Chemistry Chapter One
do (does) not change based on how much matter is present.
Melting point and boiling point
If you have to use a microscope in order to see the substances in a mixture, that mixture is __________
homogeneous
When sandpaper smooths a piece of wood, this is an example of a __________.
physical change
Which change can be easily be reversed?
physical change
The mass of an object is 6 kg on earth. On the moon the mass would be
6 kg
What is the first physical process to happen in distillation?
Evaporation
This is when molecules of two different substances cling together.
adhesion
A change in size, shape, or state of matter is a
physical change
A cube has a side of 5 cm. It has a mass of 250 grams. The density of the cube is
2.0 g/cm^3 and will sink in water
An 8 oz. empty glass is filled with ice. It has a mass of 254 grams. After the ice melts the total mass would be
254 grams
Fractional distillation seprate two liquids for which the difference in boiling point is less than
25K
Using the absolute temperature scale, the freezing point of water is correctly written as
273 K.
A large piece of rock salt is added to a test tube containing water. The level of water is marked and the test tube is sealed. After all the rock salt dissolves it is noted that the level of liquid is below the original marked level. What conclusion(s) can we draw from this experiment?
3) The density of salt water is greater than the density of pure water 4) the volume of the system has decreased as a result of a physical change.
A graduated cylinder is filled with 50cc. of water. A glass stopper is dropped into the graduated cylinder. The volume now reads 65.4 cc. If we know glass has a density of 2.5 g/cm3, what would we expect the mass of the stopper to be closest to?
38.5 grams
There are approximately _____ naturally occurring elements
90
A change in which a substance with new properties is formed.
Chemical change
is to separate the colours in food dyes.
Chromatography
Which of the following mixtures could NOT be separated into its components by DECANTING.
Coffee in hot water
is to obtain the sediment from a suspension.
Decanting
Matter can be changed into what?
Energy
_______________ is the ability to do work?
Energy
Which of these describes a chemical change?
Gasoline burns in an engine to form carbon dioxide and water.
What is not a physical property of paper?
It burns.
The two temperature scales with the same interval step size are the
Kelvin and Celsius.
What property stays the same during physical and chemical changes?
Mass
___ is the amount of matter an object has
Mass
The ability of a metal to be drawn out into thin wires is a
Physical property
Substance A has a higher specific heat than substance B. With all other factors equal, which requires the most energy to heat equal masses of A and B to the same temperature?
Substance A.
As a solid undergoes a phase change to a liquid state, it
absorbs heat as the temperature increases.
Which one of the following statements best describes the particles in a gas?
They are moving very fast and are far apart.
There are three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Select one property that liquids and gases have in common.
They can flow, therefore, called fluids
Energy comes in all different forms
True
Particles in a liquid can move or slide past one another.
True
There are more compounds than elements
True
A graduated cylinder contains 100 ml of a liquid. The mass of the graduated cylinder with the liquid is 145 grams.The mass of the graduated cylinder when empty is 45 grams. The liquid is most likely
Water
In which state of matter do the particles spread apart and fill all the space available to them?
Which one of the following statements best describes the particles in a gas?
A chemical formula for a molecular compound represents the composition of
a molecule
When a solid, liquid, or a gas changes from one physical state to another, the change is called
a phase change
A compound is
a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances.
An example of a chemical property is __________.
ability to burn
Metal solutions are commonly called ___________.
alloys
Mass and volume depend on the __________ of matter present.
amount
Color and shape describe the __________ of matter.
appearance
Particles of a liquid
are free to move in a container but remain in close contact with one another.
The smallest unit of an element that has all the basic properties of the element is called a(n)
atom
The temperature of a gas is proportional to the
average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
Fractional Distillation is a effective way to seprate two miscible liquids which differ in
boiling points
Which is not a clue that could indicate a chemical change?
change in shape
When you observe a chemical property, the substance __________.
changes
Baking soda fizzing when lemon juice is added to it.
chemical change
Milk turning chunky when vinegar is added to it.
chemical change
Zinc when immersed in Hydrocholoric Acid produces hydrogen gas.
chemical change
A technique that separates a mixture based on the individual substance's tendency to travel across a surface is called
chromatography
Permanent marker ink is best separated by which process?
chromatography
This is when molecules of the same substance cling together
cohesion
If you wanted to separate iron filings from sand, you would use a
colander or sieve
A __________ is a heterogeneous mixture that never settles.
colloid
A(n) __________ is a substance in which all the exact combinations of elements are always the same.)
compound
The heat transfer that takes place by energy moving directly from molecule to molecule is called
conduction.
Rock candy is made by a separation process called
crystallization
The formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution is called
crystallization
Physical properties are _________________; they describe how a substance looks. (1 point)
descriptors
A large and a small container of water with the same temperature have
different amounts of heat.
is a separation technique that uses the boiling points of various substances to separate mixtures.
distillation
is to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points.
distillation
When you observe a physical property, the substance __________.
does not change
A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form by ordinary chemical means is called a(n)
element
A(n) __________ is a substance in which all the atoms in it are alike.
element
Anytime a temperature difference occurs, you can expect
energy movement from higher temperature regions.
Two degree intervals on the Celsius temperature scale are
equivalent to 3.6 Fahrenheit
Which of the following is a process representing a physical change?
evaporation of water
For most substances, the distance between particles is smallest when the substance ____.
exists as a solid
I put dirty water into a funnel with a paper lining. Clean water comes out of the funnel into my beaker and solid dirt gets left behind on the paper. This is an example of
filtering sieving
Suspensions are best separated by which process?
filtration
The process used to separate heterogeneous mixtures of solids and liquids is called
filtration
Which of these is not a physical property of a substance?
flammability
If we use the units of grams (g.)for mass and cubic centimeters (cm3) for volume, then the units for density will be
g/cm^3
Evaporation means going from a liquid to a
gas
The state of matter that has no definite volume or shape is
gas
Select the response that lists only physical changes.
griding chalk, meling ice, breaking glass
he state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is
liquid
With all other factors equal, the most likely to burn your mouth when taken directly from an oven is a food with
lower specific heat.
A true statement about mass is that
mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance.
Sea water, smog, and brass are all examples of
mixtures
The kinetic molecular theory explains the expansion of a solid material with increases of temperature as basically the result of
molecules moving a little farther apart
Oil floats on water. The most accurate reason for this is
oil is both less dense and immiscible with water
A volatile liquid is one that
readily evaporates
As a solid goes through a phase change to a liquid, heat is absorbed and the temperature
remains the same
Suspensions have large particles, which causes them to _________ out over time.
settle
is to separate a mixture containing two solids with different sized particles.
sieving
Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
soft drink
Molecules are closest together in a
solid
The state of matter that has a definite volume and shape is
solid
A solution has two parts. One is the dissolving medium, commonly known as the solvent. What is the name of the medium that actually dissolves?
solute
There are two types of heterogeneous mixtures that contain substances that exist in distinct phases. They are called colloids and suspensions. What is a distinguishing factor between colloids and suspension?
solute particle size
Another name for a homogenous mixture is a ______________.
solution
From smallest to largest, which is the correct order of particle sizes for mixtures?
solutions < colloids < suspensions
The two most important properties of all matter are
taking up space and having mass.
The quantity known as specific heat is
the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius.
A large and a small container of water with the same temperature have
the same amount of average kinetic energy
An atom is
the smallest unit of a compound
Liquids have the ability to flow because
their particles can slide over each other.
Liquid water is more dense than ice because
there are a greater number of H20 molecules per unit of volume in liquid water than ice.
All mixtures can be separated, whether homogenous or heterogeneous.
true
