Chemistry 15B

Pure heptane would have an octane rating of -

0.

Pure isooctane would have an octane rating of -

100.

The United States is estimated to have approximately what percentage of the world's coal reserves?

25%

Approximately what percentage of U.S electricity is generated by the burning of coal?

45%

Gasoline with an octane rating of 90 would give the same performance in a standard test engine as a mixture of -

90% isooctane and 10% heptane.

The highest grade of coal is -

Anthracite.

The primary element of coal is -

Carbon.

The yield of gasoline from crude petroleum can be increased by -

Catalytic cracking of heavier fractions.

When coal burns -

Chemical energy is converted to heat energy.

What is NOT a disadvantage of using coal as a fuel source?

Coal is the least abundant of the fossil fuels.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of coal as a fuel?

Coal is the most plentiful fossil fuel; Coal, as a solid fuel, is hard to move from one location; Coal produces more pollution than other fuels; Coal can be converted to more convenient gaseous or liquid fuels.

When coal is heated in the absence of air, the condensed vapor collected during the heating is called -

Coal tar.

The most abundant fossil fuel in the United States is -

Coal.

Which of the following forms of energy is the dirtiest?

Coal.

What are the main three fossil fuel forms?

Coal; Petroleum; and Natural Gas.

When coal is heated in the absence of air, the solid left behind is called -

Coke.

Gasoline is a -

Complex mixture of C5 - C12 hydrocarbons.

Coal can be cleaned before it is burned. The flotation method separates coal from its major impurities by taking advantage of the difference in ______________ of these materials.

Density

To make crude petroleum more useful, it must be -

Distilled.

For most uses, the most convenient form of energy is -

Electrical.

The density of coal is higher than the density of most of its impurities.

False

When coal containing sulfur is burned, the sulfur is converted to -

Gaseous sulfur oxides that go up the smokestack.

The main components of petroleum are -

Hydrocarbons.

Liquefaction of coal produces a fuel that -

Is more conveniently transported.

What are some descriptions of Natural Gas?

It burns more cleanly than any other fossil fuel; The fossil fuel that can be liquified under pressure.

What are some descriptions of coal?

It is relatively abundant and can be used for many more years; The fossil fuel that is largely responsible for acid rain, urban smog, and global warming.

When coal is burned, mineral impurities are converted to -

Metal oxide solids that remain behind as ash.

The major component of natural gas is -

Methane.

A compound that replaced tetraethyllead as an octane booster is -

Methyl tert-butyl ether.

Recent evidence indicates that petroleum is derived from -

Microscopic marine animals.

The lowest grade of coal is -

Peat.

A major inconvenience of coal as a fuel is that it is a -

Solid.

What are some descriptions of petroleum?

The Middle East has the richest reserves of this fossil fuel; The most versatile fossil fuel and the preferred fuel in automobiles; The most consumed fossil fuel in the present world.

An advantage of natural gas as a fuel is that it is -

The cleanest of the fossil fuels.

The basic process for converting coal to a synthetic gaseous fuel involves -

The reduction of carbon by hydrogen.

What product is NOT made from petroleum?

Tires

A disadvantage of strip mining is that it leaves the soil exposed and erosion occurs more readily.

True

Adding oxygen containing additives, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or ethanol, gasoline improves octane rating and reduces CO emissions in automobile engines.

True

Anthracite has a higher carbon content than wood.

True

At the current rate of consumption and production, U.S reserves of petroleum will run out sometime in the 21st century.

True

Branched hydrocarbons have a higher octane rating than straight chain hydrocarbons do.

True

Coal tar and coke are sources of organic chemicals for medical and industrial use.

True

High quality coal has a higher content of carbon than low quality coal does.

True

Coal liquefaction and gasification have the advantage of producing gasses and liquids that are easy to transport.

True.