chem chapter 11
decomposition reaction
a chemical change in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler products
combustion reaction
a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen, often producing energy in the form of heat and light
single replacement reaction
a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound
combination reaction
a chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance
double replacement reaction
a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds
skeleton equation
a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products
activity series of metals
a list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity
chemical equation
a representation of a chemical reaction in which the reactants and products are expressed as formulas
catalyst
a substance that speeds up the reaction but is not used up in the reaction
net ionic equation
an equation for a reaction in solution that shows only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change
balanced equation
an equation in which each side has the same number of atoms of each element
spectator ion
an ion that appears on both sides of an equation and is not directly involved in the reaction
What are the five general types of reactions?
combination, decomposition, single-replacement, double-replacement, and combustion
reactants
on the left
products
on the right
complete ionic equation
qan equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions
coefficient
small whole numbers that are placed in front of the formulas in an equation in order to balance it
In every balanced chemical equation, each side of the equation has the same number of ____. A.atoms of each element B.molecules C.moles D.coefficients
A
How can you predict the formation of a precipitate in a double replacement reaction?
By using the general rules for solubility of ionic compounds, you can predict the formation of a precipitate.
A blue precipitate forms in the double-replacement reaction Ca(OH)2(aq) + Co(NO3)2(aq). Based on solubility information, wha is the formula for this precipitate? A.CoOH B.CaNO3 C.Co(OH)2 D.Ca(NO3)2
C
Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy A.the law of definite proportions. B.the law of multiple proportions. C.the law of conservation of mass. D.Avogadro's principle.
C
In a double-replacement reaction, A.the reactants are usually a metal and a nonmetal. B.one of the reactants is often water. C.the reactants are generally two ionic compounds in aqueous solution. D.energy in the form of heat or light is often produced.
C
In the chemical equation H2O2 (aq) → H2O(l) + O2(g), the O2 is a ____. A.catalyst B.solid C.product D.reactant
C
The reaction 2Fe + 3Cl 2 → 2FeCl3 is an example of which type of reaction? A.combustion reaction B.single-replacement reaction C.combination reaction D.decomposition reaction
C
What is the precipitate resulting from the double-replacement reaction AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)? A. NaNO3 B. NaAg C. AgCl D. ClNO3
C
Which of the following combinations of symbol and explanation of symbol is correct when used in a chemical equation? A.(g), grams B.(l), liters C.(aq), dissolved in water D.(s), solid product
C
In the following chemical equation, which are the spectator ions?Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) → Ca(OH)2(s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) A. Ca2+(aq) and 2Na+(aq) B. 2OH-(aq) and 2Cl-(aq) C. 2OH-(aq) and 2Na+(aq) D. 2Na+(aq) and 2Cl-(aq)
D
In the following chemical equation, which are the spectator ions?Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) → Ca(OH)2(s) + 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) A.Ca2+(aq) and 2Na+(aq) B.2OH-(aq) and 2Cl-(aq) C.2OH-(aq) and 2Na+(aq) D.2Na+(aq) and 2Cl-(aq)
D
What are the coefficients that will balance the skeleton equation below?N2 + H2 → NH3 A.1, 1, 2 B.1, 3, 3 C.3, 1, 2 D.1, 3, 2
D
When the equation for the complete combustion of one mole of C3H7OH is balanced, the coefficient for oxygen is ____. A.13 B.11 C.7 D.9
D
Which of the following statements is true about what happens in all chemical reactions? A.The ways in which atoms are joined together is not changed. B.New atoms are formed as products. C.The final substances are called reactants. D.Bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed.
D
What are the steps for writing and balancing a chemical equation?
To write a balanced chemical equation, first write the skeleton equation. Then use coefficients to balance the equation so that it obeys the law of conservation of mass.
How do you write a skeleton equation?
To write a skeleton equation, write the chemical formulas for the reactants to the left of the yields sign (arrow) and the formulas for the products to the right.
What does the symbol Δabove the arrow in a chemical equation mean? A.Heat is supplied to the reaction. B.A catalyst is needed in the reaction. C.Electricity is need in the reaction. D.A precipitate will form during the reaction.
A
What is the precipitate resulting from the double-replacement reaction BaCl2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq)? A.Ba(OH)2 B.NaCl C.BaNa2 D.Cl(OH)
A
What does a net ionic equation show?
A net ionic equation shows only those particles involved in the reaction and is balanced with respect to both mass and charge.
A catalyst is A.the product of a combustion reaction. B.not used up in a reaction. C.one of the reactants in single-replacement reactions. D.a solid product of a reaction.
B
A chemical equation that shows only those particles involved in a reaction is called a(n) ____. A.free ion equation B.net ionic equation C.partial ionic equation D.complete ionic equation
B
A net ionic equation A.shows the spectator ions. B.shows only those particles involved in the reaction. C.is not necessarily balanced with respect to mass or charge. D.shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions.
B
A yellow precipitate forms in the double-replacement reaction 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq). Based on solubility information, what is the formula for this precipitate? A.PbI B.PbI2 C.KNO3 D.K2(NO3)2
B
What is the driving force in the following reaction?Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + K2S(aq) → A.A gas is formed. B.A precipitate is formed. C.Ionic compounds are reactants. D.Ionic compounds are products.
B
