Chemistry Chapter 7

Metal atoms do not _______ a noble gas it still has the same number of _____ So it is still an _________ of the metallic element from which it formed

Become protons ion

The ____ _____ of an ion is the number of ions of _____ charges that surround the ion in its ____ ______

Coordination number opposite crystal structure

Steels - alloys of ___,____, and other elements

Fe C

The cation is always written _____ and the anion ________ in a formula unit

First second

______ tend to electrons until they are left with the electron configuration of a noble gas full ___ and ____ sub levels

Metals s p

Ionic compounds have an overall ______ charge the total positive charge is ___________/_____ by the total negative charge

Neutral balanced cancelled

;the gain of electrons by a _______/_______ atom produces an anion

Neutral nonmetallic

In general, metal atoms lose enough electrons to attain the electron configuration of a _____ ______

Noble gas

Some ions formed by transition metals do not have ____ ______ electron configurations (_________) and are therefore exceptions to the ____ ______ instead they form what are known as "_____ ____-______" electron configurations

Noble gas s2p2 octet rule pseudo noble gas

Although ionic charges are used to derive the correct formula unit hey are ____ shown when you write the formula unit

Not

Atoms and cations do ____ _____ the ______

Not act same

All of the elements within each group of the periodic table behave similarly because they have the same _______ ________ ______ ______

Number of valence electrons

In forming compounds atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas

Octet rule

The name of a cation is the _______ as the name of the ________ Example: Na+

Same element sodium cation

The valence electrons of metal atoms can be thought of as a ______ ___ _______ they are _____ and can _____ and move about ______

Sea of electrons mobile drift freely

Subscripts are always written in the most _____ whole number ratio possible in formulas

Simplified

The name of an anion of a nonmetallic element is not the same as the element name we keep the _____ of the element name and change the suffix to -______

Stem ide

What are the two classes of Alloys

Substitution Interstitial

_______ Alloys: Components in alloy about the _____ ______ can ______ each other in the _______

Substitutional same size replace crystal

To find the number of valence electrons in an atom of a representative element simply look at its ____ ______ ______

US group number

The electrons in the highest occupied energy level of an element's atom

Valence electrons

Because they have relatively ful ______ ______, atoms of nonmetallic elements attain noble gas electron configurations more easily by _______ electrons than by ______ electrons

Valence shells gaining losing

Ions with charges of _____ or higher are _____ common

3 less

If carbon and silicon are in group 4A how many valence electrons do they have

4

Mixtures composed of 2 or more elements at least one of which is a metal

Alloys

_______ are often useful because their _____ are _____ to those of a ____ metal

Alloys properties preferable pure

An atom's loss of valence electrons produces a _____ which is a ______ _______ ______

Cation positively charged ion

Valence electrons are usually the only electrons used in ______ ______

Chemical bonds

Shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance

Chemical formula

The cation and anion _____ in the ratio that gives an overall neutral _______ (no net charge)

Combine compound

Ionic _______ are Usually composed of ______ cations and ______ anions

Compounds metal nonmetal

Ionic ______ exist as a collection of _____ and _____ charged ______ arranged in ______ patterns

Compounds positively negatively ions repeating

Most metals have between ___ and ______ valence electrons which are easily ______

1 3 removed

Cations of group 1 elements always have a charge of _______ Cations of group 2 elements always have a charge of _______ Cations of group 13 elements always have a charge of _______

1+ 2+ 13+

All group 17 elements form anions with a charge of ______ All group 16 elements form anions with a charge of ______ All group 15 elements form anions with a charge of ______

1- 2- 3-

Coordination number example: In NaCl each sodium ion is surrounded by 6 chloride ions sodium has a coordinate number of _______. Each chloride ion is surrounded by six sodium ions so chlorine has a coordinate number or _____

6 6

Ex: Sterling silver is an ______ of Ag and Cu that's more _____ and harder than ______ silver but still _______

Alloy durable pure malleable

Crystalline structures in metals include: _____-______ cubic every atom has _____ neighbors ______-______ cubic every atom has _____ neighbors ________ _____-______ every atom has ____ neighbors Draw them

Body centered 8 Face centered 12 Hexagonal close packed 12

Ionic ______ form when there is a complete exchange (______/______) of _______

Bonds giving taking electrons

Metals are _________ in structure with atoms arranged in very _____ and _____ patterns

Crystalline compact orderly

Most ionic compounds are ______ ______ at room temperature

Crystalline solids

The component ions are arranged in repeating geometric 3D patterns

Crystalline solids

Diagrams that show valence electrons as dots When written each dot is alone until they have to double up

Electron dot structures

There are major ______ in the chemical properties of ______ and their cations

Differences metals

Ionic compounds can conduct an ____ _______ when ______ or dissolved

Electric current melted

The lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound

Formula unit

Atoms of nonmetals tend to _____ electrons to achieve a ______ _____

Gain complete octet

Ionic compounds generally have very ____ _____ points meaning they are _____ ______

High melting very stable

_____ Alloys: if atomic _____ are different the _______ atoms can _____ into the _______ between ______ atoms

Interstitial sizes smaller fit interstices (spaces) larger

Subscripts are used to indicate the number of each ____ in the compound

Ion

Electrostatic forces that hold ions together inn ionic compounds

Ionic bonds

Compounds composed of cations and anions ions

Ionic compounds

Steels are preferable to pure _____ because they are _____ ______, _______, ________, ________

Iron corrosion resistant ductile hardness tougher

Atoms of metals tend to _____ their valence electrons leaving a complete octet in the ______ _______ energy level.

Lose next lowest

Anions and cations have ______ charges and thus _____ one another this attraction leads to the formation of ______ _____

Opposite attract ionic bonds

Samples of pure metals are made of closely _____ ______ rather than _____ atoms

Packed cations neutral

The mobility of electrons explains many of the ________ of ______ They are good ________ of heat and electricity They are ______ can be drawn into _____ They are _____ can be _______ into shapes

Properties metals Conductor Ductile wires Malleable hammered

Becoming as stable as possible while losing only a ______ number of ______ is known as ____ _____-______

Reasonable electrons pseudo noble gas

Component ions in ionic compounds arrange themselves in such a way that ______ forces between like ion are _____ and _______ forces are ______ this is the most ______ possible arrangement

Repulsive minimized attractive maximized stable

For ________ metals the charges of cations may ____

Transition vary