Chemistry Chapter 6
the ionization energy comes from an arabic word that means _________
ashes
crystals containing the alkaline earth metal, ______________, give emeralds their green color
beryllium
organic compounds frequently contain hydrogen bonded with
carbon
what is a major component of fossil feuls
carbon
the most industrially useful halogen, which is used to disinfect drinking water is
chlorine
best known alloy is stainless steel
chromium
used for coloring in paint pigments
chromium
used to plate automobile grills
chromium
found in vitamin b12
cobalt
coinage metal
copper, silver, gold
All of the halogens exist in elemental form as ___ molecules
diatomic
TRUE OR FALSE: a peice of 18-karat jewelry contains 100 PERCENT gold
false; 75 percent
TRUE OR FALSE: because it is so STRONG, iron has been used by people for thousands of years
false; abundant
TRUE OR FALSE: the alloy BRASS is made from copper and tin
false; bronze
TRUE OR FALSE: COPPER is a hard, silvery metal whose ions exhibit a variety of different color
false; chromium
TRUE OR FALSE: the major use of copper is in making COINS
false; electrical wiring
TRUE OR FALSE: most transition metals have high densities and LOW melting points
false; high
TRUE OR FALSE: hemoglobin contains the element COBALT
false; iron
TRUE OR FALSE: copper, PLATNIUM, and gold are coinage metals.
false; silver
hydrogen exists as a ___________ under normal conditions
gas
soft metal used in jewelry
gold
natural gas wells are a major source of todays
helium
there are no known compounds of
helium, neon, and argon
magnesium reacts with _________ ____________, which makes magnesium fires very hard to fight
hot water
_______________ is the most abundant element in the universe
hydrogen
Which of the following metals is not an alkali metal?
iron
a compound of hemoglobin
iron
alloyed with small amounts of carbon to form steel
iron
fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust
iron
least expensive of all the metals
iron
The purity of gold is expressed in
karats
a compound containing the alkali metal, _______________, is used to treat manic depression
lithium
members of the group 1a or alkali metals are ___________, ______________, ______________, ______________, _____________, and _______________
lithium, sodium, potassium, ribidium, cesium, and fracium
the alkali metals are shiny solids that are ________________, __________________, and ___________ ___________________ _____ _____________________
malleable, ductile, good conductors of electrcity
The ______________ that are the most reactive are found in the two column s- block of the periodic table
metals
in terms of mass, hydrogen is the ____________ most abundant element on earth
ninth
the formation of nitrogen compounds from nitrogen gas is called
nitrogen fixation
because the alkali metals are very reactive, they are ________ found as pure metals in nature
not
hydrogen has _______ valence electron
one
oxygen combines with most elements to form compounds called
oxides
the most reactive element is
Fluorine
why do the alkali metals have lower ionization energies than the alkanline earth metals?
The alkanline earth metals contain 2 electrons in their s- orbitals, requiring more energy to remove them.
all isotopes of actinides series are
radioactive
Which of the following alkaline earth metals is radioactive
radium
Alkali metals must be stored under oil because of their extreme
reactivity
Magnesium is produced commercially by
recovering it from sea water and mineral deposits
the most reactive metals are found in the _____ block of the periodic table
s
Calcium carbonate forms the ____________ of marine animals, such as oysters
shells
What is the major component of glass
silicon
The only alkali metal to be produced commercially in large is
sodium
the largest use of sulfur is in the production of
sulfuric acid
Why does sodium have a higher ionization energy than cesium?
the electrons in cesium are much farther away from the nucleus than in sodium thus are easier to remove
the lanthanides are similar to each other because
they all lose 3 electron, forming a +3 ion
The alkaline earth metals are not as reactive as the alkali metals because
they have higher ionization energies
the lanthanides are difficult to serparate from one another because
they occur together in nature and their properties are very similar
the only actinides that occur to any extent in nature are
thorium and uranium
TRUE OR FALSE: transition metals play an important role in LIVING ORGANISMS
true
all the elements after ____________ are artificial elements
uranium
Alkali metals cannot be used as structural metals because they are _______ _____________ elements
very reactive
Most of Earth's hydrogen is combined with oxygen as
water
alkali metals react with ___________ and __________
water, air
What percent of the earths atmosphere does nitrogen make up
80 percent
alkali metals have a what charge
+1
alkaline earth metals have a what charge
+2
hydrogen is placed at the top of group __________ column of elements
1A
the elements of the ______________ series are called lanthanides after the element lanthanum
4f
how did akanline earth metals get their name?
Alchemists in the middle ages used the term "earth" to refer to substances that were unchanged by fire.
why is beryllium a better choice than iron to use in an alloy for making airplanes?
Beryllium is very strong, but also lightweight. An alloy would be much heavier
TRUE OR FALSE: sterling silver is an alloy of silver and COPPER
True
