Chemistry chapter 11

a) The main component of natural gas is ________.

methane

Give the name for each of the following group NO2

nitro

Any alkane in which all the carbon atoms are aligned in a continuous chain.

normal alkane

If pentane were mixed with water, it would

not dissolve and float on top of the water

The methane molecule is ________ in shape.

tetrahedral

When naming organic compounds, what ending is used to denote the alkane family?

"-ane"

The roots for the 4th normal hydrocarbon

, C4 = but-

The roots for the 5th normal hydrocarbon

, C5 = pent-,

The roots for the 6th normal hydrocarbon

, C6 = hex-,

Give the name for each of the following group -Br

bromo

Alkane molecules can take on different ________ or orientations in space due to the ability of single bonds to rotate.

conformations

"Normal alkanes" refer to those alkanes in which all carbon atoms are in one continuous chain. In "branched alkanes", at least one carbon is not part of the __________.

continuous chain.

________ are alkanes in which the carbon atoms are in a ring formation.

cycloalkanes.

Inorganic chemistry has (more/fewer) known compounds to study than does organic chemistry.

fewer

________ groups are one basis for distinguishing one family of organic compounds from another.

functional groups

Cis- and trans- isomers

geometric isomers

________ are organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon.

hydrocarbons

Molecules or parts of molecules that are insoluble in water.

hydrophobic

Hydrophobic substances are (soluble/insoluble) in water.

insoluble

Give the name for each of the following group -I

iodo

Geometric isomers are possible with cycloalkanes because there (is/is not) free rotation of the C-C bonds in the ring.

is not

A property in which two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms.

isomerism

When two compounds have different structural arrangements of atoms and yet their molecular formulas are the same, the property of ________ is being demonstrated.

isomerism

What is the name given to an alkyl group that contains three carbons and has its attachment point in the center of the chain?

isopropyl

A) Bonding characteristics of carbon and isomerism of carbon-containing molecules are the reasons for the extremely large number of ________ compounds.

organic

_________ chemistry is the study of carbon-containing compounds.

organic

Incomplete combustion may occur when there is not enough ________ present.

oxygen

Name the alkane that is very useful when trying to grill hamburgers for a back-yard barbeque.

propane

Compounds that have the same molecular formula and the same structural formula but different spatial arrangements of atoms.

stereoisomers

Stereoisomers are compounds with the same molecular and ________ formulas but the atoms are in different spatial arrangements.

structural

Because there are generally (weak/strong) forces acting between molecules, the melting points of most organic substances are low.

weak

Nonpolar alkane molecules must have (strong/weak) attractive forces between molecules in order to have low melting points.

weak

B) Each carbon atom has _____ bonds attached to it in an organic molecule.

4

A group differing by one hydrogen from an alkane is called an ________ group.

alkyl

An alkane compound minus one hydrogen.

alkyl group

The roots for the 1st normal hydrocarbon

C1 = meth-,

The roots for the 10th normal hydrocarbon

C10 = dec-

The roots for the 2nd normal hydrocarbon

C2 = eth-,

An organic chemist would study which of the following?

C2H4

The roots for the 3rd normal hydrocarbon

C3 = prop-

The roots for the 7th normal hydrocarbon

C7 = hept-,

The roots for the 8th normal hydrocarbon

C8 = oct-,

The roots for the 9th normal hydrocarbon

C9 = non-

Classify the following compounds as organic or inorganic: a) KCl b) CaSO4 c) C6H8O6 d) NaHCO3 e) diamond (pure carbon)

a) inorganic, b) inorganic, c) organic, d) inorganic, d) inorganic

Determine whether each of the following statements is describing organic or inorganic compounds. a) These compounds usually form bonds between "+" and "-" charged ions within molecules. b) These compounds are often quite flammable. c) These compounds generally have nonpolar bonds, making them insoluble in water.

a) inorganic, b) organic, c) organic

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds.

alkane

Petroleum jelly is a mixture of high molecular weight ________.

alkanes

Which family of organic compounds is the least reactive?

alkanes

Name the element that all organic compounds contain.

carbon