Child Development Chapter 12

Why is the ability to remember such an important key to learning?

If experiences are forgotten then they can't be used for later

Four methods of learning

Incidental learning, Trial and error, Imitation, Directed learning

What are the features of a stimulating environment that promotes intellectual development

Interactions with caregivers and kids, variety of appropriate toys, encouragment

Compare the problem-solving strategy of a fourteen-month-old to that of a three-year-old

3 years has mental abilities a 14m doesn't have. (like long term memory)

How does creativity relate to imagination?

A mental ability that involves using the imagination to produce original ideas.

How is difficulty with articulation different from stuttering? How are they simular?

Articulation is the ability to use clear, distinct speech. Stuttering is a person speaking with sporadic repetition.

How can caregivers promote math readiness in young children

Blocks and puzzles, sorting, counting and number recognition through games or asking questions

How has neuroscience benefited parents and other caregivers

Can help ensure a child reaches his or her potential by offering a stimulating enviroment

Three-year-old Terrell is having problems closing a cabinet door because toys are sticking over the edge of the shelf. How should his father respond?

Complete the problem

Give an example of Imitation

Copying what other people do

What roles do heredity and environment play in intelligence?

Everyone is born with certain limits of possible intellectual dev. A person's potential is developed by their environment

How might keeping a child in a playpen discourage curiosity? How might curiousity be mistaken for misbehavior?

Exploration is limited. Curiosity makes children want to explore everything and this could be mistaken for getting into everything.

How can a routine of reading to children younger than age three contribute to reading readiness?

Focuses on children getting excited to read, and helps them associate written words with words aloud.

What kinds of problems might a speech-language pathologist identify as the source of a child's speech difficulties?

Hearing problems, mood disorders, learning disorder

Why is it important to respect a child's imagination? Should parents always point out what is real and what is not?

It improves learning because it allows the child to try new things. It can also be a way to manage a fear. No, it may discourage them from imagining.

Why might children of two and a half use a word like "tooths"?

Learned that s makes things plural

Give an example of directed learning

Purposeful (school)

Give an example of a toy that is appropriate and the developmental reason for one to two years old

Riding toys, helps use large muscles.

How can parents help improve their child's perception?

Talking about what you and your child are doing, answering questions.

Why do toddlers have difficulty concentrating on one thing at a time

The 5 senses are being bombarded with new information

What is intelligence

The ability to interpret and understand everyday situations and to use prior experiences when faces with new problems or situations (the capacity to learn)

Scott's mom said "Grandpa's birthday won't fit in this envelope. Let's see if we a bigger envelope. Or we can fold the card if we have to." How was she modeling problem solving for Scott?

Thinking out loud, showing options

In addition to safety, identify six characteristics of appropriate toys.

Well made and durable, easy to care for, encourage the use of a child's imagination, colorful, will the child enjoy and is it easy to handle

Give an example of a toy that is appropriate and the developmental reason for 3-4 years

dolls to dress, helps improve fine motor skills

Identify three common safety hazards related to toys

fitting in their mouth, sharp edges, age appropriate, toxic paint

Give an example of a toy that is appropriate and the developmental reason for two to three years

play dishes, helps coordination

What is the meaning of "readiness for learning"?

the physical and intellectual maturity required

Give an example trial and error learning

trying several solutions to figure out which one will work

Give an example of Incidental learning

unplanned learning, pushing something and it falling

What are concepts? Give three examples of concepts that young children learn.

General categories of objects and information. Concepts of time, learning what is/isn't alive, categorizing shapes

Examples of guided learning

1) give your time and attention 2) allow time for thinking 3) give only as much help as child needs 4) encourage children to draw own conclusions 5) demonstrate how to solve problems 6) model problem solving 7) maintain a positive attitude