Chemistry for life
what technique is used to identify a person from a sample of hair skin cells or body fluid?
DNA fingerprinting
protein
a peptide with more than 100 amino acid
what do the letters A C G T represent in a DNA code?
adenine guanine thymine and cytosine
the repeating unit of cellulose is?
glucose
which form of polysaccharide is found in animals?
glycogen
every nucleotide contains what?
phosphate
the name of the processes in which cells directly use solar energy to make food is?
photosynthesis
polysaccharide
polymers produced by the linkage of monosaccharide monomers
what is the function of nitrogen fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?
reduce atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia, a water soluble form nitrogen that can be used by plants.
differences between amino acids are normally due to differences in which part of the molecule?
side chain
why do adenine and thymine form pairs in a DNA double helix?
the pairing allows the maximum number of hydrogen bonds to form.
what is true about the function of dna in the body?
DNA stores the information needed to make protein
amino acid
any compound that contains an amino group and a carboxyl group in the same molecule
what term represents the entire set of chemical reactions carried out by an organism?
metabolism
nucleotides
monomers that make up DNA and RNA
simple sugars are also called?
monosacchrides
which molecule transmits the energy needed by cells for metabolism?
ATP
which of the following reactions is an important part of the catabolic process in cells?
breakdown of proteins into amino acid
an ester of a long chain fatty acid and a chain alcohol is a
wax
what type of molecules a bonded together to form a nucleotide?
1 nitrogen base+ 1 phosphate group + 1 sugar
how do lipids differ from most other bilogical molecules?
a large part of each molecule in a lipid is hydrophobic
monosaccharide
a simple carbohydrate molecule
disaccharide
a sugar that forms from two monosaccharides
a peptide bond is a bond between functional groups?
amino and carboxyl
peptide
any combination of amino acid in which the amino group of one acid is united with the carboxyl group of another through an amide bond
the reaction responsible for producing the heat that maintains the temperature of your body is____?
catabolism
a triglyceride is a compound of glycerol and three_____?
fatty acids
substitutions additions or deletions of one or more nucletiodes in a DNA molecule are called?
gene mutations
the two products of photosynthesis are?
glucose and oxygen
which type of bonds occur between bases in a DNA base pair?
hydrogen bonds
what type of reaction is saponification?
hydrolysis
what functional group is present in the cyclic form of all carbohydrates?
hydroxol
what is the function of an enzyme?
increases the rate of biochemical process
nucleic acid
nitrogen containing polymers found primarily in cell nuclei
what is contained only in a eukaryotic cell?
nucleus
what is the source of energy stored by ATP in cells?
oxidation of biological compounds
what is the fundamental unit of life?
the cell
how many common amino acids are formed and used by living organisms?
20
how many bases are needed to specify one amino acid in a peptide or protein chain?
3
how many bases are used in constructing the DNA molecules of every organism?
4 nitrogen bases
