Chemistry Chapter One

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do (does) not change based on how much matter is present.

Melting point and boiling point

If you have to use a microscope in order to see the substances in a mixture, that mixture is __________

homogeneous

When sandpaper smooths a piece of wood, this is an example of a __________.

physical change

Which change can be easily be reversed?

physical change

The mass of an object is 6 kg on earth. On the moon the mass would be

6 kg

What is the first physical process to happen in distillation?

Evaporation

This is when molecules of two different substances cling together.

adhesion

A change in size, shape, or state of matter is a

physical change

A cube has a side of 5 cm. It has a mass of 250 grams. The density of the cube is

2.0 g/cm^3 and will sink in water

An 8 oz. empty glass is filled with ice. It has a mass of 254 grams. After the ice melts the total mass would be

254 grams

Fractional distillation seprate two liquids for which the difference in boiling point is less than

25K

Using the absolute temperature scale, the freezing point of water is correctly written as

273 K.

A large piece of rock salt is added to a test tube containing water. The level of water is marked and the test tube is sealed. After all the rock salt dissolves it is noted that the level of liquid is below the original marked level. What conclusion(s) can we draw from this experiment?

3) The density of salt water is greater than the density of pure water 4) the volume of the system has decreased as a result of a physical change.

A graduated cylinder is filled with 50cc. of water. A glass stopper is dropped into the graduated cylinder. The volume now reads 65.4 cc. If we know glass has a density of 2.5 g/cm3, what would we expect the mass of the stopper to be closest to?

38.5 grams

There are approximately _____ naturally occurring elements

90

A change in which a substance with new properties is formed.

Chemical change

is to separate the colours in food dyes.

Chromatography

Which of the following mixtures could NOT be separated into its components by DECANTING.

Coffee in hot water

is to obtain the sediment from a suspension.

Decanting

Matter can be changed into what?

Energy

_______________ is the ability to do work?

Energy

Which of these describes a chemical change?

Gasoline burns in an engine to form carbon dioxide and water.

What is not a physical property of paper?

It burns.

The two temperature scales with the same interval step size are the

Kelvin and Celsius.

What property stays the same during physical and chemical changes?

Mass

___ is the amount of matter an object has

Mass

The ability of a metal to be drawn out into thin wires is a

Physical property

Substance A has a higher specific heat than substance B. With all other factors equal, which requires the most energy to heat equal masses of A and B to the same temperature?

Substance A.

As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid state, it

absorbs heat as the temperature increases.

Which one of the following statements best describes the particles in a gas?

They are moving very fast and are far apart.

There are three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Select one property that liquids and gases have in common.

They can flow, therefore, called fluids

Energy comes in all different forms

True

Particles in a liquid can move or slide past one another.

True

There are more compounds than elements

True

A graduated cylinder contains 100 ml of a liquid. The mass of the graduated cylinder with the liquid is 145 grams.The mass of the graduated cylinder when empty is 45 grams. The liquid is most likely

Water

In which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them?

Which one of the following statements best describes the particles in a gas?

A chemical formula for a molecular compound represents the composition of

a molecule

When a solid, liquid, or a gas changes from one physical state to another, the change is called

a phase change

A compound is

a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances.

An example of a chemical property is __________.

ability to burn

Metal solutions are commonly called ___________.

alloys

Mass and volume depend on the __________ of matter present.

amount

Color and shape describe the __________ of matter.

appearance

Particles of a liquid

are free to move in a container but remain in close contact with one another.

The smallest unit of an element that has all the basic properties of the element is called a(n)

atom

The temperature of a gas is proportional to the

average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

Fractional Distillation is a effective way to seprate two miscible liquids which differ in

boiling points

Which is not a clue that could indicate a chemical change?

change in shape

When you observe a chemical property, the substance __________.

changes

Baking soda fizzing when lemon juice is added to it.

chemical change

Milk turning chunky when vinegar is added to it.

chemical change

Zinc when immersed in Hydrocholoric Acid produces hydrogen gas.

chemical change

A technique that separates a mixture based on the individual substance's tendency to travel across a surface is called

chromatography

Permanent marker ink is best separated by which process?

chromatography

This is when molecules of the same substance cling together

cohesion

If you wanted to separate iron filings from sand, you would use a

colander or sieve

A __________ is a heterogeneous mixture that never settles.

colloid

A(n) __________ is a substance in which all the exact combinations of elements are always the same.)

compound

The heat transfer that takes place by energy moving directly from molecule to molecule is called

conduction.

Rock candy is made by a separation process called

crystallization

The formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution is called

crystallization

Physical properties are _________________; they describe how a substance looks. (1 point)

descriptors

A large and a small container of water with the same temperature have

different amounts of heat.

is a separation technique that uses the boiling points of various substances to separate mixtures.

distillation

is to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points.

distillation

When you observe a physical property, the substance __________.

does not change

A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical means is called a(n)

element

A(n) __________ is a substance in which all the atoms in it are alike.

element

Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect

energy movement from higher temperature regions.

Two degree intervals on the Celsius temperature scale are

equivalent to 3.6 Fahrenheit

Which of the following is a process representing a physical change?

evaporation of water

For most substances, the distance between particles is smallest when the substance ____.

exists as a solid

I put dirty water into a funnel with a paper lining. Clean water comes out of the funnel into my beaker and solid dirt gets left behind on the paper. This is an example of

filtering sieving

Suspensions are best separated by which process?

filtration

The process used to separate heterogeneous mixtures of solids and liquids is called

filtration

Which of these is not a physical property of a substance?

flammability

If we use the units of grams (g.)for mass and cubic centimeters (cm3) for volume, then the units for density will be

g/cm^3

Evaporation means going from a liquid to a

gas

The state of matter that has no definite volume or shape is

gas

Select the response that lists only physical changes.

griding chalk, meling ice, breaking glass

he state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is

liquid

With all other factors equal, the most likely to burn your mouth when taken directly from an oven is a food with

lower specific heat.

A true statement about mass is that

mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance.

Sea water, smog, and brass are all examples of

mixtures

The kinetic molecular theory explains the expansion of a solid material with increases of temperature as basically the result of

molecules moving a little farther apart

Oil floats on water. The most accurate reason for this is

oil is both less dense and immiscible with water

A volatile liquid is one that

readily evaporates

As a solid goes through a phase change to a liquid, heat is absorbed and the temperature

remains the same

Suspensions have large particles, which causes them to _________ out over time.

settle

is to separate a mixture containing two solids with different sized particles.

sieving

Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?

soft drink

Molecules are closest together in a

solid

The state of matter that has a definite volume and shape is

solid

A solution has two parts. One is the dissolving medium, commonly known as the solvent. What is the name of the medium that actually dissolves?

solute

There are two types of heterogeneous mixtures that contain substances that exist in distinct phases. They are called colloids and suspensions. What is a distinguishing factor between colloids and suspension?

solute particle size

Another name for a homogenous mixture is a ______________.

solution

From smallest to largest, which is the correct order of particle sizes for mixtures?

solutions < colloids < suspensions

The two most important properties of all matter are

taking up space and having mass.

The quantity known as specific heat is

the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius.

A large and a small container of water with the same temperature have

the same amount of average kinetic energy

An atom is

the smallest unit of a compound

Liquids have the ability to flow because

their particles can slide over each other.

Liquid water is more dense than ice because

there are a greater number of H20 molecules per unit of volume in liquid water than ice.

All mixtures can be separated, whether homogenous or heterogeneous.

true


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