Chemistry Final
the enthalpy of formation of compound x is -600 kJ/mol, and the sole product of its combustion has a enthalpy of a formation of -680kJ/mol. what is the enthalpy of combustion of compound X
-80 kJ/mol
please show the expression that represents the pH of a solution
-log[H₃O⁺]
the pH scale in general use ranges from what number to what
0-14
what is the concentration of H₃O⁺ions in pure water
1x 10⁻⁷ M
please show a few examples of a thermochemical equation
2H₂(g) + 20₂(g) →H₂O(g) + 843.6 kJ CaCO₃+ 176 kJ → CaO(s) + CO₂(g)
a pressure of 720 mm Hg equals what in pascals and torr
95992.10526 Pascal (Pa)
what is the small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation?
Coefficient
what is the symbol for free energy change
Delta G
what is the enthalpy of the formation of heptane, C₇H₁₆
Delta Hf°= -198.4kJ
Please name a few weak electrolytes
H,HC₂H₃O₂(acetic acid), H₂CO₃(carbonic acid), H₃PO₄(phosphoric acid), and many more
please name a few binary acids
HBr, HF, HCI, HI
in writing a chemical equation that produces hydrogen gas, what is the correct representation of hydrogen gas?
H₂
please name some amphoteric compounds
H₂O, HPO₄²⁻
what is the molarity of a HCI solution if 20.o mL is neutralized in titration by 30.0 mL of 0.500 M NaOH
M₁ x V₁= M₂ x V₂ given:M₁,V₁,V₂ unknown: M₂ M₂= M₁xV₁/V₂ M₂= (o.500M)x(30.0mL)/(20.0mL)
which of the following pairs of solutions produces a precipitate when combined and why KOH and NH₄CI, Na₂SO₄ and KCI, Fe(NO)₃ and KCI, NH₄CI and AgNO₃
NH₄CI and AgNO₃
what is the symbol for entropy
S
the equation A + BX → Ax + B is the general equation for a
Single-displacement reaction
please name a few substances that have a high entropy
Steam, atmospheric gases, most all gases
how do you know when a chemical equation is balanced?
When the same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and in the products
to calculate the pH of a solution whose [OH⁻] is known, one must first calculate
[H₃O⁺]
be able to balance chemical equations by adjusting coefficients
_O₂ ↔ O₄ , 2O₂↔ O₄
what makes an acid a chloric acid
acid containing CI⁻ anions
enthalpy change is the
amount of energy absorbed or lost by a system as energy is the form of heat during a process at constant pressure
what assumption of KMT is not true for non-ideal, or real gases
an ideal gas is hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all of the assumptions of the KMT a real gas does not obey all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory
the members of a conjugate acid-base pair appear where in a chemical equation
appear on opposite sides of the chemical equation
as electrolyte concentration decreases, freezing point depression approaches what value and why
approaches the value calculated by assuming complete ionization
in an acid base titration, equivalent quantities of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions are present at what point in titration
at the end point
the name of a binary acid begins with what prefix
begins with the prefix hydro-
energy absorbed or released as heat in a chemical or physical change is measured by a(n)
calorimeter
a species that remains when an acid has lost a proton is a
conjugate base
according to avogadros law , 1 L of H₂(g) and 1 L of O₂9g) at the same temperature and pressure have what in common
contain equal amounts of molecules
in what kind of reaction does a single compound produce two or more simpler substances
decomposition reaction
the equation AX → A + X is the general equation for a
decomposition reaction
in what kind of reaction do the ions of two compounds exchange places in aqueous solution to form two new compounds
double-displacement reaction
the equation AX + BY → AY + BX is general for a
double-displacement reaction
the energy absorbed or released during a reaction in which a substance is produced is called the
enthalpy of formation
what is the energy released or absorbed as heat when one mole of a compound is produced by combination of its elements
enthalpy of formation
name the solvent for both polar and non polar solutes
ex. paint, nail polish remover, ethanol
compare the compressibility of a gas, a liquid and a solid
gas more freely all around, liquid have no definite shape, and a solid doesn't move
for the reaction represented by the Equation AgNO₃ + NaCI→ NaNO₃ + AgCI, how many moles of silver chloride, AgCI, are produced from 5.o mol of silver nitrate AgNO₃?
given 5.0 mol AgNO₃ Unknown: mol AgCI 5.0 mol AgNO₃ X 1mol AgCI/1 mol AgNO3 X 5.0 mol AgCI
for the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + CI₂ → 2NaCI, how many grams of chloride gas are required to react completely with 3.00 mol of sodium
given: 3.00 mol Na Unknown g Cl 3.00 mol Na X 1 mol Cl2/2 mol Na X 71 g Cl2/1 mol H2O = 106.5 g Cl₂
For the reaction represented by the equation 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, how many grams of water are produced from 4.00 mol of hydrogen
given: 4.0 mol h₂ Unknown: g H₂O 4.0 mol H₂ X2mol h2O/2 mol H2 X 18.02 g H2O/1 mol H2O = 72.08 g H₂O
For the reaction represented by the equation CI₂ + 2KBr →2KCI + Br₂, how many grams of potassium chloride can be produced from 500. g each of chloride and potassium bromide
given: 500 g Cl Unknown g KCl 3.00 mol Na X 1 mol Cl2/2 mol Na X 71 g Cl2/1 mol H2O = 106.5 g Cl₂
name some compounds that have compounds in a nonuniform arrangement
heterogeneous mixtures; chicken soup, chocolate chip cookie, sand in water,salad dressing , ice tea
volume of gaseous reactants and products in a chemical reaction can be expressed as ratios of small numbers as long as what is maintained
if constant temperature and pressure are maintained
arrhenious theorized that a base is a chemical compound that increases the concentration of ________ when dissolved in water
increases the concentration of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in a process called
ionization
substances whose water solutions conduct electricity easily do what in water
ionize in water
according to the KMT, what makes particles move close to each other, like during condensation or stay together
kinetic energy
compare the kinetic energy and motion of particles of solids, liquids, and gases. What happens to energy during all six of the phase changes
kinetic energy solid<liquid<gas
as a general rule, the entropy of a solid is more or less than that of a liquid, why?
less than that of a liquid...why?
If a process increases entropy, the process is _______ spontaneous
likely to be
the value of R, ideal gas constant, can be calculated from measured values of gas's pressure, volume, temperature, and what
molar amount
which acid turns yellowish on standing
nitric acid
when solutions of NH₄OH and K₂SO₄ are combined, what precipitates form
no precipitate forms
please name some common liquids that are acidic
orange juice,lemon juice,vinegar,acid rain
when solutions of two ionic compounds are combined and a solid forms, the process is called
precipitation
what does the constant bombardment of gas molecules against the inside walls of a container produce
pressure
electrolytes have a greater effect on freezing point depression than non electrolytes because electrolytes do what
produce more moles of solute per mole of solvent
in what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound
single-displacement reaction
particles in which state(s) of matter have motion
solid,liquid, gas
during the dissolving process , which particles interacts
solute and solvent
acids taste like what flavor?
sour
compare the strength of intermolecular interactions of particles of a gas, liquid and solid
strength of the intermolecular interactions gas<liquid<solid
please name some possible reactants in a neutralization reaction
strong acid-base neutralization
which acid is manufactured in the largest quantity
sulfuric acid
in what kind of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a new compound
synthesis reaction
the equation A + X → AX is the general equation for a(n)
synthesis reaction
increasing temperature favors dissolution when the enthalpy of a solutions
the enthalpy of solution is positive
in a solution at equilibrium, how are the rate of dissolution and crystallization related
the rate of the dissolution and the rate of crystallization are equal
A heterogeneous mixture always contains how many substances and how many are they distinguishable
two or more substances that are visibly distinguishable
the conjugate of a strong acid is a _______?
weak base
compare the strength of intermolecular interaction in solids, liquids and gases
weakest gas<liquid<solid greatest
what is the enthalpy of combustion of 1 mol of nitrogen to from NO₂
+33.2 kJ/mol
what is the enthalpy for a two step reaction, given deltaH for the two steps are +200 kJ and -130kJ, respectively
+70kJ