Chemistry Chapter 6

the ionization energy comes from an arabic word that means _________

ashes

crystals containing the alkaline earth metal, ______________, give emeralds their green color

beryllium

organic compounds frequently contain hydrogen bonded with

carbon

what is a major component of fossil feuls

carbon

the most industrially useful halogen, which is used to disinfect drinking water is

chlorine

best known alloy is stainless steel

chromium

used for coloring in paint pigments

chromium

used to plate automobile grills

chromium

found in vitamin b12

cobalt

coinage metal

copper, silver, gold

All of the halogens exist in elemental form as ___ molecules

diatomic

TRUE OR FALSE: a peice of 18-karat jewelry contains 100 PERCENT gold

false; 75 percent

TRUE OR FALSE: because it is so STRONG, iron has been used by people for thousands of years

false; abundant

TRUE OR FALSE: the alloy BRASS is made from copper and tin

false; bronze

TRUE OR FALSE: COPPER is a hard, silvery metal whose ions exhibit a variety of different color

false; chromium

TRUE OR FALSE: the major use of copper is in making COINS

false; electrical wiring

TRUE OR FALSE: most transition metals have high densities and LOW melting points

false; high

TRUE OR FALSE: hemoglobin contains the element COBALT

false; iron

TRUE OR FALSE: copper, PLATNIUM, and gold are coinage metals.

false; silver

hydrogen exists as a ___________ under normal conditions

gas

soft metal used in jewelry

gold

natural gas wells are a major source of todays

helium

there are no known compounds of

helium, neon, and argon

magnesium reacts with _________ ____________, which makes magnesium fires very hard to fight

hot water

_______________ is the most abundant element in the universe

hydrogen

Which of the following metals is not an alkali metal?

iron

a compound of hemoglobin

iron

alloyed with small amounts of carbon to form steel

iron

fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust

iron

least expensive of all the metals

iron

The purity of gold is expressed in

karats

a compound containing the alkali metal, _______________, is used to treat manic depression

lithium

members of the group 1a or alkali metals are ___________, ______________, ______________, ______________, _____________, and _______________

lithium, sodium, potassium, ribidium, cesium, and fracium

the alkali metals are shiny solids that are ________________, __________________, and ___________ ___________________ _____ _____________________

malleable, ductile, good conductors of electrcity

The ______________ that are the most reactive are found in the two column s- block of the periodic table

metals

in terms of mass, hydrogen is the ____________ most abundant element on earth

ninth

the formation of nitrogen compounds from nitrogen gas is called

nitrogen fixation

because the alkali metals are very reactive, they are ________ found as pure metals in nature

not

hydrogen has _______ valence electron

one

oxygen combines with most elements to form compounds called

oxides

the most reactive element is

Fluorine

why do the alkali metals have lower ionization energies than the alkanline earth metals?

The alkanline earth metals contain 2 electrons in their s- orbitals, requiring more energy to remove them.

all isotopes of actinides series are

radioactive

Which of the following alkaline earth metals is radioactive

radium

Alkali metals must be stored under oil because of their extreme

reactivity

Magnesium is produced commercially by

recovering it from sea water and mineral deposits

the most reactive metals are found in the _____ block of the periodic table

s

Calcium carbonate forms the ____________ of marine animals, such as oysters

shells

What is the major component of glass

silicon

The only alkali metal to be produced commercially in large is

sodium

the largest use of sulfur is in the production of

sulfuric acid

Why does sodium have a higher ionization energy than cesium?

the electrons in cesium are much farther away from the nucleus than in sodium thus are easier to remove

the lanthanides are similar to each other because

they all lose 3 electron, forming a +3 ion

The alkaline earth metals are not as reactive as the alkali metals because

they have higher ionization energies

the lanthanides are difficult to serparate from one another because

they occur together in nature and their properties are very similar

the only actinides that occur to any extent in nature are

thorium and uranium

TRUE OR FALSE: transition metals play an important role in LIVING ORGANISMS

true

all the elements after ____________ are artificial elements

uranium

Alkali metals cannot be used as structural metals because they are _______ _____________ elements

very reactive

Most of Earth's hydrogen is combined with oxygen as

water

alkali metals react with ___________ and __________

water, air

What percent of the earths atmosphere does nitrogen make up

80 percent

alkali metals have a what charge

+1

alkaline earth metals have a what charge

+2

hydrogen is placed at the top of group __________ column of elements

1A

the elements of the ______________ series are called lanthanides after the element lanthanum

4f

how did akanline earth metals get their name?

Alchemists in the middle ages used the term "earth" to refer to substances that were unchanged by fire.

why is beryllium a better choice than iron to use in an alloy for making airplanes?

Beryllium is very strong, but also lightweight. An alloy would be much heavier

TRUE OR FALSE: sterling silver is an alloy of silver and COPPER

True