Chapters 28-30

The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

The type of renal cystic disease associated with adult liver and pancreatic cysts

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with

Beckwith-Weidman syndrome

Congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed

Duodenal atresia

What would be most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid

Duodenal atresia

Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left real fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks gestation. What is the most likely etiology of these masses

Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease

The herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is

Physiologic herniation

Obstruction at the level of the urteropelvic junction would lead to dilation of the

Renal pelvis and calices

A 22 week gestation fetus with clinodactyly, and echogenic intracardiac focus, and hyperechoic bowel is noted during a screening obstetrical sonogram. These findings are consistent with

Trisomy 21

Most often, _____ is associated with duodenal atresia

Trisomy 21

Webbing of the neck and short stature is found in infertile female patients with a history of

Turner syndrome

An obstruction at the urtervesiculae junction would lead to dilation of the

Ureters and renal collecting system

The fetal stomach should be visualized by

14 weeks

Macroglossia is most often associated with which trisomy

21

The triple screen typically includes

Alpha fetal protein, estriol, and human chorionic gonadotropin

The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines

Ambiguous genitalia

What is the most common type of colonic atresia

Anorectal atresia

The following would be associated with oligohydramnios

Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease, bilateral renal agenesis, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

What would be most likely to be associated with oligohydramnious

Bilateral renal agenesis

Rounded head shape is referred to as

Brachycephaly

Pentalogy of Cantrell includes the following findings

Cardiovascular malformations, diaphragmatic malformations, omphalocele

The earliest fetal karyotyping technique that can be performed is

Chorionic villi sampling

The bending of the fifth digit towards the four digit is called

Clinodactyly

Pyelectasis refers to

Dilation of the renal pelvis

Brachycephaly is associated most often with which of the following syndromes

Down syndrome

The double bubble sign is indicative of

Duodenal atresia

What is the most common renal anomaly

Duplex collecting system

A strawberry shape skull is associated with

Edwards syndrome

The keyhole sign described as sonographic findings of

Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra

The congenital absence of part of the esophagus is termed

Esophageal atresia

Bladder exstrophy describes

External position of the bladder/the bladder being located outside of the pelvis

What organs produce amniotic fluid after 12 weeks

Fetal kidneys

An omphalocele may contain

Fetal liver, ascites, fetal colon

Advanced maternal age is considered to be

Greater than 35 years of age

The most common abnormality of the fetal liver is

Hepatomegaly

A functional bowel disorder with in the fetus that is caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in

Hirschsprung disease

Fusion of the lower part of the kidneys describes

Horshoe kidneys

Which proteins are produced by the developing placenta

Human chorionic gonadotropin, estriol, pregnancy associated plasma protein A

Another name for pelvocalicectasis is

Hydronephrosis

The following best describes a choledochocyst

It is the cystic dilation of the common bile duct

What laboratory findings would be consistent with trisomy 21

Low estriol, low AFP, high hCG, low PAPP-A

A structural abnormality that results from an abnormal development describes

Malformation

Which of the following laboratory values would be significant in detection of an abdominal wall defect

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease, and polydactyly is

Meckel-Gruber syndrome

Fetal stool is termed

Meconium

The term for enlargement of the urinary bladder

Megacystis

The term for small eyes is

Microphthalmia

The following are associated with omphalocele

Multiple chromosomal abnormality's, elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, periumbilical mass

The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the

Neuroblastoma

Cloacal exstrophy is associated with the following

Omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida

Having more than the normal number of digits is

Polydactyly

An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed

Polyhydramnios

Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with

Polyhydramnios

Failure of the canister form is called

Renal agenesis

The lying down adrenal sign described as sonographic findings of

Renal agenesis

A large space between the first and second toe is termed

Sandal gap

Webbed fingers or toes are termed

Syndactyly

A fetus with the Karyotype revealing it has 69 chromosomes and sonographic findings of the webbed fingers and intrauterine growth restriction most likely has

Triploidy

A molar pregnancy, omphalocele, and small, low-set years are found most often in

Triploidy

Cleft lip, hypotelorism, and micropthalmia are all sonographic features of

Trisomy 13

Cyclopia would most likely be associated with

Trisomy 13

Bilateral choroid plexus cyst, micrognathia, and rocker bottom feet are sonographic findings of a 27 week fetus with an omphalocele. These findings are most consistent with

Trisomy 18

The following are associated with omphalocele

Trisomy 18, pentalogy of Cantrell, intrauterine growth restriction

The following are associated with duodenal atresia

Trisomy 21, esophageal atresia, VACTERL syndrome

Absent nasal bones in an increase nuchal fold measurement is most consistent with the sonographic markers for

Trisomy 21/down syndrome

Monosomy X refers to

Turner syndrome

Nonimmune hydrops and ovarian dysgenesis are found in fetuses affected by

Turner syndrome

The keyhole sign would be seen in all of the following

Urethral atresia, prune belly syndrome, posterior urethral valves

Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as

A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age

Which of the following best describes hypospadias

An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis

Prune belly syndrome is caused by

An enlarged bladder and weakened abdominal muscles

The congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of anal opening is termed

Anorectal atresia

Which is the following would be least likely to be associated with an elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein

Anorectal atresia

What is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Placental tissue is obtained with what procedure

Chorionic villi sampling

OEIS Complex is also referred to as

Cloacal exstrophy

The maternal serum screening of a mother with the fetus with trisomy 18 will reveal

Decreased human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol

A 38-year-old pregnant woman presents to the sonography department for an obstetrical sonogram within an abnormal maternal serum screening. Her alpha-fetoprotein and estriol are low, while her human chorionic gonadotropin is elevated. This laboratory findings are consistent with

Down syndrome

Widened pelvic angles and do a duodenal atresia are most consistent with the sonographic markers for

Down syndrome

The following are associated with esophageal atresia

Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, VACTERL syndrome

The following are associated with gastroschisis

Normal cord insertion, elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, periumbilical mass

Fusion of the orbits and holoprosencephaly are associated with

Patau syndrome

Before nine weeks, the fetal kidneys are located within the

Pelvis

The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the

Pelvis

An omphalocele is associated with the following

Pentalogy of Cantrell, trisomy 18, patau syndrome

Gastroschisis occurs more often and what location

Right lateral of the cord insertion

You identify a fetus with fusion of the thalami and a monoventricle. Which chromosomal abnormality would be most likely

Trisomy 13

Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy

Unilateral renal agenesis

The lying down adrenal sign would be seen in the following situations

Unilateral renal agenesis, bilateral renal agenesis, Potter syndrome