Chemistry Flashcards: Chapter 1 - Section 2
The only pure substance listed below is
Vitamin C
Which of the following is not a physical change
burning
A solid substance is
always the same shape regardless of its container
Plasma is the fourth state of matter. In the plasma state
atoms lose electrons
Any substance with a definite composition is a _____.
chemical
Matter includes all of the following except
light
Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture
air
The melting of butter is a _____ change because it does not produce any new substances.
physical
When examining a mineral, hardness and color are two properties used for identification. Hardness and color are examples of _____ properties.
physical
In a bonfire, oxygen allows wood to combust, leaving behind ashes. IN this process, oxygen and wood are the reactants, and ashes are the _____
product
Explain the difference between a pure substance and a homogenous mixture. Use an example in your answer.
A homogeneous mixture can be separated by physical means, while a pure substance cannot. For example, salt can be removed from saltwater mixture by evaporating the air, but to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen requires electrolysis, a chemical needs.
Differentiate between the reactants and the products in the the reaction represented by the equation-copper + water= copper (II) oxide+ hydrogen.
A reactant is an original substance, such as copper and water. A product is a resulting substance, such as copper (II) oxide and hydrogen.
Name three ways that mixtures might be seperated.
Answers might include filtration, distillation, decanting, magnetism, or any other physical means of separation.
Explain why flammability and combustibility are chemical properties.
Because to observe either, a chemical change, burning must occur.
Why can a gas fill the entire volume of its container?
Gas particles do not attract one another, and can easily and quickly move from one place to another.
When water boils, steam forms. When vinegar and baking soda combine, carbon dioxide gas is released. Which change is physical, and which is chemical? How do you know?
In both changes, a gas is produced. Water boiling, however, is a physical change because the water vapor has the same chemical properties as the water. In the chemical change, a new substance carbon dioxide is formed.
In one experiment, magnesium metal is melted. In a second experiment, magnesium metal is burned. Classify the change in each experiment as a chemical or physical. Explain your reasoning.
In the first experiment, a physical change occured. The chemical properties of magnesium were unchanged. In the second experiment, a chemical change occured. A new substance with new physical properties were formed.
Distinguish between mass and weight.
Mass is the amount of matter in something. Weight depends on Earth's gravitational attraction on the object.
Compare and contrast solids, liquids, gases, and plasma by explaining the behavior of their particles. Draw to illustrate your answer.
The arrangement of the particles in the three states accounts for their different properties. Particles in a solid move very little; particles in a liquid move more; and gas particles and plasma particles move the most. In a drawn models, particles in liquids should appear able to flow randomly past one another; and particles in gases should appear sparrely and randomly spaced. Plasma particles should have lost some of their electrons.
A mixture is
a blend of any two or more kinds of matter, as long as each maintains its own unique properties
A chemical change occurs when
a leaf changes color in the fall
A homogeneous mixture is also called
a solution
A compound is
a substance, made of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded, that can be broken down into simpler, stable substances
Which part of the illustration below shows the particles in a heterogeneous mixture
a)
Iron and sulfur, when heated, form an iron sulfide that has different properties from either iron or sulfur. The formation of iron sulfide is an example of a ________ change.
chemical
an apple turning brown after being cut is an example of a ____ change.
chemical
some iron and sulfur are mixed together, then heated. when the result is cooled, the iron can no longer be separated from the sulfur with a magnet. the result of heating the mixture was the formation of a(n) _______.
compound
Which of the following is an intensive property of matter
density
the two types of matter that are pure substances are _____ and _____.
elements/compounds
Matter that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape is the _____ state.
gaseous
A physical change occurs when a
glue gun melts a glue stick
Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture
granite
The liquid state of matter can be described as
having a definite volume but not a definite shape
Gravel is an example of a(n) _____ mixture.
heterogeneous
If a mixture is not uniform throughout, it is called
heterogeneous
An alloy such as a gold ring is an example of a(n) ____________________ mixture.
homogeneous
If a mixture is uniform in composition, it is said to be
homogeneous
What happens to the energy in a substance when it changes state
it changes form, but is neither destroyed nor increased
A sample of matter can be poured from container to container. It takes the shape of its container but only takes up a certain volume. Based on this information, the sample is in the ____________________ state.
liquid
A state of matter in which a material has no definite shape but has a definite volume is the ________ state.
liquid
The particles of a substance in the ____ are able to slide past each other.
liquid
A measure of the quantity of matter is
mass
A true statement about mass is that
mass is determined by comparing the mass of an object with a set of standard masses that are part of a balance
Which of the following is not a chemical change
melting
A student recorded the following while completing an experiment. Color of substance: yellow, shiny powder Effect of magnet: yellow, shiny powder was attracted The student should classify the substance as a(n)
mixture
Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen, both colorless gases, form a red-brown gas when mixed. Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen are called the
reactants
The oxygen in air causes iron to rust. Iron and oxygen are ___________ in this process and rust is the product.
reactants
The two most important properties of all matter are
taking up space and having mass
An atom is
the smallest unit of matter that maintains its chemical identity
Noble gases are in Group 18, and are best known because they are
unreactive
Under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure, the particles in a gas are
very far from one another
Which of the following is an extensive property of matter
volume
