Chemistry Final

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the enthalpy of formation of compound x is -600 kJ/mol, and the sole product of its combustion has a enthalpy of a formation of -680kJ/mol. what is the enthalpy of combustion of compound X

-80 kJ/mol

please show the expression that represents the pH of a solution

-log[H₃O⁺]

the pH scale in general use ranges from what number to what

0-14

what is the concentration of H₃O⁺ions in pure water

1x 10⁻⁷ M

please show a few examples of a thermochemical equation

2H₂(g) + 20₂(g) →H₂O(g) + 843.6 kJ CaCO₃+ 176 kJ → CaO(s) + CO₂(g)

a pressure of 720 mm Hg equals what in pascals and torr

95992.10526 Pascal (Pa)

what is the small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation?

Coefficient

what is the symbol for free energy change

Delta G

what is the enthalpy of the formation of heptane, C₇H₁₆

Delta Hf°= -198.4kJ

Please name a few weak electrolytes

H,HC₂H₃O₂(acetic acid), H₂CO₃(carbonic acid), H₃PO₄(phosphoric acid), and many more

please name a few binary acids

HBr, HF, HCI, HI

in writing a chemical equation that produces hydrogen gas, what is the correct representation of hydrogen gas?

H₂

please name some amphoteric compounds

H₂O, HPO₄²⁻

what is the molarity of a HCI solution if 20.o mL is neutralized in titration by 30.0 mL of 0.500 M NaOH

M₁ x V₁= M₂ x V₂ given:M₁,V₁,V₂ unknown: M₂ M₂= M₁xV₁/V₂ M₂= (o.500M)x(30.0mL)/(20.0mL)

which of the following pairs of solutions produces a precipitate when combined and why KOH and NH₄CI, Na₂SO₄ and KCI, Fe(NO)₃ and KCI, NH₄CI and AgNO₃

NH₄CI and AgNO₃

what is the symbol for entropy

S

the equation A + BX → Ax + B is the general equation for a

Single-displacement reaction

please name a few substances that have a high entropy

Steam, atmospheric gases, most all gases

how do you know when a chemical equation is balanced?

When the same number of each kind of atom appears in the reactants and in the products

to calculate the pH of a solution whose [OH⁻] is known, one must first calculate

[H₃O⁺]

be able to balance chemical equations by adjusting coefficients

_O₂ ↔ O₄ , 2O₂↔ O₄

what makes an acid a chloric acid

acid containing CI⁻ anions

enthalpy change is the

amount of energy absorbed or lost by a system as energy is the form of heat during a process at constant pressure

what assumption of KMT is not true for non-ideal, or real gases

an ideal gas is hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all of the assumptions of the KMT a real gas does not obey all the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory

the members of a conjugate acid-base pair appear where in a chemical equation

appear on opposite sides of the chemical equation

as electrolyte concentration decreases, freezing point depression approaches what value and why

approaches the value calculated by assuming complete ionization

in an acid base titration, equivalent quantities of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions are present at what point in titration

at the end point

the name of a binary acid begins with what prefix

begins with the prefix hydro-

energy absorbed or released as heat in a chemical or physical change is measured by a(n)

calorimeter

a species that remains when an acid has lost a proton is a

conjugate base

according to avogadros law , 1 L of H₂(g) and 1 L of O₂9g) at the same temperature and pressure have what in common

contain equal amounts of molecules

in what kind of reaction does a single compound produce two or more simpler substances

decomposition reaction

the equation AX → A + X is the general equation for a

decomposition reaction

in what kind of reaction do the ions of two compounds exchange places in aqueous solution to form two new compounds

double-displacement reaction

the equation AX + BY → AY + BX is general for a

double-displacement reaction

the energy absorbed or released during a reaction in which a substance is produced is called the

enthalpy of formation

what is the energy released or absorbed as heat when one mole of a compound is produced by combination of its elements

enthalpy of formation

name the solvent for both polar and non polar solutes

ex. paint, nail polish remover, ethanol

compare the compressibility of a gas, a liquid and a solid

gas more freely all around, liquid have no definite shape, and a solid doesn't move

for the reaction represented by the Equation AgNO₃ + NaCI→ NaNO₃ + AgCI, how many moles of silver chloride, AgCI, are produced from 5.o mol of silver nitrate AgNO₃?

given 5.0 mol AgNO₃ Unknown: mol AgCI 5.0 mol AgNO₃ X 1mol AgCI/1 mol AgNO3 X 5.0 mol AgCI

for the reaction represented by the equation 2Na + CI₂ → 2NaCI, how many grams of chloride gas are required to react completely with 3.00 mol of sodium

given: 3.00 mol Na Unknown g Cl 3.00 mol Na X 1 mol Cl2/2 mol Na X 71 g Cl2/1 mol H2O = 106.5 g Cl₂

For the reaction represented by the equation 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, how many grams of water are produced from 4.00 mol of hydrogen

given: 4.0 mol h₂ Unknown: g H₂O 4.0 mol H₂ X2mol h2O/2 mol H2 X 18.02 g H2O/1 mol H2O = 72.08 g H₂O

For the reaction represented by the equation CI₂ + 2KBr →2KCI + Br₂, how many grams of potassium chloride can be produced from 500. g each of chloride and potassium bromide

given: 500 g Cl Unknown g KCl 3.00 mol Na X 1 mol Cl2/2 mol Na X 71 g Cl2/1 mol H2O = 106.5 g Cl₂

name some compounds that have compounds in a nonuniform arrangement

heterogeneous mixtures; chicken soup, chocolate chip cookie, sand in water,salad dressing , ice tea

volume of gaseous reactants and products in a chemical reaction can be expressed as ratios of small numbers as long as what is maintained

if constant temperature and pressure are maintained

arrhenious theorized that a base is a chemical compound that increases the concentration of ________ when dissolved in water

increases the concentration of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent in a process called

ionization

substances whose water solutions conduct electricity easily do what in water

ionize in water

according to the KMT, what makes particles move close to each other, like during condensation or stay together

kinetic energy

compare the kinetic energy and motion of particles of solids, liquids, and gases. What happens to energy during all six of the phase changes

kinetic energy solid<liquid<gas

as a general rule, the entropy of a solid is more or less than that of a liquid, why?

less than that of a liquid...why?

If a process increases entropy, the process is _______ spontaneous

likely to be

the value of R, ideal gas constant, can be calculated from measured values of gas's pressure, volume, temperature, and what

molar amount

which acid turns yellowish on standing

nitric acid

when solutions of NH₄OH and K₂SO₄ are combined, what precipitates form

no precipitate forms

please name some common liquids that are acidic

orange juice,lemon juice,vinegar,acid rain

when solutions of two ionic compounds are combined and a solid forms, the process is called

precipitation

what does the constant bombardment of gas molecules against the inside walls of a container produce

pressure

electrolytes have a greater effect on freezing point depression than non electrolytes because electrolytes do what

produce more moles of solute per mole of solvent

in what kind of reaction does one element replace a similar element in a compound

single-displacement reaction

particles in which state(s) of matter have motion

solid,liquid, gas

during the dissolving process , which particles interacts

solute and solvent

acids taste like what flavor?

sour

compare the strength of intermolecular interactions of particles of a gas, liquid and solid

strength of the intermolecular interactions gas<liquid<solid

please name some possible reactants in a neutralization reaction

strong acid-base neutralization

which acid is manufactured in the largest quantity

sulfuric acid

in what kind of reaction do two or more substances combine to form a new compound

synthesis reaction

the equation A + X → AX is the general equation for a(n)

synthesis reaction

increasing temperature favors dissolution when the enthalpy of a solutions

the enthalpy of solution is positive

in a solution at equilibrium, how are the rate of dissolution and crystallization related

the rate of the dissolution and the rate of crystallization are equal

A heterogeneous mixture always contains how many substances and how many are they distinguishable

two or more substances that are visibly distinguishable

the conjugate of a strong acid is a _______?

weak base

compare the strength of intermolecular interaction in solids, liquids and gases

weakest gas<liquid<solid greatest

what is the enthalpy of combustion of 1 mol of nitrogen to from NO₂

+33.2 kJ/mol

what is the enthalpy for a two step reaction, given deltaH for the two steps are +200 kJ and -130kJ, respectively

+70kJ


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