Chemistry Final 1 (copy)
Cosmic rays are high energy radiation from outer space. What is the frequency of a cosmic ray that has a wavelength of 2.67 x 10^13 m when it reaches Earth?
1.12 x 10^21 Hz
What is the energy of a form of radiation with a frequency of 2.35x10^20 Hz?
1.56 x 10^-13 J
How many electrons can a d sublevel hold?
10
Of 4.5g of X reacts with 34.5g of Y to form compound XY, what is the percent mass of X in the compound?
12%
Iodine with an atomic mass of 128 goes through beta decay. What is the atomic mass now?
128
How many electrons can an f sublevel hold?
14
In the ionic solid lithium chloride (LiCl), what is the ratio?
1:1
What is the electron configuration of hydrogen?
1s1
What is the electron configuration of Bromine?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5
How many electrons can an orbital contain?
2
Uranium with an atomic mass of 238 and atomic number of 92 goes through alpha decay. What is the atomic mass now?
234
What is the ratio of aluminum ions to oxygen ions in the ionic compound aluminum oxide?
2:3
What is the energy of a single photon of light from hydrogen's 656 nm emission? Use h=6.626 x 10^34 Js and c=3x10^8 m/s
3.03x10^-19
How many electrons will be in the electron dot structure of Phosphorus?
5
A sample of sucrose has 16.88g of carbon, 2.6g of hydrogen and 20.52g of oxygen. What is the percent mass of hydrogen?
6.5%
A 13.5g sample of an unknown compound contains 1g of oxygen, what is the percent mass of oxygen in the compound?
7%
What is the wavelength of a radio wave that has a frequency of 3.75 x 10^7 Hz? Use h=6.626 x 10^34 Js and c=3x10^8 m/s
8m
What is a binary molecule compound?
A molecule composed of only 2 elements
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's chemical composition is ____
A physical property
Alloy
A solution of solids
An explanation supported by man experiments is what?
A theory
A mixture of a metal and at least one other element is called
Alloy
Which type of radioactive decay particle has an atomic mass of 4?
Alpha
A positive ion forms when
An atom loses one or more valence electrons
What is an electron dot structure?
An element symbol surrounded by dots representing its valence electrons
Which type of radioactive decay particle has a negative charge?
Beta
Which type of radioactive decay transforms a neutron into a proton?
Beta
Why are beta particles deflected more than alpha particles in an electric field?
Beta particles are much less massive than alpha particles
Which isotope would have the following criteria: 6 protons, 6 electrons, 7 neutrons
Carbon-13
Which element (with a neutral atom) has 17 electrons?
Chlorine
Which type of separation technique is based on the ability of each component traveling or being drawn across a surface at different rates?
Chromatography
If Fe2O3 is a combination of iron and oxygen. Fe2O3 is an example of a ____
Compound
In the following reaction, what are the reactants in 2Cu + O2 —> 2CuO ?
Copper and oxygen
Sterling silver is known as a substitutional alloy because
Copper atoms replace some of the silver atoms in the metallic crystal
The wavelength of a wave is measured from
Crest to crest
Which of the following is NOT a chemical change?
Freezing of water
Which electromagnetic wave has photons of the highest energy?
Gamma Ray
Which electromagnetic wave has the highest frequency?
Gamma ray
Which type of radioactive decay is composed of just energy and has no mass?
Gamma ray
A form of matter that fills the entire volume of its container is a ____
Gas
A vapor is a ____?
Gas
Which phase of matter is compressible?
Gas
The time required for one half of a radioisotope nuclei to decay into its product daughter material is
Half life
Isotopes are similar in that they:
Have the same number of protons
Which of the following properties of metals is best explained by the sea of electrons model of metals?
Heat conductivity
Which element normally has 2 neutrons?
Helium
Periods
Horizontal rows
Which isotope would have the following criteria: 1 proton, 1 electron, 2 neutrons
Hydrogen-3
Which statement about electronegativity difference is NOT correct?
If the difference is greater than 1.7, it is polar covalent
An alloy in which small holes in a metallic crystal are filled with smaller atoms
Interstitial alloy
What type of bond will form between the following atoms: Ca and O
Ionic
Ionic crystals have high melting points and high boiling points because
Ionic bonds are relatively strong
What is the name of the ionic compound Fe2(SO4)3?
Iron (III) sulfate
Then energy required to separate 1 mol of ions of an ionic compound is referred to as
Lattice energy
The statement, "Mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction" is the _____
Law of conservation of mass
Which laws states that a compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass?
Law of definite proportions
A form of matter that fills the shape of whatever container it occupies but doesn't change volume is a _____
Liquid
Which of the following is not a physical property of ionic solids that are linked to ionic bonds
Low melting points
The measure of the amount of matter is
Mass
What is not a characteristic of waves?
Mass
Which of the following is not evidence of a chemical reaction?
Melting
Which of the following is a correct description of a metallic property?
Metals are malleable
What kind of ion is the iodide ion (1-)?
Monatomic anions
What forms when more than one pair of electrons are shared between two atoms because each atom needs more than one electron to form an octet?
Multiple bond
What subatomic particle has the neutral charge?
Neutron
What type of bond will form between the following atoms: N and N
Nonpolar
The central, small, dense part of the atom is called
Nucleus
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
Oil and water
Single covalent bonds have
One sigma bond
Double covalent bonds have which two:
One sigma bond and one pi bond
How many naturally occurring elements are found on Earth?
Over 91
Which is not an assumption made when calculating ages in radioisotope dating?
Oxygen causes accelerated decay
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Neon are in the same ____
Period
The phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from a metal's surface when light of a certain frequency, or higher than a certain frequency shines on a surface is called the ____
Photoelectric Effect
A massless bundle that carries a quantum of energy is called ___
Photon
Is a change in phase a physical or chemical change?
Physical
What type of bond is a parallel overlap of p orbitals?
Pi bond
What type of bond will form between the following atoms: C and H
Polar covalent
What type of bond will form between the following atoms: H and S
Polar covalent
In the following chemical reaction, how would you classify water? 2H2 + O2 —> 2H2O
Product
Which subatomic particle causes the deflection of the alpha particles in Rutherford's gold foil experiment?
Proton
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Protons
Information that describes color, odor, shape, or some other physical appearance
Qualitative
Information that is numerical describing how much, how little, how big, how tall, or how fast
Quantitative
The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
Quantum
Which electromagnetic wave has the longest wavelength?
Radio
What is a systematic approach used in scientific study; an organized process used by scientists to do research and to certify the work of others
Scientific method
What type of bond is a single covalent bond formed from the direct overlap of orbitals?
Sigma bond
Which of the following makes use of the photoelectric effect?
Solar power cells
Which of the following is a pure substance?
Steam
Which of the following is a vapor?
Steam
Which of the following are compounds?
Steel water
Matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition is a ____
Substance
An alloy in which the original metallic solid is replaced by other metals of similar atomic size
Substitutional alloy
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
Tearing
Why does the 4s orbital begin to fill before the 3d orbital?
The 4s orbital is at a lower level of energy
The letter, n, signifies
The atom's major energy levels
Why is the calcium ion (Ca2+) more stable than a calcium atom (Ca)?
The calcium ion has a noble gas configuration
Which is NOT an exception to the octet rule?
The central atom has 8 electrons around it
What is the lowest energy state of an atom called?
The ground state
When naming binary acids, the elements name is used with hydro- as a prefix and -ic as a suffix and acid at the end
True
When naming oxyacids, -ite is replaced with -ous, and -ate is replaced with -ic
True
delocalized electrons can move through a solid metal to conduct electricity
True
Why must the two arrows within a single block of an orbital diagram be written in opposite directions?
Two electrons occupying a single atomic orbital must have opposite spins
Triple covalent bonds have which two:
Two pi bonds and one sigma bond
A theory based on the repulsive nature of electron pairs around a central atom that is used to determine molecular geometry
VSEPR model
Electrons in the atom's outermost orbitals, generally those orbitals associated with the highest energy principle energy levels are
Valence electrons
Ion
Variation of electrons
Isotope
Variation of neutrons
Iodine with an atomic mass of 128 goes through beta decay. What element is it now?
Xenon
Which element contains 30 protons?
Zinc
What is the noble gas notation of the electron configuration of Calcium?
[Ar]4s2
What is the electron configuration of tin (Sn)?
[Kr]5s2 4d10 5p2
The concept that all moving particles have wave characteristics is attributed to ____
de Broglie
A technique that uses the difference in boiling points to separate homogeneous mixtures is ___
distillation
_________ is anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
Uranium is a naturally occurring element that emits particles and rays spontaneously through a process called
radioactivity
The following formula is a correct formula: ammonium sulfate, NH4SO4
False
The following formula is a correct formula: silver carbonate AgCO3
False
The sun uses nuclear fission of hydrogen to create massive amounts of energy
False
When light energy is absorbed by an electron, it causes it to move from the excited state to the ground state
False
When naming oxyacids, hydro is used as the prefix
False
A technique that uses a porous barrier or filter to separate heterogeneous mixture is?
Filtration
Oxygen with a 2+ charge has only 6 electrons
True
Protons and electrons have an equal and opposite charge
True
Pure substances include elements and compounds
True
Radiation is the emission of rays and particles by a substance
True
Rutherford's nuclear atomic model described the atom having a central positively charged nucleus.
True
Strong attractions between positive and negative ions in an ionic compound form a crystal lattice
True
The atomic bomb used nuclear fission in its process to release a huge amount of energy
True
The atomic mass unit is equal is 1/12th the mass of a carbon atom
True
The charge of an electron was discovered by a cathode ray tube
True
The d orbitals are mostly clover shaped
True
The following formula is a correct formula: Potassium hypochlorite, KClO
True
The following formula is a correct formula: aluminum phosphate, AlPO4
True
The following formula is a correct formula: iron (II) sulfite, FeSO3
True
The following formula is a correct formula: magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2
True
The higher the electron affinity and ionization energy, the more easily an atom gains electrons
True
The p sublevel orbitals are dumbbell shaped and can hold a total of 6 electrons
True
The primary factor in determining an atom's stability is its neutron to proton ratio
True
To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass
True
What charge is carried by a gamma ray?
0
When drawing electron dot structures, the dots begin to the right of the element symbol and you add them in a clockwise fashion
False
How many electrons will be in an electron dot structure of Potassium?
1
Electrons in the electron sea of a metal are known as ____ electrons
Delocalized
Which is an intensive property?
Density
In what sequence do electrons fill the atomic orbitals related to a sublevel?
Each orbital must contain a single electron before any orbital contains two electrons
An ionic compound that will conduct an electric current when it forms an aqueous solution is an
Electrolyte
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself is called:
Electronegativity
A pure substance that cannot be separated into simple substances by physical or chemical means are:
Elements
An atom that has more than 8 electrons surrounding it, involving the s orbital, p orbital and one or two d orbitals
Expanded octet
Properties that are dependent on the amount of a substance present are:
Extensive properties
A binary acid contains hydrogen, oxygen, and one other element
False
A negative ion forms when an atoms loses electrons
False
A photon has mass
False
A polar molecule has no partial charge, while a nonpolar molecule has a concentration on one side of the molecule
False
A single covalent bond shares two pairs of electrons between atoms
False
As bond length increases, bond dissociation energy (the energy to break the bond) increases
False
Cathode rays are deflected toward a negatively charged plate in an electric field
False
Cations are negatively charged
False
Chlorine with a -1 charge would have 16 electrons
False
Electromagnetic waves travel at various speeds
False
Electronegativity decreases from left to right in a period and increases top to bottom in a group
False
Fission is a process in which a nucleus is formed by combining two or more nuclei
False
Larger ions produce greater interionic attractions and greater lattice energies
False
Metals are not malleable and ductile
False
Noble gases are unstable and easily gain and lose electrons
False
Protons are the fundamental building blocks of nature.
False
Pure substances in include heterogenous and homogenous mixtures
False
Resonance is when only one correct Lewis structure can be written for a molecule
False
The Bohr model of the atom described electrons as having a wave like characteristics, whereas the de Broglie model described electron orbitals as concentric circles
False
The charge on an alpha particle is +1
False
Explain why the zinc 2+ ion has some stability
The zinc ion has full s, p, and d sub levels to form a pseudo-noble gas configuration
Uranium with an atomic mass of 238 and atomic number of 92 goes through alpha decay. What element has Uranium decayed to now?
Thorium
A coordinate covalent bond occurs when one atom donates a pair of electrons to be shared with an atom or ion that needs two electrons
True
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons
True
A metallic bond forms when metal cations attract freely moving, delocalized valence electrons
True
A polar covalent bond has unequal sharing of electrons. The electrons are pulled toward one of the atoms, generating partial charges on the ends.
True
A polar molecule has a greater electron density on one side of the molecule
True
Albert Einstein proposed that light has a dual nature, particle, and wave
True
An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms
True
An oxyacid contains hydrogen, another element, and oxygen
True
Atomic Emission spectrum of an element can be used to identify the element
True
Chemical bonds form when a positive nucleus attracts electrons of another atom or oppositely charged ions attract
True
Coffee is a homogenous mixture
True
Dalton was the first to propose modern atomic theory
True
Halogens are more likely to form ions because they only need to gain one electron to have a noble gas configuration, or a fuel octet
True
Homogenous mixtures are also known as solutions
True
In an electron orbital, the boundary encloses the volume in which the electron is found 90% of the time
True
In radioactive decay, the daughter material is the final decayed product of the parent isotope
True
In the electron sea model, electrons move through the metallic crystal and aren't held by any particular atom
True