CHEM 210-- Chapter 1 Homework
Vanillin (used to flavor vanilla ice cream and other foods) is the substance whose aroma the human nose detects in the smallest amount. The threshold limit is 2.0 × 10−11 g per liter of air. If the current price of 50.0 g of vanillin is $116, determine the cost to supply enough vanillin so that the aroma could be detected in a large aircraft hangar with a volume of 5.45 × 107 ft3.
$0.07
Be sure to answer all parts and enter your answers in scientific notation. Write the numbers represented by the following prefixes: (a) mega−, (b) kilo−, (c) deci−, (d) centi−, (e) milli−, (f) micro−, (g) nano−, (h) pico−. (a) 1 g = ______×10 ______ megagrams (b) 1 g = ______×10 ______ kilograms (c) 1 g = ______× 10 ______ decigrams (d) 1 g = ______×10 _______ centigrams (e) 1 g = ______× 10 _______ milligrams (f) 1 g = ______× 10 _______ micrograms (g) 1 g = ______×10 _______ nanograms (h) 1 g = ______× 10 _______ picograms
(a) 1 g = 1 ×10 -6 megagrams (b) 1 g = 1 ×10 -3 kilograms (c) 1 g = 1 × 10 1 decigrams (d) 1 g = 1 ×10 2 centigrams (e) 1 g = 1 × 10 3 milligrams (f) 1 g = 1 × 10 6 micrograms (g) 1 g = 1 ×10 9 nanograms (h) 1 g = 1 × 10 12 picograms
Be sure to answer all parts. Carry out the following operations as if they were calculations of experimental results and express each answer in standard notation with the correct number of significant figures and with the correct units. Enter both the answer and the units in the answer field. (a) 5.7129 m + 0.6 m + 4.33 m _________ __ (b) 3.70 g − 2.5933 g _________ __ (c) 4.51 cm × 5.0149 cm _________ __
(a) 10.6m (b) 1.11g (c) 22.6cm
Express the following numbers in scientific notation. Make sure you use the correct number of significant figures. (a) 0.000000027 (b) 356 (c) 47,764 (d) 0.096
(a) 2.7 x 10 -8 (b) 3.56 x10 2 (c) 4.7764 x 10 4 (d) 9.6 x 10 -2
Be sure to answer all parts. Determine the number of significant figures in each of the following measurements: (a) 4867 mi (b) 2901 g (c) 0.0000003 cm (d) 4.6 × 1019 atoms
(a) 4 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) 2
Classify each of the following statements as a hypothesis, law, or theory. (a) Beethoven's contribution to music would have been much greater if he had married. hypothesis theory law (b) When a leaf falls, it always heads towards the ground. theory hypothesis law (c) All matter is composed of very small particles called atoms. theory law hypothesis
(a) hypothesis (b) law (c) theory
Be sure to answer all parts. Select the SI units for expressing the following: (a) Length meter mile kilometer cm (b) Volume m3 ft3 yd3 cm3 (c) Mass kilograms ounces pounds grams (d) Time seconds months years (e) Temperature °F K °C
(a) meter (b) m^3 (c) kilograms (d) seconds (e) K
Be sure to answer all parts. Identify each of the diagrams shown here as depicting a solid, liquid, gas, or mixture of two substances. Figure (a) depicts a __________. solid liquid gas mixture Figure (b) depicts a __________. solid liquid gas mixture Figure (c) depicts a __________. solid liquid gas mixture Figure (d) depicts a __________. solid liquid gas mixture
(a): liquid (b): gas (c): mixture (d): solid
Select the single best answer. An empty container with a volume of 150.0 cm3 is weighed and found to have a mass of 72.3 g. The container is filled with a liquid and reweighed. The mass of the container and the liquid is 203.3 g. What is the density of the liquid to the appropriate number of significant figures? 0.87 g/cm3 0.873 g/cm3 0.8733 g/cm3 0.87333 g/cm3
0.8733 g/cm3
Classify each of the following values by the number of significant figures present in each.
1 sig fig: 90 m...0.005L 2 sig fig: 12 mL...1.2 years...7.0 m^2...50. cm 3 sig fig: 40.7 g...3270 ft...2.99x10^8 m/s 4 sig fig: 0.6258 mg...2.205 lb...8.314 J/mol*K 5 sig fig: 670.90 in not used: 4x10^6 s...6.022x10^23 mol^-1
Label steps 1-5 below as chemical or physical changes
1. Chemical 2. Physical 3. Chemical 4. Chemical 5. Physical
Label each step in the Scientific Method and then place the step in the correct order
1. Observations: Natural phenomena and measured events; can be stated as a natural law if universally consistent. 2. Hypothesis: Tentative proposal that explains observations. 3. Experiment: Procedure to test hypothesis; measures one variable at a time. 4. Model (Theory): Set of conceptual assumptions that explains data from accumulated experiments; predicts related phenomena. 5. Further Experiment: Tests predictions based on model.
Complete each of the following statements regarding the three states of matter 1. A solid has a ____________ shape that ____________ conform to the container shape. 2. A liquid has a ____________ shape that ____________ conform to the container shape, but only to the extent of the liquid's volume; that is, a liquid ____________ form an upper surface. 3. A gas has a ____________ shape that ____________ conform to the container shape, but fills the entire shape and, thus ____________ form an upper surface.
1. fixed...does not 2. varying...does 3. varying...does...does not
Be sure to answer all parts. Chlorine is used to disinfect swimming pools. The accepted concentration for this purpose is 1.00 ppm chlorine, or 1.00 g of chlorine per million grams of water. Calculate the volume of a chlorine solution (in milliliters) a homeowner should add to her swimming pool if the solution contains 7.50 percent chlorine by mass and there are 2.46 × 104 gallons (gal) of water in the pool (1 gal = 3.79 L; density of liquids = 1.00 g/mL). Enter your answer in scientific notation.
1.241 x 10^3 mL
Be sure to answer all parts. If the average speed of a helium atom at a certain temperature is 1220 m/s, what is the speed in miles per hour? (1 mi = 1609 m) _______ × 10_______ mi/h
2.729 x 10^3 mi/h
Be sure to answer all parts. Perform the following arithmetic operations, and report the results to the proper number of significant figures. 1.2302 cm × 2.413 cm × 11.299 cm _____ cm3 19.0 kg/0.036 m3 ________ × 10__ kg/m3 (Enter your answer in scientific notation.) 1.161 × 1010 kg − 1.030 × 109 kg _______× 10__ kg (Enter your answer in scientific notation.) 20.25 mL + 39.00 mL _______mL 36 cm3 + 190.5 cm3 ________cm3
33.54cm 5.3 x 10__ 1.058 x 10 10 59.25mL 227cm^3
Be sure to answer all parts. Calculate the density of a solid substance if a cube measuring 2.79 cm on one side has a mass of 115 g. ________ g/cm3 Calculate the mass of a cube of the same substance measuring 7.41 cm on one side. ________ g
5.29 (g/cm3) 2152.34 (g)
Enter your answer in the provided box. Suppose that a new temperature scale has been devised on which the melting point of some compound (−116.3°C) and the boiling point of the same compound (77.8°C) are taken as 0°S and 100°S, respectively, where S is the symbol for the new temperature scale. Derive an equation relating a reading on this scale to a reading on the Celsius scale. What would this thermometer read at 32.3°C?
76.6
Which of the following statements describe chemical properties? Iron has a tendency to rust. Rainwater in industrialized regions tends to be acidic. Hemoglobin molecules have a red color. When a glass of water is left out in the sun, the water gradually disappears. Carbon dioxide in air is converted to more complex molecules by plants during photosynthesis. An alloy of gold melts at a lower temperature than pure gold.
Iron has a tendency to rust. Rainwater in industrialized regions tends to be acidic Carbon dioxide in air is converted to more complex molecules by plants during photosynthesis.
Select all that apply. Which of the following statements describe chemical properties? Oxygen gas supports combustion. Hydrofluoric acid reacts with glass. Fertilizers help to increase agricultural production. Water boils below 100°C on top of a mountain. Lead is denser than aluminum.
Oxygen gas supports combustion. Hydrofluoric acid reacts with glass. Fertilizers help to increase agricultural production.
categorize each property as either physical or chemical
Physical Properties: melting point density hardness color electrical conductivity Chemical Properties: flammability corrosiveness reactivity with acids
Three students (A, B, and C) are asked to determine the volume of a sample of water. Each student measures the volume three times with a graduated cylinder. The results in milliliters are: A (87.1, 88.2, 87.6); B (86.9, 87.1, 87.2); C (87.6, 87.8, 87.9). The true volume is 87.0 mL. Comment on the precision and the accuracy of each student's results. Student A has results that are neither precise nor accurate. Student B has results that are both precise and accurate. Student C has results that are precise but not accurate. Student A has results that are precise and accurate. Student B has results that are neither precise and accurate. Student C has results that are accurate but not precise.
Student A has results that are neither precise nor accurate. Student B has results that are both precise and accurate. Student C has results that are precise but not accurate
Which of the following describe chemical (not physical) changes? a. A spoonful of table salt dissolves in a bowl of soup. b. The growth of plants depends upon the sun's energy in a process called photosynthesis. c. A flashlight beam slowly gets dimmer and finally goes out due to a dying battery. d. The helium gas inside a balloon tends to leak out after a few hours. e. Frozen orange juice is reconstituted by adding water to it.
b. The growth of plants depends upon the sun's energy in a process called photosynthesis. c. A flashlight beam slowly gets dimmer and finally goes out due to a dying battery.
Select the correct conversion factor for each step in the following roadmap for a substance with a density of 1 g/mL. mass (kg)----> mass (g) ----> volume (mL)
x 1000g / 1kg x 1mL / 1g
Select the correct conversion factor for each step in the following roadmap for a substance with a density of 1 g/mL. volume (L) ----> volume (mL) ----> mass (g)
x 1000mL / 1L x 1g / 1mL
