Child Development Ch 12

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to learning a second language? Adults make slower initial progress but their eventual success is greater than that of children. Children's ability to pronounce a second language correctly increases with age. The way children and adults learn a second language differs somewhat. Bilingualism has detrimental effects on concept formation and cognitive flexibility.

The way children and adults learn a second language differs somewhat.

Which of the following is a characteristic of gifted people? They tend to be less mature than an average person. They have fewer emotional problems than others. They are socially maladjusted. They have some type of mild mental disorder.

They have fewer emotional problems than others.

Gus practices the violin because he really enjoys hearing himself play a difficult piece. Gus's practice is ________ motivated. mastery intrinsically mindset performance

intrinsically

Marlena is a non-English speaking student who is receiving her education in both English and her native language. Marlena is participating in the ________ approach. English only Dual-language Mixed-language Integrated-language

Dual-language

Which of the following is a relatively permanent type of memory that holds huge amounts of information? Recoverable memory Referenced memory Schematic memory Long-term memory

Long-term memory

Which of the following is the BEST example of bilingual education in a U.S. school? Ron's first language is English, and now he is taking a Spanish course in middle school. Maria's first language is Spanish, so she has a teacher who speaks Spanish during some of her classes until Maria can learn more English. Lynn's first language is English, and one of her teachers speaks in Spanish sometimes during class so the children can learn a little Spanish. Ava has always studied in Spanish, and now she is taking an English course in middle school.

Maria's first language is Spanish, so she has a teacher who speaks Spanish during some of her classes until Maria can learn more English.

Which of the following terms refers to the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions? Animism Transitivity Seriation Egocentrism

Transitivity

Long-term memory differs from short-term memory in that long-term memory can store a limited amount. after the age of seven long-term memory does not show any increase. long-term memory increases with age during middle and late childhood. long-term memory increases considerably during early childhood.

long-term memory increases with age during middle and late childhood.

A child's ability to consider different strategies and perspectives fall under which dimension of executive function? self-control/inhibition working memory flexibility creativity

flexibility

Amy is six years old and is playing the violin at a level equal to 15-year-olds. She enjoys learning but does not like to be told what to do. She has an ability to concentrate intensely. Amy is most likely autistic. an average six-year-old. gifted. idiosyncratic.

gifted

Children with above-average intelligence—an IQ of 130 or higher—and/or a superior talent for something are called genius. creative. mastery oriented. gifted.

gifted.

If a child's IQ is below 100, then his or her CA (chronological age) is ________ his or her MA (mental age). equal to lower than higher than unrelated to

higher than

In terms of writing, combining narration with reflection and analysis in projects such as book reports usually appears in the preschool years. during the early elementary years. in the late elementary and middle school years. during the high school years.

in the late elementary and middle school years.

As one moves through school and into his or her career, demands on sustained attention increase. decrease. remain the same. increase during the school years and decrease during the career years.

increase.

Intellectual disability is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has a low IQ, usually below ________ on a traditional intelligence test, and who has difficulty adapting to everyday life. 100 90 80 70

70

Basketball superstar Michael Jordan is most likely to score high on which of Gardner's types of intelligence? Verbal Spatial Bodily-kinesthetic Intrapersonal

Bodily-kinesthetic

Which of the following is an educational implication of Piaget's theory? Effective teachers facilitate, rather than direct, learning. Children's distorted ideas about the world make it hard for them to learn. A single curriculum will be effective for children across cultures. Ongoing assessment should be avoided.

Effective teachers facilitate, rather than direct, learning.

________ is an important strategy that involves engaging in more extensive processing of information. Diversification Collaboration Elaboration Schematization

Elaboration

Who has suggested that there are eight different types of intelligences or "frames of mind"? Alfred Binet David Wechsler Robert Sternberg Howard Gardner

Howard Gardner

Which of the following is TRUE regarding executive function? Parents who are self-regulators tend to have children with high executive function. Physical exercise has no apparent link to executive function. Flexibility and working memory are not related to executive function. Children with low self-control tend to score high on measures of executive function.

Parents who are self-regulators tend to have children with high executive function.

Which of the following is a characteristic of concrete operational thought? An inability to classify Presence of animistic thought Presence of egocentric thought Reasoning limited to specific examples

Reasoning limited to specific examples

Which of the following activities is NOT a way to enhance mindfulness in children? Meditation Yoga Tai Chi Screen time

Screen time

Which of the following statements about children's cognitive development and concrete operational abilities is correct? Children's cognitive development closely follows the stages described by Piaget. Development of concrete operational abilities depends on genetic inheritance and it cannot be influenced by training. Culture has no influence on children's overall cognitive development. Some concrete operational abilities do not appear in synchrony during childhood.

Some concrete operational abilities do not appear in synchrony during childhood.

Caroline feels that she cannot change who she is. Carol Dweck would say she has a ________ mindset. fixed growth rigid flexible

fixed

Children with a helpless orientation often attribute their difficulty to bad luck. uncaring adults. poor efforts. a lack of ability.

a lack of ability.

According to Jean Piaget, children learn best when they are in the sensorimotor stage of development. memorize complex facts about the world. actively seek solutions for themselves. accommodate and assimilate more efficiently.

actively seek solutions for themselves.

Junko is 14 years old and is reading a book of essays on politics in various countries. Junko enjoys reading about different political views and comparing them. With the help of the newly acquired knowledge, Junko is evaluating the validity of his own political beliefs. Junko is demonstrating mental imaging. critical thinking. referenced thinking. memory schematization.

critical thinking.

Individuals who are gifted tend to be gifted in many domains. be gifted in a specific domain. reveal their talents during young adulthood. reveal their talents within the first six months of life.

be gifted in a specific domain.

Sondra has been asking questions about her extended family. In order to understand how all the relationships are interconnected, she needs to be able to use the skill of seriation. centration. classification. animism.

classification.

An experimenter presents a child with two identical balls of clay. The experimenter rolls one of the balls into a long, thin piece of clay. The child is then asked if there is more clay in the ball or in the long, thin piece. This Piagetian task is a test to see if the child is capable of ________ operations. concrete formal inference judgment

concrete

Dana presents a child with two identical balls of clay. She rolls one of the balls into a long, thin piece of clay. She then asks the child if there is more clay in the ball or in the long, thin piece. The child replies that both have same amount of clay. According to Piaget's stages of development, the child's reply indicates that the child is capable of ________ operations. concrete formal inference judgment

concrete

With reference to Piaget's stages of development, a reversible mental operation with real objects is a(n) ________ operation. concrete formal inference judgment

concrete

According to Piaget's stages of development, the ability to classify or divide things into different sets and subsets and to consider their interrelationships develops during the ________ stage. sensorimotor preoperational formal operational concrete operational

concrete operational

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, children with high analytical intelligence are most likely to do well in jobs that require common sense. tasks requiring application of ideas. creative tasks. conventional schooling.

conventional schooling.

Jerry and Kathy are told that their child has ________. After doing some research, they discover that this type of retardation involves no brain damage and results from the normal variation of intelligence in people combined with growing up in a below-average intellectual environment. organic retardation cultural-familial retardation physical retardation environmental retardation

cultural-familial retardation

Interest in intelligence has often focused on individual differences and assessment. In this context, the term individual differences refers to differences between individuals that are culture dependent. the relative strengths and weaknesses within an individual. day-to-day changes in an individual's knowledge and skills. differences between individuals that are stable and consistent.

differences between individuals that are stable and consistent.

Computerized training targeting working memory, aerobic exercise, and mindfulness have all been used to improve children's executive function. theory of mind. smiles. profiles on social media.

executive function.

Rita, who is in fifth grade, has just found out that her history exam is all fill-in-the-blank questions. She is discouraged because she knows that she does not usually do well on this type of exam. In recognizing this, Rita has engaged in a form of referenced thinking. reconstructive analysis. mental imaging. metacognition.

metacognition.

Recent research links executive function, focused attention, emotion regulation, and empathy to genetics. mindfulness. weight lifting. behavior medication.

mindfulness.

Hannah has an IQ of 135. With that level of intelligence, I'm sure she'll be quite successful no matter what career she chooses." The speaker is misusing the results of an intelligence test. giving an appropriate interpretation of an intelligence test. assuming that intelligence is composed of several different factors. not placing enough emphasis on intelligence as a predictor of success.

misusing the results of an intelligence test.

During middle and late childhood, autobiographical memories become less elaborate and less detailed. more elaborate but less detailed. more elaborate and more detailed. briefer but more elaborate.

more elaborate and more detailed.

Neo-Piagetians believe that there should be at least seven stages of cognitive development rather than only four. further details should be sought about how children learn to solve conservation problems. more emphasis should be placed on how children use attention, memory, and strategies. Piaget's stage theory places too much importance on assimilation and accommodation.

more emphasis should be placed on how children use attention, memory, and strategies.

Paul has an IQ of 72. He lives in his own apartment, has a job, and supports himself. He has an active social life with many friends with whom he goes bowling and goes out to eat frequently. According to the definition of mental retardation, Paul is ________ retarded. mildly not severely moderately

not

The ________ approach emphasizes that reading instruction should teach basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds. metalinguistic phonics whole-language language schematization

phonics

Maria regularly uses her common sense in dealing with the world and she has excellent social skills. But she performs poorly in the objective tests conducted by her school. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Maria exhibits ________ intelligence. creative analytical general practical

practical

When teaching reading, the whole-language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning. phonetics is the most important component in learning to read a language. children should be able to write a language before they are able to read it. learning a foreign language helps students learn their own language.

reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning.

In terms of executive function, the ability to resist the impulse to do something new falls under the dimension of self-control/inhibition. working memory flexibility creativity

self-control/inhibition.

Jane's teacher has haphazardly placed eight sticks of different lengths on the table. He asks Jane to put the sticks in order from shortest to longest. Through this test, Jane's teacher is testing her ability of seriation. centration. understanding object permanence. transitivity.

seriation.

Amber was given a Stanford-Binet intelligence test. Her mental age was determined to be 27; her chronological age is 18. Amber's IQ is well below average. about average. below average. well above average.

well above average.