Chapters 28-30
The renal cystic disease that results in the development of cysts late in adulthood is
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
The type of renal cystic disease associated with adult liver and pancreatic cysts
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Hepatomegaly would be seen in conjunction with
Beckwith-Weidman syndrome
Congenital maldevelopment of the proximal portion of the small intestine is termed
Duodenal atresia
What would be most likely associated with an excessive amount of amniotic fluid
Duodenal atresia
Numerous noncommunicating anechoic masses are noted within the left real fossa of a fetus at 20 weeks gestation. What is the most likely etiology of these masses
Multicystic dysplastic kidney disease
The herniation of the bowel into the base of the umbilical cord before 12 weeks is
Physiologic herniation
Obstruction at the level of the urteropelvic junction would lead to dilation of the
Renal pelvis and calices
A 22 week gestation fetus with clinodactyly, and echogenic intracardiac focus, and hyperechoic bowel is noted during a screening obstetrical sonogram. These findings are consistent with
Trisomy 21
Most often, _____ is associated with duodenal atresia
Trisomy 21
Webbing of the neck and short stature is found in infertile female patients with a history of
Turner syndrome
An obstruction at the urtervesiculae junction would lead to dilation of the
Ureters and renal collecting system
The fetal stomach should be visualized by
14 weeks
Macroglossia is most often associated with which trisomy
21
The triple screen typically includes
Alpha fetal protein, estriol, and human chorionic gonadotropin
The birth defect in which the sex of the fetus cannot be determined defines
Ambiguous genitalia
What is the most common type of colonic atresia
Anorectal atresia
The following would be associated with oligohydramnios
Bilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney disease, bilateral renal agenesis, autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
What would be most likely to be associated with oligohydramnious
Bilateral renal agenesis
Rounded head shape is referred to as
Brachycephaly
Pentalogy of Cantrell includes the following findings
Cardiovascular malformations, diaphragmatic malformations, omphalocele
The earliest fetal karyotyping technique that can be performed is
Chorionic villi sampling
The bending of the fifth digit towards the four digit is called
Clinodactyly
Pyelectasis refers to
Dilation of the renal pelvis
Brachycephaly is associated most often with which of the following syndromes
Down syndrome
The double bubble sign is indicative of
Duodenal atresia
What is the most common renal anomaly
Duplex collecting system
A strawberry shape skull is associated with
Edwards syndrome
The keyhole sign described as sonographic findings of
Enlarged bladder and dilated urethra
The congenital absence of part of the esophagus is termed
Esophageal atresia
Bladder exstrophy describes
External position of the bladder/the bladder being located outside of the pelvis
What organs produce amniotic fluid after 12 weeks
Fetal kidneys
An omphalocele may contain
Fetal liver, ascites, fetal colon
Advanced maternal age is considered to be
Greater than 35 years of age
The most common abnormality of the fetal liver is
Hepatomegaly
A functional bowel disorder with in the fetus that is caused by the absence of intestinal nerves is found in
Hirschsprung disease
Fusion of the lower part of the kidneys describes
Horshoe kidneys
Which proteins are produced by the developing placenta
Human chorionic gonadotropin, estriol, pregnancy associated plasma protein A
Another name for pelvocalicectasis is
Hydronephrosis
The following best describes a choledochocyst
It is the cystic dilation of the common bile duct
What laboratory findings would be consistent with trisomy 21
Low estriol, low AFP, high hCG, low PAPP-A
A structural abnormality that results from an abnormal development describes
Malformation
Which of the following laboratory values would be significant in detection of an abdominal wall defect
Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
The syndrome associated with an occipital cephalocele, cystic renal disease, and polydactyly is
Meckel-Gruber syndrome
Fetal stool is termed
Meconium
The term for enlargement of the urinary bladder
Megacystis
The term for small eyes is
Microphthalmia
The following are associated with omphalocele
Multiple chromosomal abnormality's, elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, periumbilical mass
The most common malignant adrenal pediatric tumor is the
Neuroblastoma
Cloacal exstrophy is associated with the following
Omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spina bifida
Having more than the normal number of digits is
Polydactyly
An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is termed
Polyhydramnios
Duodenal atresia and esophageal atresia are associated with
Polyhydramnios
Failure of the canister form is called
Renal agenesis
The lying down adrenal sign described as sonographic findings of
Renal agenesis
A large space between the first and second toe is termed
Sandal gap
Webbed fingers or toes are termed
Syndactyly
A fetus with the Karyotype revealing it has 69 chromosomes and sonographic findings of the webbed fingers and intrauterine growth restriction most likely has
Triploidy
A molar pregnancy, omphalocele, and small, low-set years are found most often in
Triploidy
Cleft lip, hypotelorism, and micropthalmia are all sonographic features of
Trisomy 13
Cyclopia would most likely be associated with
Trisomy 13
Bilateral choroid plexus cyst, micrognathia, and rocker bottom feet are sonographic findings of a 27 week fetus with an omphalocele. These findings are most consistent with
Trisomy 18
The following are associated with omphalocele
Trisomy 18, pentalogy of Cantrell, intrauterine growth restriction
The following are associated with duodenal atresia
Trisomy 21, esophageal atresia, VACTERL syndrome
Absent nasal bones in an increase nuchal fold measurement is most consistent with the sonographic markers for
Trisomy 21/down syndrome
Monosomy X refers to
Turner syndrome
Nonimmune hydrops and ovarian dysgenesis are found in fetuses affected by
Turner syndrome
The keyhole sign would be seen in all of the following
Urethral atresia, prune belly syndrome, posterior urethral valves
Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as
A fetus that falls below the 10th percentile for gestational age
Which of the following best describes hypospadias
An abnormal ventral curvature of the penis
Prune belly syndrome is caused by
An enlarged bladder and weakened abdominal muscles
The congenital maldevelopment of the rectum and absence of anal opening is termed
Anorectal atresia
Which is the following would be least likely to be associated with an elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
Anorectal atresia
What is associated with enlarged echogenic kidneys and microscopic renal cysts
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Placental tissue is obtained with what procedure
Chorionic villi sampling
OEIS Complex is also referred to as
Cloacal exstrophy
The maternal serum screening of a mother with the fetus with trisomy 18 will reveal
Decreased human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, and estriol
A 38-year-old pregnant woman presents to the sonography department for an obstetrical sonogram within an abnormal maternal serum screening. Her alpha-fetoprotein and estriol are low, while her human chorionic gonadotropin is elevated. This laboratory findings are consistent with
Down syndrome
Widened pelvic angles and do a duodenal atresia are most consistent with the sonographic markers for
Down syndrome
The following are associated with esophageal atresia
Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, VACTERL syndrome
The following are associated with gastroschisis
Normal cord insertion, elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, periumbilical mass
Fusion of the orbits and holoprosencephaly are associated with
Patau syndrome
Before nine weeks, the fetal kidneys are located within the
Pelvis
The most common location of an ectopic kidney is within the
Pelvis
An omphalocele is associated with the following
Pentalogy of Cantrell, trisomy 18, patau syndrome
Gastroschisis occurs more often and what location
Right lateral of the cord insertion
You identify a fetus with fusion of the thalami and a monoventricle. Which chromosomal abnormality would be most likely
Trisomy 13
Which of the following would result in compensatory hypertrophy
Unilateral renal agenesis
The lying down adrenal sign would be seen in the following situations
Unilateral renal agenesis, bilateral renal agenesis, Potter syndrome