CHEM LEC MODULE 4 HISTORY

William Henry Perkin & Friedrich Kekule

Perkins, made the "Perkin's Mauve." The first synthetic dye, and the foundation of the dye synthesis industry. Kekule proposed that carbon is TETRAVALENT, meaning it forms exactly 4 chemical bonds.

Benjamin Silliman, Jr

Pioneered the "Method of Petroleum Cracking" which made the entire modern petrochemical industry possible.

Niels Bohr

Proposed the concept of quantum mechanics & "Bohr's model ofthe atom".

Gilbert N. Lewis

Published "Atom and the Molecule", which led to the foundation of valence bond theory

Jons Jacob Berzelius

Published "Larbok I Kemien", proposing modern chemical symbols, notations, and the concept of relative atomic weight.

Linus Carl Pauling

Published "The Nature of the Chemical Bond", explaining the hybridization theory, covalent & ionic bonding, and structures of benzene.

Friedrich Wohler

Synthesized "urea", the 1st organic compound produced from inorganic starting materials.

Friedrich Wohler & Justus von Liebig

Discovered the functional groups and radicals in relation to organic chemistry.

Friedrich Kekule

Established the structure of BENZENE as a six-carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds

Gilbert N. Lewis

Developed the electron pair theory of acid/base reactions.

Adolf von Baeyer

Begins working on "indigo dye", a milestone in modern industrial organic chemistry

Jacobos Hendricus Van't Hoff & Joseph Achille Le Bel

Developed the chemical bonding model and explained the chirality experiments of Pasteur's theory.

Leo Hendrick Baekeland

Invented "Bakelite", the first commercially successful plastic

Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet

Invented "Chromatography", an important analytic technique.

Wallace Carothers

Invented "Nylon", one of the most commercially successful polymers in history

Alexander Parkes

Made the "Parkensine", the earliest synthetic polymer that made the foundation of the modern plastics industry.

Hermann Kolbe

Obtains the "acetic acid" from entirely inorganic sources.