Chemistry Chapter 7
Metal atoms do not _______ a noble gas it still has the same number of _____ So it is still an _________ of the metallic element from which it formed
Become protons ion
The ____ _____ of an ion is the number of ions of _____ charges that surround the ion in its ____ ______
Coordination number opposite crystal structure
Steels - alloys of ___,____, and other elements
Fe C
The cation is always written _____ and the anion ________ in a formula unit
First second
______ tend to electrons until they are left with the electron configuration of a noble gas full ___ and ____ sub levels
Metals s p
Ionic compounds have an overall ______ charge the total positive charge is ___________/_____ by the total negative charge
Neutral balanced cancelled
;the gain of electrons by a _______/_______ atom produces an anion
Neutral nonmetallic
In general, metal atoms lose enough electrons to attain the electron configuration of a _____ ______
Noble gas
Some ions formed by transition metals do not have ____ ______ electron configurations (_________) and are therefore exceptions to the ____ ______ instead they form what are known as "_____ ____-______" electron configurations
Noble gas s2p2 octet rule pseudo noble gas
Although ionic charges are used to derive the correct formula unit hey are ____ shown when you write the formula unit
Not
Atoms and cations do ____ _____ the ______
Not act same
All of the elements within each group of the periodic table behave similarly because they have the same _______ ________ ______ ______
Number of valence electrons
In forming compounds atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas
Octet rule
The name of a cation is the _______ as the name of the ________ Example: Na+
Same element sodium cation
The valence electrons of metal atoms can be thought of as a ______ ___ _______ they are _____ and can _____ and move about ______
Sea of electrons mobile drift freely
Subscripts are always written in the most _____ whole number ratio possible in formulas
Simplified
The name of an anion of a nonmetallic element is not the same as the element name we keep the _____ of the element name and change the suffix to -______
Stem ide
What are the two classes of Alloys
Substitution Interstitial
_______ Alloys: Components in alloy about the _____ ______ can ______ each other in the _______
Substitutional same size replace crystal
To find the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element simply look at its ____ ______ ______
US group number
The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atom
Valence electrons
Because they have relatively ful ______ ______, atoms of nonmetallic elements attain noble gas electron configurations more easily by _______ electrons than by ______ electrons
Valence shells gaining losing
Ions with charges of _____ or higher are _____ common
3 less
If carbon and silicon are in group 4A how many valence electrons do they have
4
Mixtures composed of 2 or more elements at least one of which is a metal
Alloys
_______ are often useful because their _____ are _____ to those of a ____ metal
Alloys properties preferable pure
An atom's loss of valence electrons produces a _____ which is a ______ _______ ______
Cation positively charged ion
Valence electrons are usually the only electrons used in ______ ______
Chemical bonds
Shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance
Chemical formula
The cation and anion _____ in the ratio that gives an overall neutral _______ (no net charge)
Combine compound
Ionic _______ are Usually composed of ______ cations and ______ anions
Compounds metal nonmetal
Ionic ______ exist as a collection of _____ and _____ charged ______ arranged in ______ patterns
Compounds positively negatively ions repeating
Most metals have between ___ and ______ valence electrons which are easily ______
1 3 removed
Cations of group 1 elements always have a charge of _______ Cations of group 2 elements always have a charge of _______ Cations of group 13 elements always have a charge of _______
1+ 2+ 13+
All group 17 elements form anions with a charge of ______ All group 16 elements form anions with a charge of ______ All group 15 elements form anions with a charge of ______
1- 2- 3-
Coordination number example: In NaCl each sodium ion is surrounded by 6 chloride ions sodium has a coordinate number of _______. Each chloride ion is surrounded by six sodium ions so chlorine has a coordinate number or _____
6 6
Ex: Sterling silver is an ______ of Ag and Cu that's more _____ and harder than ______ silver but still _______
Alloy durable pure malleable
Crystalline structures in metals include: _____-______ cubic every atom has _____ neighbors ______-______ cubic every atom has _____ neighbors ________ _____-______ every atom has ____ neighbors Draw them
Body centered 8 Face centered 12 Hexagonal close packed 12
Ionic ______ form when there is a complete exchange (______/______) of _______
Bonds giving taking electrons
Metals are _________ in structure with atoms arranged in very _____ and _____ patterns
Crystalline compact orderly
Most ionic compounds are ______ ______ at room temperature
Crystalline solids
The component ions are arranged in repeating geometric 3D patterns
Crystalline solids
Diagrams that show valence electrons as dots When written each dot is alone until they have to double up
Electron dot structures
There are major ______ in the chemical properties of ______ and their cations
Differences metals
Ionic compounds can conduct an ____ _______ when ______ or dissolved
Electric current melted
The lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound
Formula unit
Atoms of nonmetals tend to _____ electrons to achieve a ______ _____
Gain complete octet
Ionic compounds generally have very ____ _____ points meaning they are _____ ______
High melting very stable
_____ Alloys: if atomic _____ are different the _______ atoms can _____ into the _______ between ______ atoms
Interstitial sizes smaller fit interstices (spaces) larger
Subscripts are used to indicate the number of each ____ in the compound
Ion
Electrostatic forces that hold ions together inn ionic compounds
Ionic bonds
Compounds composed of cations and anions ions
Ionic compounds
Steels are preferable to pure _____ because they are _____ ______, _______, ________, ________
Iron corrosion resistant ductile hardness tougher
Atoms of metals tend to _____ their valence electrons leaving a complete octet in the ______ _______ energy level.
Lose next lowest
Anions and cations have ______ charges and thus _____ one another this attraction leads to the formation of ______ _____
Opposite attract ionic bonds
Samples of pure metals are made of closely _____ ______ rather than _____ atoms
Packed cations neutral
The mobility of electrons explains many of the ________ of ______ They are good ________ of heat and electricity They are ______ can be drawn into _____ They are _____ can be _______ into shapes
Properties metals Conductor Ductile wires Malleable hammered
Becoming as stable as possible while losing only a ______ number of ______ is known as ____ _____-______
Reasonable electrons pseudo noble gas
Component ions in ionic compounds arrange themselves in such a way that ______ forces between like ion are _____ and _______ forces are ______ this is the most ______ possible arrangement
Repulsive minimized attractive maximized stable
For ________ metals the charges of cations may ____
Transition vary