CHEM LEC MODULE 4 HISTORY
William Henry Perkin & Friedrich Kekule
Perkins, made the "Perkin's Mauve." The first synthetic dye, and the foundation of the dye synthesis industry. Kekule proposed that carbon is TETRAVALENT, meaning it forms exactly 4 chemical bonds.
Benjamin Silliman, Jr
Pioneered the "Method of Petroleum Cracking" which made the entire modern petrochemical industry possible.
Niels Bohr
Proposed the concept of quantum mechanics & "Bohr's model ofthe atom".
Gilbert N. Lewis
Published "Atom and the Molecule", which led to the foundation of valence bond theory
Jons Jacob Berzelius
Published "Larbok I Kemien", proposing modern chemical symbols, notations, and the concept of relative atomic weight.
Linus Carl Pauling
Published "The Nature of the Chemical Bond", explaining the hybridization theory, covalent & ionic bonding, and structures of benzene.
Friedrich Wohler
Synthesized "urea", the 1st organic compound produced from inorganic starting materials.
Friedrich Wohler & Justus von Liebig
Discovered the functional groups and radicals in relation to organic chemistry.
Friedrich Kekule
Established the structure of BENZENE as a six-carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds
Gilbert N. Lewis
Developed the electron pair theory of acid/base reactions.
Adolf von Baeyer
Begins working on "indigo dye", a milestone in modern industrial organic chemistry
Jacobos Hendricus Van't Hoff & Joseph Achille Le Bel
Developed the chemical bonding model and explained the chirality experiments of Pasteur's theory.
Leo Hendrick Baekeland
Invented "Bakelite", the first commercially successful plastic
Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet
Invented "Chromatography", an important analytic technique.
Wallace Carothers
Invented "Nylon", one of the most commercially successful polymers in history
Alexander Parkes
Made the "Parkensine", the earliest synthetic polymer that made the foundation of the modern plastics industry.
Hermann Kolbe
Obtains the "acetic acid" from entirely inorganic sources.