readiness; examples include the Bennett Mechanical Comprehension Test (BMCT), Test of chemical comprehension; and the California Math Test.

RCRA

Federal law enacted in 1976 to protect human health and the environment. A secondary goal is to conserve natural resources . It attains these goals by regulating all aspects of hazardous waste management, including generation, storage, treatment, and disposal. This concept is referred to as "cradle to grave" management.

Water permit

Government-granted license issued as part of efforts to control water pollution.

Air permits

Government-granted licenses that must be obtained for any project that has the possibility of producing air pollutants.

Process flow diagram

Graphic chart used in troubleshooting to quickly identify the primary flow path and the control instrumentation being used in the process.