Chem 104 Test 1 study guide

Which reaction is unsymmetrical addition?

Hydration

What is the formula for a combustion reaction?

Hydrocarbon + O2 --> CO2 + H2O

Which 2 are symmetrical addition reactions?

Hydrogenation and halogenation

Which 2 are unsymmetrical addition reactions?

Hydrohalogenation and hydration

Which of the following is the first rule of the IUPAC method of naming branched chain alkanes?

Identify the longest continuous chain which may or may not be in a straight line and name the chain

Cis-trans isomers

Isomers have the same molecular and structural formulas but have different arrangement of atoms in space between because of restricted rotation around bonds.

Positional isomer

Same carbon arrangement, but different hydrogen arrangement due to placement of double bonds

Structural isomers (constitutional isomers)

Same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Which of the following is a copolymer?

Saran wrap

Benzene

Simplest aromatic hydrocarbon, great solvent; highly carcinogenic; basis for a lot of chemicals we use

Physical properties of alkenes

Soluble in non-polar solvents; insoluble in water; densities lower than water; melting points lower than alkanes with same # of C's

Fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon

Structure contains 2 or more rings fused together

Organic Chemistry

Study of hydrocarbons and their derivatives

Beta-carotene is an example of a what?

Terpenes

What are the two important naturally occurring alkenes?

Terpenes and pheromones

The correct IUPAC name for CH2=CH-CH=CH2 is?

1,3-butadiene

Another name for p-diethylbenzene is?

1,4-diethylbenzene

Another name for p-difluorobenzene is?

1,4-difluorobenzene

Which one of the following is a type of substitution reaction of an alkane?

Halogenation

Alkynes

Have triple bonds

Cycloalkenes

1 or more double bonds in a ring

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

1 or more multiple bonds; has at least one double bond

Alkylation

(Fridedel-Crafts) catalyst - AlCl3

What do alkanes end in?

-ane

What do alkenes end in?

-ene

What do alkynes end in?

-yne

How many total atoms are present in a molecule of benzene?

12

The number of hydrogen atoms in an alkane with 7 carbons is?

16

Copolymer

2 different monomers are present

The classification of carbon atoms are primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary, and contain __, __, __, and __ hydrogen atoms, respectively.

3,2,1,0

The "building block" for terpene compounds is the

5-carbon isoprene unit

Alkenes undergo ____ reactions?

Addition

What category of reaction is the following: H2C=CH2 + H2 --> H3C-CH3?

Addition

What type of alkene reaction produces polymers?

Addition

What are examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons

Which of the following reactions involving benzene require the presence of an AlCl3 catalyst?

Alkylation reaction

Saturated hydrocarbons

All single bonds

Hydrogenation reaction

An addition reaction with H2; requires catalyst

Hydration reaction

An addition reaction with H2O; requires a small amount of H2SO4 as a catalyst

Halogenation reaction

An addition reaction with a halogen

Hydrohalogenation reaction

An addition reaction with a hydrogen halide

Substituent

Atom or group of atoms attached to a chain (or ring) of carbon atoms

Addition reactions

Atoms or groups of atoms are added to each carbon of a double bond

Halogenation Reaction

Between substance and halogen in which one or more halogen atoms are incorporated into molecules group VII A halogens; type of substitution reaction

The addition of bromine (Br2) to ethene gives?

Br-CH2-CH2-Br

Select the correct molecular formula for 1,2-dimethylcyclobutane

C6H12

What is the correct molecular formula for 1,3-heptadiene?

C7H12

What is the molecular formula for methyl benzene (toluene)?

C7H8

Maokovnikov's rule is needed to predict the product in the reaction between HCl and

CH2=CH-CH3

Markovnikov's rule is needed to predict the product in the reaction between HCl and

CH2=CH-CH3

With the catalysts AlCl3 present, which reactant is needed to convert benzene to eythlbenzene?

CH3-CH2-Cl

When alkanes and cycloalkanes undergo combustion when sufficient oxygen is available, what two products are produced?

Carbon dioxide and water

Unsaturated hydrocarbon functional group

Carbon-carbon multiple bonds

What is the formula for alkenes?

CnH2n

What is the molecular formula for alkanes?

CnH2n+2

What is the formula for alkynes?

CnH2n-2

What is the molecular formula for cycloalkenes?

CnH2n-2

Xylene

Common name for isomers of dimethylbenzene; Adding another methyl to a toluene

Pheromones

Compound used by insects and some animals to transmit a message to other members of its insects

Terepenes

Compound with "C" skeleton is composed of 2 or more 5-carbon isoprene structural units

The smallest cycloalkane is?

Cyclopropane

Skeletal isomers (Cis-Trans)

Each carbon atom in the double bond contains the same groups but their position are different

What is used to help ripen fruits?

Ethylene

Which of the following alkynes goes by the common name of acetylene?

Ethyne

Combustion reaction

Exothermic reaction (gives off heat)

The addition of fluorine (F2) to ethene gives

F-CH2-CH2-F

Alkyl group

Group of atoms that would be obtained by removing a hydrogen from an alkane

Which of the following reactants can be used to convert an alkene to an alkane?

H2

The reaction CH2=CH2 + Cl2 --> Cl-CH2-CH2-Cl is called?

Halogenation

Which of the the following is a type of substitution reaction of an alkane?

Halogenation

Which of the following statements about the chemical properties of benzene is correct?

It readily undergoes substitution reactions but not addition reactions

Polymer

Larger molecule formed by the repetitive bonding together of many smaller molecules

Alkanes are the..

Least reactive types of organic molecules

Hydrocarbons

Molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen - may have 1 or more additional elements

Unsaturated polymers

More flexible than saturated polymers

How many carbon atoms are present in the alkane whose IUPAC name is 2,2,4-trimethylhexane?

Nine

Which of the following is a general physical property of alkanes?

Not soluble in water

When naming cycloalkanes, the prefix cis- means __ and trans __ means __?

On the same side; across from

The common feature found in all unsaturated hydrocarbons is?

One or more carbon-carbon multiple bonds

Functional group

Part of a molecule where the reactivity occurs

What is an example of a polymer?

Plastic

Which of the following addition polymers contains only carbon and hydrogen?

Polystyrene

1-butene and 2-butene are examples of?

Positional isomers

What is the the substitution reaction formula?

R-H + X2 --> R-X + H-X

Substitution Reaction

Reaction which part of a small reacting molecule replaces an atom or a group of atoms on a hydrocarbon or derivative.

The distinction between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon relates to?

The number of multiple bonds present in the molecule

Monomer

The smaller molecule in a polymer that repeats

Alkane

They are saturated hydrocarbons

The bonding in benzene differs from that of other unsaturated hydrocarbons in that each carbon atom participates in

Three single bonds and one "delocalized" bond

What is the common name for methylbenzene?

Toluene

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon which does not readily undergo addition reactions

Alkenes

Unsaturated hydrocarbons with one of more double bonds

What are the physical properties of hydrocarbons?

insoluble in water; densities lower than water, and boiling points increase with increase carbon chain length or ring size

What is the common name for the compound 1,2-dichlorbenzene?

o-dichlorobenzene

Napthalene is one type of moth balls. What is the name of the second?

p-dichlorobenzene