Chemistry review 4

Plasmoptysis

A cell placed into a hypotonic solution will swell and burst because the movement of the solvent will be into the cell where there is a solution of greater concentration

Ratio

A comparison between the number of parts of the solute and the total number of parts in the solution (solute plus solvent)

Saturated solution

A solution containing all of the solutes the solvent is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure.

Unsaturated solution

A solution containing less of the solute than can be held in the solution by the solvent under ordinary circumstances.

Supersaturated solution

A solution containing more solute than it can hold under ordinary circumstances

The particles of a solution in suspension will not pass through filter or membranes

Describe the ability of Suspension to pass through filters and/or semi-permeable membranes:

The particles of solute in a colloidal solution capable of passing through a filter but not a membrane

Describe the ability of colloidal solution to pass through filters and/or semi-permeable membranes:

A crystalloid is a substance that is crystalline in its anhydrous (dry) solid form and is capable of passing through both filters and membranes when it is the soluble solute in a solution

Describe the ability of crystalloid to pass through filters and/or semi-permeable membranes:

You cannot distinguish the solvent from the solute in a true solution

Distinguish between the solvent and the solute in a true solution

Arterial fluids are designed to be hypotonic to tissue fluids and cells so that the arterial fluid will be allowed to enter the cells

How are arterial fluids designed to be as compared to tissue fluids?

This is a comparison of the "relative" amount of solute present in a volume of solvent rather than precise amounts

How are solutions measured qualitatively?

Ratio - A comparison between the number of parts of the solute and the total number of parts in the solution. (solute plus solvent)

How are solutions measured quantitatively?

Arterial Solution

Humectants used in embalming solutions are considered what type of solution?

Solution

Ratio may be expressed it parts per million (ppm); This is used when dealing with very small amounts of pollutants in large quantities of water or air

Concentrated solution

That solution which is holding a relatively large amount of solutes

Dilute Solution

That solution which is holding relatively small amounts of solutes

Solubility (2)

The amount of solutes needed to produce a saturated solution in a given amount of solvent

Solubility (2)

The measure of how well two substances mix

Crystalloidal solution

The particles of the solute are of ionic or molecular dimensions and will not settle out upon standing

the larger the molecules, the slower they move and disperse

The rate of diffusion inversely proportional to the size of the molecules of either the solvent or solute

The faster solution is moved the faster the solute will disperse

The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the agitation of the solution.

The more solute there is the faster it will disperse

The rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.

The warmer a solution, the faster the solute will disperse; The cooler, the slower the solute will disperse

The rate of diffusion of a solute is directly proportional to the temperature of the solution

Hemolysis

The swelling and bursting of a cell when place into a hypotonic solution as in the case of a red blood cell this process

Gelatin, blood pressure, Landin

What are the examples of the crystalloid solutions?

Sugar water, salt water, arterial fluids

What are the examples of the crystalloidal solutions?

Inorganic acids, bases and salts

What are the examples of the electrolytic solutions?

Organic, Carbohydrates, lipids and alcohols

What are the examples of the non- electrolytic solutions?

Crenation

What happens to normal tissue cells when places in a hypertonic solution?

Hemolysis

What happens to normal tissue cells when places in a hypotonic solution?

Temperature and Pressure

What must usually be altered to create a saturated solution?

Isotonic solution

When the two solutions on either side of the membrane are of equal concentrations the solutions are referred to as

Solvent

Which component of a solution is present in the greater amount by weight?

Solute

Which component of a solution is present in the lesser amount by weight?

Suspension

a mixture of insoluble particles and a solvent in which the particles can be seen by the unaided eye. The particles of a solution in suspension will not pass through filter or membranes

Emulsion

a mixture of two insoluble liquids with one dispersed throughout the other in small droplets. The process is called emulsification. Oil and vinegar are good example.

Aqueous solution

a solution in which water is the solvent

Colloidal solution

a solution-like system. A mixture of insoluble particle and a solvent in which the particles cannot be seen by the unaided eye.

Tincture

alcohol is the solvent

Non-electrolytic solution

containing solutes incapable of conducting electricity. Organic carbohydrates, lipids and alcohols.

Index

defined as the number of grams of formaldehyde in one hundred milliters of solution

Hypotonic solution

having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute that solution to which it is being compared

True Solution

homogenous molecular mixture of 2 or more substances able to pass through a semi permeable membrane. It can be assumed that it will pass through a filter also.

Crystalloid

is a substance that is crystalline in its anhydrous (dry) solid form and is capable of passing through both filters and membranes when it is the soluble solute in a solution

Colloid

is a substance which is not crystalline in it anhydrous solid form

Dialysis

is the separation of crystalloid and colloid solutes in a complex solution by passing the solution through semi-permeable membrane

Diffusion

movement of solute or other particle in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Osmosis (2)

selective flow of a diffusible component through a semi-permeable membrane. It is the passage of solvent from an area of lesser concentration (of solute) to one of greater concentration (of solute) when the two solutions are separated by a semi-permeable membrane

Electrolytic solution

solution containing solutes capable of conducting electricity. Those that would IONIZE in water....inorganic acids, bases, and salts.

Hypertonic solution

solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than solution to which it is being compared

Homogenous

that the components of the solution are so evenly distributed that any sample of the solution is of uniform composition

Solvent (2)

the component of a solution that is capable of dissolving the other component

Solute (2)

the component of a solution that is dissolved

Percentage

the number of grams of solute in 100 milliliters of solution; The comparison is again between the amount of solute and total solution

Solvation

the process of dissolving the solute in the solvent to make a solution

Plasmolysis

the shrinking of a cell when placed into a hypertonic solution in the case of specifically a red blood cell this process is called crenation

Mixture

two or more substances put together but not chemically combined