chemistry B UNIT 1

City A is located along the shore of an ocean. City B is at the same latitude and altitude, but it is located about 124 miles (200 km) inland, away from any large bodies of water. Which of the following statements most likely describe these two cities? Check all that apply.

A and B Summer City A lower than daytime city B

Maximum density of water is

-4 degrees celsius

what happens during molarity?

What happens is kinetic energy of particles partially overcomes intermolecular forces and particles can slide past one another

specific melting and boiling points of water allows it naturally to exist as what?

a solid, a liquid, a gas

adhesion

attraction between molecules of two different substances that are in physical contact at a surface -> meniscus in glass tibes

cohesion

attraction between molecules within a substance -> formation of droplets

additional importance of water to organisms include the following:

climate regulation and living enviroment

the equation for density is

d=m/v

as volume increases what does the density of water do

decreases

water has what type of surface tension?

high

water has what type of capacity to retain heat and keep moderate climate

high heat capacity

water's boiling point is abnormally what than expected?

higher

What does hydrogen bonds increase?

increase distance between water molecules in ice

Hydrogen bonds increase what

increase the amount of energy required for KE to change

surface tension

is the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist and external force -> results from intermolecular forces

Dissolving salt in water reduces the intermolecular forces between water molecules. What most likely happens to the surface tension of water when salt is dissolved in it?

it decreases

does water expand or contract when it freezes?

it expands

Specific heat

measure of a substance's resistance to temperature change

Higher specific heat means what

more heat lost or gained for temperature to increase

what happens during boiling?

what happens is kinetic energy of particles completely overcomes intermolecular forces and particles seperate

dissociation

when water breaks apart an ionic compound into cations and anions

dissolving

when water breaks down substances and surrounds individual molecules or particles

hydration

when water surrounds substances that have been "broken apart"

capillary action

movement of water up a narrow tube due to attractions with the surface of the tube

four functions of water in living things

support (turgor pressure, hydrostatic skeleton), temperature religion, transport (body fluids), reaction enviroment

stronger intermolecular force the greater what?

the greater higher surface tension

the higher specific heat of water allows what

water bodies to moderate climate and store significant amounts of thermal energy

Water readily dissociates ionic compounds, dissolves covalent molecules, and hydrates the smaller particles. This is most likely because

water is a polar molecule