chemistry ch 12 Introduction to Organic
what elements are present in Inorganic compounds?
1. most metals and nonmetals ex Na, Cl
What is the properties of Inorganic compounds?
1. most metals and nonmetals ex Na, Cl 2. mostly ions ex Na+ and Cl- 3.many are ions, some covalent
what are particles in Inorganic compounds?
2. mostly ions ex Na+ and Cl-
what is bonding of Inorganic compounds?
3.many are ions, some covalent
how many steps are need to drawing formuls for an alkane?
4 steps
what is alkanes?
A large number of carbon compounds are possible because the covalent bonds between carbon atoms, such as those in propane (C3 H8), are very strong, allowing carbon atoms to form long, stable chains
how to draw line-angle formulas?
A simplified structure of organic molecules •is called the line-angle formula. . shows a zigzag line in which carbon atoms are represented as the ends of each line and as corners Carbon atoms •at the end are bonded to three hydrogen atoms. •in the middle are bonded to two hydrogen atoms
what elements are present in organic compounds?
C and H, sometimes O, S, N, P, or Cl, ( F, Br, I)
what is conformation of alkanes?
Carbon atoms in a chain, connected by single C—C bonds • can rotate so that groups attached to each carbon move freely about the C—C bond. • can have different arrangements
what is the flammability organic compounds?
High example burns in air
what is Hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen. example methane (CH4)
what is the does methane or (CH4) continued
In methane (CH 4), carbon forms four covalent bonds to hydrogen. Methane is tetrahedral and has bond angles of 109 ° .
what are particles in organic compounds?
Molecules example C3H8
what is polarity of bonds of Inorganic compounds?
Most are ionic or polar covalent, a few are nonploar covalent.
what is the bonding of organic compounds?
Mostly covalent
what is polarity of bonds of organic compounds?
Nonpolar unless a strongly electronegative atom is present
what is the solubility of organic compounds in waterter?
Not soluble unless a polar group is present
what is Organic compounds?
Organic compound always contains Carbon and Hydrogen atoms. may also contain other nonmetals such as oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or a halogen. • is often found in common products such as gasoline, medicines, shampoos, plastics, and perfumes.
what is the properties of organic compounds?
Organic compounds typically 1. have covalent bonds. 2• have low melting and boiling points. 3• are flammable and undergo combustion. 4• are not soluble in water. example Vegetable oil is a mixture of organic compounds and is not soluble in water.
what is the melting point of organic?
Usually low -188C
what does alkanes continued?
are formed by a continuous chain of carbon atoms. •are named using theIUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system. •have names that end in ane . •use Greek prefixes to name carbon chains with five or more carbon atoms
how many bonds does carbon contains in organic molecules?
every carbon has four bonds. •In methane (CH 4), the carbon atom forms an octet by sharing its four valence electrons with four hydrogen atoms.
How to write condensed structural formula
in a condensed structural formula, •each carbon atom and its attached hydrogen atoms are written as a group. •a subscript indicates the number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom
what carbon compund ethane or C2H6 contiunes?
in ethane (C2H 6), each tetrahedral carbon forms three covalent bonds to hydrogen and one to the other carbon.
What is butane?
is used to identiy any type of alkane that just has four carbons and no double bonds or no triple bones.
what is the flammability Inorganic compounds?
low does not burn
what is the solubility of Inorganic compounds in waterter?
most are soluble unless nonpolar
How are the organic compounds are organize?
organic compounds are organize by their functional groups, which are groups of atoms bonded in a specific way. Compounds that contain the same functional group have similar physical and chemical properties
what is the 1st step to drawing formuls for an alkane?
step 1 Draw the carbon chain. a molecule of pentane has five atoms in a a continuous chain. example: c-c-c-c-c
what is the 2nd step to drawing formuls for an alkane?
step 2 draw the expanded structural formula by adding the hydrogen atoms using single bonds to each of the carbon atoms.
what is the 3rd step to drawing formuls for an alkane?
step 3 draw the condensed structural formula by combining the H atoms with each C atom.
what is the 4th step to drawing formuls for an alkane?
step 4 Draw the line-angle structural formula as a zigzag line in which the ends and corners represent C atoms.
What is the cycloalkanes?
they are saturated Hydrcarbons the chemical formula is CnH2n are cyclic alkanes. • have two fewer hydrogen atoms than the open chain form. •are named by using the prefix cyclo before the name of the alkane chain with the same number of carbon atoms
how do you name alkanes with 5 or more carbon atoms in a chain?
using greek perfixes: such as pent(5), hex(6), hept (7), oct(8), non(9), and dec(10)
what is the boiling point of Inorganic compounds?
usually high 1413 C
what is the melting point of Inorganic?
usually high 801C
what is the boiling point of organic compounds?
usually low -42C
