chemistry B UNIT 1
City A is located along the shore of an ocean. City B is at the same latitude and altitude, but it is located about 124 miles (200 km) inland, away from any large bodies of water. Which of the following statements most likely describe these two cities? Check all that apply.
A and B Summer City A lower than daytime city B
Maximum density of water is
-4 degrees celsius
what happens during molarity?
What happens is kinetic energy of particles partially overcomes intermolecular forces and particles can slide past one another
specific melting and boiling points of water allows it naturally to exist as what?
a solid, a liquid, a gas
adhesion
attraction between molecules of two different substances that are in physical contact at a surface -> meniscus in glass tibes
cohesion
attraction between molecules within a substance -> formation of droplets
additional importance of water to organisms include the following:
climate regulation and living enviroment
the equation for density is
d=m/v
as volume increases what does the density of water do
decreases
water has what type of surface tension?
high
water has what type of capacity to retain heat and keep moderate climate
high heat capacity
water's boiling point is abnormally what than expected?
higher
What does hydrogen bonds increase?
increase distance between water molecules in ice
Hydrogen bonds increase what
increase the amount of energy required for KE to change
surface tension
is the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist and external force -> results from intermolecular forces
Dissolving salt in water reduces the intermolecular forces between water molecules. What most likely happens to the surface tension of water when salt is dissolved in it?
it decreases
does water expand or contract when it freezes?
it expands
Specific heat
measure of a substance's resistance to temperature change
Higher specific heat means what
more heat lost or gained for temperature to increase
what happens during boiling?
what happens is kinetic energy of particles completely overcomes intermolecular forces and particles seperate
dissociation
when water breaks apart an ionic compound into cations and anions
dissolving
when water breaks down substances and surrounds individual molecules or particles
hydration
when water surrounds substances that have been "broken apart"
capillary action
movement of water up a narrow tube due to attractions with the surface of the tube
four functions of water in living things
support (turgor pressure, hydrostatic skeleton), temperature religion, transport (body fluids), reaction enviroment
stronger intermolecular force the greater what?
the greater higher surface tension
the higher specific heat of water allows what
water bodies to moderate climate and store significant amounts of thermal energy
Water readily dissociates ionic compounds, dissolves covalent molecules, and hydrates the smaller particles. This is most likely because
water is a polar molecule