Chem 1010 Chapter 2

Determine the volume occupied by 1.5 g of ethyl alcohol. The density of ethyl alcohol is 0.789 g/mL. 0.53 mL 1.3 mL 1.331 mL Correct! 1.9 mL 0.526 mL

1.9 mL

A post-1982 penny is made with zinc, but its density is actually greater than that of zinc because ________. (A) it is coated with a thin layer of copper, which is more dense than zinc (B) it is compressed to a smaller volume in the manufacturing process (C) it has more mass for the same volume Correct! (D) Both A and C are correct

(D) Both A and C are correct

Which is more apparent to us: potential or kinetic energy? Potential energy is more evident than kinetic energy because it involves motion. Kinetic energy is more evident than potential energy because it is created from potential energy. Potential energy is more evident than kinetic energy because it required work in order to gain that potential energy. Correct! Kinetic energy is more evident than potential energy because it involves motion.

Kinetic energy is more evident than potential energy because it involves motion.

How would you describe the volume of the following object? the amount of water in a swimming pool microscopic Correct! macroscopic all of the above submicroscopic

macroscopic

Which of the following temperatures is not possible? You Answered -272°C 25 K 0°C Correct Answer -200 K

-200 K

Determine the volume in liters of a 1.00 ounce bottle.(1.06 qt = 1 L; 32 ounces = 1 qt) Correct! 0.0295 L 0.03125 L 30.2 L 33.9 L 0.03313 L

0.0295 L

Which of these numbers has four significant figures? 6.02 × 1023 Correct Answer 0.3211 0.0103 You Answered 5100 0.201

0.3211

Which of these numbers has four significant figures? Correct! 0.3211 6.02 × 1023 0.201 0.0103 5100

0.3211

Which of these numbers has the most significant figures? 51. Correct! 0.5071 10.3 6.02 × 1023 0.201

0.5071

Which of these numbers has the most significant figures? Correct! 0.5071 0.201 10.3 6.02 × 1023 51.

0.5071

Which of the following is the least amount of energy? 1.0 Calorie Correct! 1.0 joule 1.0 kilojoule 1.0 kilocalorie

1.0 joule

Which of the following is the least amount of energy? 1.0 kilocalorie Correct! 1.0 joule 1.0 Calorie 1.0 kilojoule

1.0 joule

Solve the problem. 33.5 ÷ 3.011 1.112587 × 101 1.113 × 101 1.11 × 102 1.11 × 103 Correct Answer 1.11 × 101

1.11 × 101

Solve the problem. 131.7 × 1.05 1.3 × 10−3 1.3 × 103 Correct! 1.38 × 102 1.38 × 103 1.3 × 103

1.38 × 102

Solve the problem. 131.7 × 1.05 Correct! 1.38 × 102 1.3 × 103 1.38 × 103 1.3 × 10−3 1.3 × 103

1.38 × 102

Which of these represents the SI prefix for mega (M)? 10−6 103 Correct! 106 109 10−2

106

Which of these represents the SI prefix for centi (c)? Correct! 10−2 10−6 106 10−1 10−3

10−2

Which of these represents the SI prefix for micro (μ)? 10−3 Correct! 10−6 10−9 10−2 106

10−6

An irregular shaped piece of metal with a mass of 220 g was placed in a graduated cylinder that contained 35.00 mL of water. This raised the water level to 52.50 mL. What is the density of the metal? Correct! 12.6 g/mL 17.5 g/mL 4.19 g/mL 0.285 g/mL 38.5 g/mL

12.6 g/mL

Solve the following equation for x: 13x = x + 156 1 12 7 Correct! 13 20

13

Solve the following equation for z. 4z ÷ 2 + 3 = 30 10 2 Correct! 13.5 6.25 11

13.5

Solve the following equation for z. 4z ÷ 2 + 3 = 30 6.25 11 10 2 Correct! 13.5

13.5

Calculate the density with the correct number of significant figures of a 1.00 x 102 g sample of mercury which occupies a volume of 7.36 cm3. 0.073 g/mL 183 g/mL 13.66 g/mL 0.0732 g/mL Correct! 13.6 g/mL

13.6 g/mL

Calculate the density with the correct number of significant figures of a 50.0 g sample of mercury with a volume of 3.66 mL. 13.66 g/mL 0.0732 g/mL Correct! 13.7 g/mL 183 g/mL 0.073 g/mL

13.7 g/mL

Calculate the density with the correct number of significant figures of a 50.0 g sample of mercury with a volume of 3.66 mL. 183 g/mL Correct! 13.7 g/mL 13.66 g/mL 0.073 g/mL 0.0732 g/mL

13.7 g/mL

A 5 foot 7 inch track athlete weighs 110 pounds. What his her height in cm and her weight in kilograms? (2.54 cm = 1 inch; 454 g = 1 pound) 152 cm 49.9 kg 14.5 cm 242 kg 154 cm 242 kg 152 cm 4.99 × 104 kg Correct! 170 cm 49.9 kg

170 cm 49.9 kg

What volume of water would a 52.3-gram sample of pure gold displace? (Assume the density of pure gold equals 19.3 g/mL) The density of water should be given in order to make this calculation possible. 52.3 mL Correct! 2.71 mL 36.9 mL

2.71 mL

How many calories are there in a candy bar containing 230 Calories? 2300 calories Correct! 230,000 calories 23,000 calories 230 calories

230,000 calories

Which of these samples of aluminum will occupy the greatest volume?(Density of aluminum = 2.70 g/cm3; 454 g = 1 pound) 5 × 10−2 L 10,000 g 2,000 mL 1 kg Correct! 25 pounds

25 pounds

Which of these samples of water will have the greatest mass?(Density of water = 1.00 g/cm3; 454 g = 1 pound) 5 × 10−2 L 1 kg Correct! 25 pounds 10,000 g 2,000 mL

25 pounds

Determine the mass in grams of a gold sample which occupies a volume of16.39 mL? Gold has a density of 19.3 g/mL. 1.18 g 0.118 g 0.849 g 0.316 g Correct! 316 g

316 g

An irregular shaped piece of metal with a mass of 105 g was placed in a graduated cylinder that contained 25.00 mL of water. This raised the water level to 45.35 mL. What is the density of the metal? 20.35 g/mL 0.238 g/mL 4.2 g/mL 2.3 g/mL Correct! 5.16 g/mL

5.16 g/mL

How many milliliters are there in a container with a volume of 5 L? 200 mL 5 mL Correct! 5000 mL It depends on the pressure

5000 mL

Chloroform is a commonly used anesthetic with a density of 1.483 g/mL. Determine the volume of chloroform needed to deliver a 9.37 g sample of the anesthetic. Correct! 6.32 mL 0.0632 mL 0.158 mL 13.9 mL 13.89 mL

6.32 mL

If 15.0 mL of a metal has a mass of 103.0 g, what is the density of the metal? 1550 g/ mL None of these. Correct! 6.87 g/mL 0.146 g/mL 1.46 g/mL

6.87 g/mL

The gravity of the moon is 1/6 that of Earth's. If your mass is 65 kilograms on Earth, what is your mass on the moon? 390 kg 10.8 kg 6.5 kg Correct! 65 kg 39.0 kg

65 kg

Chemical waste is often shipped in 55-gallon drums. What is the weight in pounds of a 55-gallon drum if the density of the waste is 1.5942 g/cm3? (454 g = 1 pound; 0.9463 L = 1 quart; 4 quarts = 1 gallon) 130 lbs 4.5 × 104 lbs Correct! 730 lbs 810 lbs 5.9 × 104 lbs

730 lbs

How many kilograms of calcium are there in a 173. pounds of calcium?(1 pound = 454. grams) 1.1 × 102 kg 7.85 × 104 kg 3.8 × 104 kg Correct! 78.54 kg 1.1 kg

78.54 kg

How many joules are there in a candy bar containing 230,000 calories? 55,000 joules 460,000 joules 230,000 joules Correct! 960,000 joules

960,000 joules

Which of the following is generally true regarding the relationships of the density of an object and its massiveness? None of the above is true. The relationship between density and massiveness depends on the physical state of the object only. There is no scientific relationship between density and massiveness.

A denser object is not necessarily always more massive.

Why do aerosol cans explode if heated? Correct! An increase in temperature will increase the pressure inside the aerosol can. When the pressure inside the can exceeds the pressure limit of the can, it explodes. The cans are pressurized with a volatile and flammable liquid. If the can is heated, the flammable liquid combusts and explodes. In general, aerosol cans don't really explode when heated. This warning only applies to aerosol cans containing dangerous flammable chemicals. The lining of the aerosol can is composed of a flammable organic substance. If heated, the lining will ignite and explode the can.

An increase in temperature will increase the pressure inside the aerosol can. When the pressure inside the can exceeds the pressure limit of the can, it explodes.

Alcohol wiped across a table top rapidly disappears. Which of the following is true? The alcohol and table top undergo a chemical reaction producing a fragrant vapor. Correct! As the alcohol evaporates it soaks up energy from the table top which is thus cooled. Alcohol is an organic substance composed of continuous matter without empty space and is immediately annihilated when it comes into contact with the table top. The alcohol is absorbed by the table top in a reaction that releases heat.

As the alcohol evaporates it soaks up energy from the table top which is thus cooled.

Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. Why is humidity always very low inside your kitchen freezer? Correct! At the cold temperatures of your kitchen freezer, water molecules in the vapor phase are moving relatively slowly, which makes it easier for them to stick to inner surfaces within the freezer or to other water molecules. The kitchen freezer is most often sealed off from the atmosphere. It is not possible for water to be in the gaseous phase at temperatures below 0°C. The frost in the freezer absorbs this moisture.

At the cold temperatures of your kitchen freezer, water molecules in the vapor phase are moving relatively slowly, which makes it easier for them to stick to inner surfaces within the freezer or to other water molecules.

Gas particles travel at speeds of up to 500 meters per second. Why, then, does it take so long for gas molecules to travel the length of a room? Strong attractive forces between the gas particles keep the individual particles from high speed escape. Gas particles travel in circular motion expanding outward as the move. It doesn't. The fact is that a high concentration of them is required in order for them to be detected. Correct! Gas particles bump into each other as well as other particles in the air.

Gas particles bump into each other as well as other particles in the air.

What determines the direction of heat flow? The direction of heat flow is not predictable in any given process. Heat always flows from a lower-temperature substance into a higher-temperature substance. Heat flow direction depends upon the density of the substances involved. Correct! Heat always flows from a higher-temperature substance into a lower-temperature substance.

Heat always flows from a higher-temperature substance into a lower-temperature substance.

When water freezes, it expands. What does this say about the density of ice compared with the density of water? The expansion of water when it freezes to ice changes its volume, not its density. Ice is more dense than water because it has more volume for the same mass The density of water and ice are identical since they have exactly the same chemical formula. Correct Answer Ice is less dense than water because it has more volume for the same mass.

Ice is less dense than water because it has more volume for the same mass.

ou take 50 mL of small BB's and combine them with 50 mL of large BB's and you get a total of 90 mL of BB's of mixed size. Which of the following statements best explains this? Since the density of the small BB's is less than that of the large BB's their volumes do not add directly to one another. Correct! Many of the smaller BB's are able to fit within the pockets of space that were empty within the of large BB's. The total volume actually gets larger since mixing the BB's would leave additional air space because of the difference in size of the two BB sets. This is not possible since the Law of Conservation of Volume would be violated.

Many of the smaller BB's are able to fit within the pockets of space that were empty within the of large BB's.

Someone wants to sell you a piece of gold that they say is nearly pure. Before buying the piece, you measure its mass to be 52.3 grams and you find that it displaces 4.16 mL of water. Calculate its density and assess its purity given the fact that pure gold has a density of 19.3 g/mL. The piece of gold is only about 12.6 percent pure. The piece of gold is about 65 percent pure. Correct! Not enough information is given to calculate the purity, but enough information is given to let you know that the piece is far from pure. The piece of gold is only about 8 percent pure.

Not enough information is given to calculate the purity, but enough information is given to let you know that the piece is far from pure.

Someone wants to sell you a piece of gold that they say is nearly pure. Before buying the piece, you measure its mass to be 52.3 grams and you find that it displaces 4.16 mL of water. Calculate its density and assess its purity given the fact that pure gold has a density of 19.3 g/mL. Correct Answer Not enough information is given to calculate the purity, but enough information is given to let you know that the piece is far from pure. The piece of gold is only about 8 percent pure. You Answered The piece of gold is only about 12.6 percent pure. The piece of gold is about 65 percent pure.

Not enough information is given to calculate the purity, but enough information is given to let you know that the piece is far from pure.

In which are the molecules moving faster: a swimming pool of boiling water or a cup of boiling water? The swimming pool of boiling water because it contains more energy. Correct! The average motion of the molecules in each is the same. The cup because the molecules rebound off the container's inner surface more frequently. There is insufficient information given to determine where the molecules move faster.

The average motion of the molecules in each is the same.

Assuming temperature remains constant, what happens to the density of a gas as the gas is compressed into a smaller volume? The density increases because of an increase in mass. Correct! The density of the gas increases along with the decreasing volume. The density of the gas decreases along with the decreasing volume. The density of the gas stays the same bec

The density of the gas increases along with the decreasing volume.

The same amount of red colored Kool-Aid crystals are added to a still glass of thick sugar water and a still glass of distilled water. Both are the same temperature. Neither is stirred. Which should become uniform in color first? Correct! The glass of distilled water should become uniform in color first. The glass of thick sugar water should become uniform in color first. Both glasses will become uniform in color at exactly the same time. Without stirring, it is unlikely that either glass will ever become uniform in color.

The glass of distilled water should become uniform in color first.

Red colored Kool-Aid crystals are added to a still glass of hot water. The same amount of crystals are added to a second still glass filled with the same amount of cold water. With no stirring, which of the following would occur? The Kool-aid crystals will never dissolve in either glass until the glasses are stirred. Without stirring, both glasses will reach uniform color in the same amount of time since they both contain identical amounts of water. Correct! The glass of hot water will reach a uniform red color first since the higher kinetic energy provides for faster moving molecules to more quickly distribute the dye. The glass of cold water will reach a uniform red color first since there are no heat convection currents to impede the distribution of the dye.

The glass of hot water will reach a uniform red color first since the higher kinetic energy provides for faster moving molecules to more quickly distribute the dye.

Does a 2 kg solid iron brick have twice as much mass as a 1 kg solid block of wood? Twice as much volume? Correct! The iron brick has twice the mass, but its volume compared to the block of wood depends on the density of the wood. The iron brick has twice the mass, but only half the volume. The iron brick has twice the mass, but its volume compared to the block of wood depends on the weight of the wood. The iron brick has twice the mass as well as twice the volume.

The iron brick has twice the mass, but its volume compared to the block of wood depends on the density of the wood.

Imagine that you can see individual molecules. You watch a small collection of molecules that are moving around slowly while vibrating and bumping against each other. The slower moving molecules then start to line up, but as they do so their vibrations increase. Soon all the molecules are aligned and vibrating about fixed positions. What is happening? The sample is being heated and the material is melting. The sample is being heated and the material is boiling. Correct! The sample is being cooled and the material is freezing. The sample is being cooled and the material is condensing.

The sample is being cooled and the material is freezing.

Which has more total energy: a cup of boiling water at 100°C or a swimming pool of slightly cooler water at 90°C? It is not possible to answer this question without knowing the ambient temperature surrounding each body of water. Correct! The swimming pool at 90°C has more energy. The cup of boiling water at 100°C has more energy. They both have the same amount of energ

The swimming pool at 90°C has more energy.

What physical quantities discussed in this chapter change most when a junked car is neatly crushed into a compact cube? The car's weight and volume change, but not its mass. The car's temperature changes, but not its average density. Correct! The volume of the car changes as well as its average density. The mass of the car changes as well as its volume.

The volume of the car changes as well as its average density.

At a depth of about 10 meters the water pressure on you is equal to the pressure of 1 atmosphere. The total pressure on you is therefore 2 atmospheres—1 atm from the water and a second atm from the air above the water. When an inverted glass full of air below is pushed down to a depth of around 10 meters in depth, what will be the level of the water on the inside of the glass assuming that no air escaped? Correct Answer The water level will have risen to about the halfway mark. The water will fill the glass. The water level will not change. The water level will decrease to about one-half of what is was originally.

The water level will have risen to about the halfway mark.

Why do we use different units for mass and weight? Correct! They are two different quantities. Weight is how heavy something is and mass is how much space it takes up. Actually, mass and weight share the same units. Mass is metric and weight is U.S Customary Standard.

They are two different quantities.

What is the difference between mass and weight? Weight is how much; mass is how much space. Weight and mass are the same everywhere. Mass is how much; weight is how much space. Correct! Weight is the observed effect of gravity on mass.

Weight is the observed effect of gravity on mass.

Which of the following is an example of something best described as having kinetic energy? a candy bar with 230 kilocalories a boulder at the bottom of a cliff a dart stuck into a dart board Correct! a ball falling through the air

a ball falling through the air

Which of the following best describes a liquid? will always expand to fill the full volume of its container. does not have a definite shape or a definite volume a constant shape and a constant volume Correct! a constant volume but its shape is not defined

a constant volume but its shape is not defined

Which would have the most kinetic energy? The same mass of ________. a solid. a cool gas. a hot liquid. Correct! a hot gas.

a hot gas.

Which would have the most kinetic energy? The same mass of ________. a solid. Correct! a hot gas. a hot liquid. a cool gas.

a hot gas.

What is the mass in kilograms of a 130-pound human standing on planet Earth? Correct! about 59 kg about 130 kg about 22 kg about 290 kg

about 59 kg

What is the mass, in kilograms, of a human who weighs 130-pounds on Earth, on the Moon? Correct Answer about 59 kg about 48 kg You Answered about 22 kg about 130 kg

about 59 kg

According to John Dalton, atoms of a given element ________. have different masses are divisible have the same shape Correct! are identical

are identical

With increasing temperature the density of air ________. depends also on pressure stays the same increases Correct! decreases

decreases

Based on experimental evidence, John Dalton postulated that ________. Correct! each element consists of indivisible, minute particles called atoms not all atoms of a given element are identical atoms can be created and destroyed in chemical reactions atoms of different elements have the same masses

each element consists of indivisible, minute particles called atoms

An old remedy for separating a pair of nested drinking glasses stuck together is to run water at one temperature into the inner glass and then run water at a different temperature over the surface of the outer glass. Which water should be hot and which should be cold? Correct! fill the inner glass with cold water while running hot water over the outer glass submerge both glass in a tub of cold water; wait for a while and then transfer to a tub of hot water submerge both glass in a tub of hot water; wait for a while and then transfer to a tub of cold water fill the inner glass with hot water while running cold water over the outer glass

fill the inner glass with cold water while running hot water over the outer glass

Which of the following is something that is best described as having potential energy? a meteorite traveling through the atmosphere wind Correct! food running water

food

Which of the following does not describe mass? how much matter is in a given object kilograms Correct! how much space an object occupies the amount of inertia in a given object

how much space an object occupies

Which of the following does not describe mass? Correct Answer how much space an object occupies kilograms how much matter is in a given object the amount of inertia in a given object

how much space an object occupies

Which is the correct SI unit for mass? pound ounce ton gram Correct! kilogram

kilogram

Which of the following units of measurement could be used to describe density? grams per kilogram feet per gram miles per hour Correct! kilograms per liter

kilograms per liter

If the density of mercury is 13.6 g/mL and the density of lead is 11.3 g/mL, which has the larger volume: 1 g of mercury or 1 g of lead? Volume and mass are not related. mercury Correct Answer lead Both have the same volume.

lead

Which is the correct SI unit for length? feet mile Correct! meter kilometer centimeter

meter

A biological cell is best described as ________. Correct! microscopic submicroscopic macroscopic nanoscopic

microscopic

How would you describe the size of the following object? a blood cell Correct! microscopic macroscopic all of the above submicroscopic

microscopic

Dmitri Mendeleev's chart of elements ________. Correct! placed elements together with similar properties had many defects because of unknown elements was used as a calendar shifted the elements to fill in the gaps

placed elements together with similar properties

Which is the correct SI unit for time? meter minute hour gram Correct! second

second

What happens to the density of air as the temperature is increased? When the pressure is increased? temperature increase causes density to increase; pressure increase causes density to increase Correct! temperature increase causes density to decrease; pressure increase causes density to increase temperature increase causes density to increase; pressure increase causes density to decrease temperature increase causes density to decrease; pressure increase causes density to decrease

temperature increase causes density to decrease; pressure increase causes density to increase

Heat Is a measure of ________. average kinetic energy temperature none of the above Correct! the direction of thermal energy flow

the direction of thermal energy flow

When a liquid evaporates, the vapor expands because ________. the gas particles have less potential energy than the liquid particles the gas particles have more potential energy than the liquid particles the gas particles have less kinetic energy than the liquid particles Correct! the gas particles have more kinetic energy than the liquid particles

the gas particles have more kinetic energy than the liquid particles

When a liquid evaporates, the vapor expands because ________. the gas particles have more potential energy than the liquid particles the gas particles have less kinetic energy than the liquid particles Correct! the gas particles have more kinetic energy than the liquid particles the gas particles have less potential energy than the liquid particles

the gas particles have more kinetic energy than the liquid particles

Dalton's atomic model gained credibility because ________. atoms are too small to be seen, so no one could prove him wrong Correct! the model worked to explain much about known chemical reactions people could make gold from common metals

the model worked to explain much about known chemical reactions

Dalton's atomic model gained credibility because ________. people could make gold from common metals atoms are too small to be seen, so no one could prove him wrong Correct! the model worked to explain much about known chemical reactions

the model worked to explain much about known chemical reactions

The phase in which atoms and molecules no longer move through space is ________. the gas phase the liquid phase Correct! the solid phase

the solid phase

When you suck through a soda straw into a drink, what causes the drink to rise into your mouth? Actually, neither the muscles of your lungs nor the weight of the atmosphere is the reason for the soda's rising into your mouth. That's a hoax perpetrated by the soda companies. a reduction in friction Both factors are equally accountable for the soda's rising into your mouth. Correct! the weight of the atmosphere

the weight of the atmosphere

If you drop a hot rock into a pail of water, the temperature of the rock and the water change until the two are equal. The rock cools and the water warms. Does this hold true if the hot rock is dropped into the Atlantic Ocean? no, because the Atlantic Ocean is so much bigger than a pail of water no, because the Atlantic Ocean also contains dissolved salts Correct! yes, because heat will continue to flow until they have the same temperature yes, because the Atlantic Ocean actually contains more energy than does the pail of water

yes, because heat will continue to flow until they have the same temperature