Chemistry: Chemical Reactions

Bubbles are released when hydrobromic acid (HBr) is added to a solution of ammonium sulfide. Aqueous ammonium bromide also forms.

2H(aq) + S(aq) ---> H2S(g)

Solid mercury(II) oxide breaks down when heated, forming the elements mercury and oxygen.

2HgO(s) ----> 2Hg(l) + O2(g)

Sodium metal reacts with water vapor in air to form solid sodium hydroxide and hydrogen.

2Na(s) + 2H2O(g) ---> 2NaOH(s) + H2(g)

In the first step of refining zinc metal from its zinc sulfide ore, the ore is heated in the presence of oxygen. The products are solid zinc oxide and sulfur dioxide gas.

2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) ---> 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g)

Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and lithium hydroxide react to form a salt and water.

3H(aq) + 3OH(aq) ---> 3H2O(l)

Does the following equation represent a combustion reaction, a synthesis reaction, or both? Explain your answer. 2C(g) +O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + Δ

Both. Synthesis: Two reactants combine to form one product. Combustion: Oxygen is a reactant and energy is released.

calcium and water

Ca(s) + H2O(l) ---> CaO(s) + H2(g)

Solid calcium carbonate is commonly used in antacids because it reacts with the hydrochloric acid found in the stomach. The products of this reaction are aqueous calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water.

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) ---> CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Propane is a common household fuel. When burned, water and carbon dioxide are produced.

Combustion

Steel wool burns, forming an iron oxide.

Combustion and Synthesis

CsOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) --->

Cs2SO4(aq) + H2O(l)

QT → Q + T

Decomposition

When an electric current is passed through molten potassium bromide, potassium and bromine form.

Decomposition

Lime is added to acid water in a lake. Water and a salt form.

Double-Replacement

QT + XZ → QZ+ XT

Double-Replacement

What type of reaction occurs between ions present in aqueous solution?

Double-Replacement

When solutions of sodium iodide and lead nitrate are combined, a yellow solid forms.

Double-Replacement

When soap is added to hard water, solid soap scum forms. When water is added to baking powder, carbon dioxide bubbles form. When lemon juice is added to household ammonia solution, water is one of the products. Tell how you know a double-replacement reaction has occurred in each case.

Either a solid precipitate, a gas, or water was formed indicating that a double replacement reaction has taken place

fluorine and potassium iodide

F2(g) + 2KI(s) ---> I2(s) + 2KF(s)

HBr(aq) + KOH(aq) --->

H2O(l) + KBr(aq)

Explain how you can use an activity series to determine whether a single-replacement

If an element is added to a compound, a reaction will occur if the free element is higher on the activity series than the one it is replacing

Why is it sometimes incorrect to state that a compound is broken down into its component elements in a decomposition reaction?

In a decomposition reaction a compound breaks down into simpler substances, not necessarily elements

K2S(aq) + HCl(aq) --->

KCl(aq) + H2S(l)

magnesium bromide and chlorine

MgBr2(aq) + Cl2(g) ---> MgCl2(aq) + Br2(l)

HNO3(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) --->

NaNO3(g) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

A drinking glass breaks into smaller pieces.

No Chem Reaction

A piece of ice melts.

No Chem Reaction

Molten candle wax solidifies.

No Chem Reaction

copper and iron(III) sulfate

No Reaction

magnesium and water

No Reaction

rubidium and lithium chloride

No Reaction

silver and calcium nitrate

No Reaction

NaI(aq) + Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) --->

PbI(s) + NaC2H3O2(aq)

The fuel for the space shuttle is hydrogen, which burns in oxygen to produce water vapor and energy. In this chemical reaction, hydrogen is a(n) _______, oxygen is a(n) ________, and water vapor is a(n) _________. In a chemical equation for this reaction, a(n) _________ is used to separate hydrogen and oxygen from water vapor and energy. A(n) ________ is used to separate the symbols for hydrogen and oxygen. A(n) (14) symbol is used to tell the state of hydrogen in the reaction, a(n) ________ symbol is used for the state of oxygen, and a(n) _________ symbol is used for the state of water vapor.

Reactant, Reactant, Product, Arrow, Plus Sign, (g), (g), (g)

Certain pollutants in the air react with water vapor to form acids. For example, sulfur trioxide reacts with water vapor to form sulfuric acid.

SO3(g) + H2O(g) ---> H2SO4(aq)

When solutions of magnesium sulfate and calcium chloride are mixed, calcium sulfate precipitates.

SO4(aq) + Ca(aq) ---> CaSO4(s)

Chlorine gas is bubbled through a calcium bromide solution. The solution turns brown, the color of bromine.

Single-Replacement

Q +XZ → X + QZ

Single-Replacement

A spoonful of sodium chloride is dissolved in a liter of water. What is sodium chloride in this solution?

Solute

In an aqueous solution, water is the

Solvent

What type of ions are present in solution but are not actually involved in a chemical reaction?

Spectator

Which of the following gases is not commonly produced in a double-replacement reaction?

Sulfur Dioxide

Aluminum lawn furniture becomes coated with a layer of aluminum oxide when it sits out in the air.

Synthesis

Q + Z → QZ

Synthesis

If hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide react, what is the product of the net ionic equation for the reaction?

Water

A tomato smells rotten.

Yes Chem Reaction

Baking powder produces a gas that makes a cake rise.

Yes Chem Reaction

Candle wax burns.

Yes Chem Reaction

Drain cleaner is mixed with water and the solution becomes warm.

Yes Chem Reaction

Green leaves turn yellow and red as the seasons change.

Yes Chem Reaction

The next step of refining zinc involves heating the zinc oxide in the presence of carbon. This reaction produces zinc vapor and carbon monoxide gas.

ZnO(s) + C(s) ---> Zn(g) + CO(g)

Bubbles are released when nitric acid (HNO3) is added to a potassium carbonate solution.

2H(aq) + CO3(aq) ---> H2O(l) + CO2(g)

potassium and aluminum oxide

6K(s) + Al2O3(s) ---> 2Al(s) + 3K2O(s)

Compounds that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions are

Acids