Chem test 3

Specific heat capacities are tabulated in units of J/ g*K, but most temperature measurements are made in units of Celsius. If a system is initially at 5 degree celsius and is heated to 10 degree's celsius, what is the change in temperature in kelvins

+5

-Rxn 1 + (-Rnx 2)= -Rxn 1 + 2(Rnx 2)= -(-Rnx 1) + (-Rnx 2)=

- A + B ---> 3C - A ---> 2B - B + C ---> A

which of the relationships are true?

- Change in H=q - Change in E= Change in H + w - Change in E= q + w

the ________ heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of 1 mol of that substance by ________ K

- molar - 1

The standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the enthalpy change associated with the reaction that generates ________ moles of that compound from its component _______ when all of the substances are under _______ conditions

-1 -elements -standard

-Gas -aqueous solution -pure substance

-1 atm -1 M -stable form at the given temperature and 1 atm of pressure

which of the following sets of quantum numbers are allowed

-1,0,0 -2,1,-1

A p orbital has _____ regions or lobes of high electron probability, on either side of the nucleus. This gives the orbital a dumbbell shape with a(n) _________ or region of zero electron density at the nucleus

-2 -node

Which sublevels may be utilized in constructing a partial orbital diagram for a period 3 element?

-3p -3s

An atom of Sn (Z=50) has ________ inner (core) electrons, ___________ outer electrons, and ____________ valence

-4 outer electrons -46 core electrons -4 valence electrons

which of the following changes in energy would be assigned a negative value in a thermochemical equation?

-A hot rock cools at sunset -beaker of water is heated on a burner -a compressed spring is allowed to uncoil

Which of the following statements correctly describe an s orbital?

-An s orbital has a spherical shape -A 2s orbital has two regions of high electron density

Which of the following elements exhibit an irregular filling pattern of the orbitals?

-Cu -Cr

which of the following options correctly interpret the electron configuration 1s^2 2s^2 2p^3

-The electrons in the 2p orbitals might be spinning either clockwise or counterclockwise -there are two electrons in the 1s sublevel -the two electrons in the 2s sublevel have opposite spin

In order for a current to flow in a photoelectric cell, a photon of light must be _____ by an electron in the metal. For this to occur the____ of the proton must be equal to or greater than the energy needed to remove the electron from its energy state. It is the _____ of the light that is important, not its intensity.

-absorbed -energy -frequency

-3,0,0 -3,1,0 -4,2,2 -4,1, -1

-an electron in a 3s orbital -an electron in a 3p orbital -an electron in a 4d orbital -an electron in a 4p orbital

Which of the following statements correctly describe exothermic and endothermic reactions?

-an exothermic reaction is one that releases heat to its surroundings -if the container of a reaction becomes colder during the reaction, the reaction is endothermic -the reactants in an endothermic reaction are lower in energy than the products

The _______ momentum quantum number has the symbol I and can take values from _____ to (n-1). This number is related to the ______ of the orbital

-angular -0 -shape

the specific heat capacity, abbreviated with the letter ___, is the quantity of ________, required to change the temperature of ___ gram of an object by 1 ___

-c -heat -1 -K

Any two waves that meet as they travel through the same medium will interact. If the two waves are in phase their crests will coincide and they will experience _________ interference, producing a wave with an ______ amplitude

-constructive -increased

An orbital with I=2 is called a ______ orbital. These orbitals always occur in groups of ________ orbitals of equal energy

-d -5

What statements correctly describe the atoms in terms of quantum mechanics?

-each electron occupies a three-dimensional space near the nucleus. This space is described by a wave function -electrons exhibit behavior of both waves and particles -the movement of each electron in the atom can be described by a wave function

the term _______ indicates that heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings, while _______ indicates that heat is released by the system into the surroundings

-endothermic; exothermic

Each element has its own atomic line spectrum, consisting of fine lines of individual wavelengths that are characteristic for the element. This occurs because the atom contains specific ______ level, and an atom can only absorb or emit radiation that correspond to the energy ______ between these levels

-energy -difference

Based of the first law of thermodynamics, the energy gained by a system is ________ the energy lost by the surroundings

-equal to

The lowest energy distribution of electrons in the sublevels for an atom of a particular element is called the ________ state electron configuration for that element. This is a close relationship between this distribution and the position of the element on the ___________ table, since electron configuration determines both the chemical and physical _________ of an element

-ground -periodic -properties

elements that are in the same ___________ of the periodic table will have the same __________ electron configuration and will have very similar chemical _______

-group -outer -behavior

The SI unit of energy is the _____, which is abbreviated by the symbol __

-joule -J

correct symbol for wavelenth

-lamba -nm

When drawing an orbital diagram, orbitals of _________ energy are filled first. By convention, the _______ electron in a given orbital is designated as increase and the direction of the arrow indicates the electron _______________

-lower -first -spin

Which of the following statements correctly describe a photon?

-matter cannot absorb or emit a fraction of a photon -a photon is a particle of electromagnetic radiation

The principal quantum number is given the symbol _______ and has positive, whole number values starting from _____

-n -1

If heat is transferred from a system to its surroundings, and surroundings do work on the system, the sign of q will be _______, and the sign of w will be ___________

-negative -positive

A condensed electron configuration includes the element symbol of the _________ gas that is ____________ to the relevant element in square brackets, followed by the configuration of the energy level being filled

-noble -prior

the ground-state electron configuration

-obeys Hund's rule -obeys the aufbau principle

Hand's rule state that when a sublevel contains several orbitals of equal energy, ___________ electron(s) must be placed in each orbital before electrons are _______

-one -paired

Which of the following statements correctly describe how to place electrons in orbitals of the same sublevel?

-one electron must be placed in each orbital of equal energy before electrons are paired up -all unpaired electrons in a sublevel should have parallel spins

The magnetic quantum number has the symbol Mi and this value indicates the ________ of an orbital in space. The Mi value is dictated by the value of _______

-orientation -I

For any element in the periodic table, the __________ number gives the n value of the ___________ principal energy level containing electrons. For main-group elements only, the A _______ number is always equal to the number of the valence electrons

-period -highest -group

The phenomenon where an electric current is produced by shining a light on a metal plate is called the _________ effect. The minimum frequency required to cause a current to flow is called the ___________ frequency. This frequency depends on the identity of the metal used.

-photoelectric -threshold

An orbital with I=0 is called a(n) _______ type orbital and has a(n) ________ shape. There is always a total of _______ orbital(s) of this type for each principal energy level.

-s -spherical -1

thermodynamic parameters are usually calculated for compounds under ______ conditions, since values tend to vary somewhat with conditions. To be in this state, a gas must have a pressure of 1 ________, and a solution must have a concentration of 1 ________

-standard -atm -M

A ____ function is path independent, meaning that only the initial and _______ final conditions are needed to measure the net change that occurred

-state -final

Which of the following options correctly define a state function?

-state function is a quantity that does not depend on the path taken to achieve it -a state function is one that depends on the initial state of the system

The angular quantum number, I, indicates the ______ of the orbitals in an atoms. A value of I=0 indicates a(n) ________ type orbital while a d orbital is indicated by an I value of ______

-sublevel -s -2

Which of the following options correctly describes the order in which sublevels are most commonly filled with electrons?

-the 1s sublevel must be filled before electrons are placed in the 2s orbital -The 3d orbitals are generally filled after the 4s orbital

Hot coffee is poured into a mug. It slowly cools, releasing heat to the environment. If we consider the coffee to be the system, which of the following are part of the surroundings?

-the air in the room -the mug -the table underneath the mug

which of the following statements correctly describe the relationship between the volume of a chemical system and work?

-the expansion of a gas can provide mechanical work -a chemical system may do work by the expansion of one or more gaseous products -the work done by expanding gas is calculated using the equation w=-P*(change in V)

Which of the following statements correctly describe group-state electron configurations?

-the ground-state electron configuration has the lowest-energy distribution of the electrons -the ground-state electron configurations are the basis for the recurring pattern of chemical behavior

which of the following experimental values are used to solve for the specific heat capacity of a substance?

-the mass of the substance -the heat absorbed or released (q) -the temperature change

which of the following statements correctly describe p orbitals?

-the p orbitals of a group are perpendicular to each other -p orbitals always occur in groups of three -a p orbital has a dumbbell shape with two lobes, one on either side of the nucleus

Which of the following statement correctly describe the information provided by quantum numbers?

-the quantum number n indicates the principal energy level of an orbital -the quantum number I indicates the shape of an orbital -the relative size of the orbital is indicated by the value of n

the Schroedinger wave equation relates the energy of an atom to its electrons in terms of the _________ function of the electron. Each solution to the equation represents an allowed __________ state of the atom and is associated with a particular atomic orbital

-wave -energy

In the quantum mechanical model of the atom, an electron is viewed as a wave-particle that occupies a three-dimensional space near the nucleus. the movement of the electron is described by a ______ function, which is also called an atomic ________

-wave -orbital

Sublevels in the correct order of electrons on periodic table

1. 4p 2. 3d 3. 4s 4. 3p 5. 3s

electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing wavelength

1. X-ray 2. UV radiation 3. Visible light 4. IR radiation 5. Radiowaves

In the Period 6 inner transition element series, the 4f orbitals begin to be filled after the element ________

La

Which of the following accounts for the observation that Li, Na, K, and Cs have similar chemical properties?

They have the same outer electron configuration

Which of the following is the correct condensed electron configuration for titanium (Z=22)?

[Ar] 4s^2 3d^2

If a system gains heat as it does work on its surroundings, the total change in internal energy will ______

be positive, negative, or zero

The electron __________ of an element shows the distribution of electrons within the electronic energy levels of the atom

configuration

qsolid

csolid * mass (solid) * change in T (solid)

outer electrons

electrons in the highest energy level that contains electrons

core electrons

electrons in the previous noble gas and any filled d or f sublevels

valence electrons

electrons involved in bonding

By definition, the standard enthalpy of formation of a pure _________ in its standard state is equal to 0 kJ/mol

element

the first law of thermodynamics states that the total amount of _____ in the universe remains constant

energy

A thermochemical equation links a reaction's stoichiometry to its _______ change or change in H rxn

enthalpy

Change of H will be equal to change in E if the total number of moles of _______ does not change during a chemical reaction

gas

For which elements are outer electrons and valence electron the same?

main-group elements

A region of zero electron density in an orbital is called a(n) ________

node

A region of zero electron density in an orbital is called a(n) _________

node

-q (solid)

q (water)

c (solid)

q (water) / mass (solid) * change in T (solid)

Description of the diffraction of light

the apparent bending of light around the edge of an object in its path

The electron configuration of an element describes _______

the distribution of electrons in the orbital of its atoms

Hess's law state that the enthalpy change for an overall process is equal to ________

the sum of enthalpy changes for the individual steps