CHM130 Chemical Bonding HW

Carbon has an electronegativity value 2.5. Given the electronegativity of Cl, Br, and I (3.0, 2.8, and 2.5, respectively), which of the following molecules has nonpolar bonds?

Cl4

Which of the following bonds is a polar covalent bond?

H - Cl Polar bonds occur between two nonmetals and have a difference in electronegativities of the atoms.

According to the general trends in the periodic table, which of the following is the most electronegative element?

O

What type of bond is characterized by sharing three pairs of electrons?

triple bond

What is the total number of valence electrons in one molecule of B₂H₆?

12

What is the total number of valence electrons in one molecule of H₂O₂?

14

Draw the electron dot formula for water, H2O. How many pairs of nonbonding electrons are in a water molecule?

2

What is the term for a model that explains the shapes of molecules based upon electron pair repulsion about the central atom?

VSEPR theory

Which of the following is a general trend for the electronegativity of elements in the periodic table?

increases from left to right; increases from bottom to top

What is the term for a bond in which a pair of electrons is shared equally?

nonpolar covalent bond

What is the term for a bond in which a pair of electrons is not shared equally?

polar covalent bond

What is the molecular shape of a carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?

trigonal planar

What is the term for an attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (O, N, or F), and a nonbonding electron pair on a highly electronegative atom in another molecule?

hydrogen bond

Given the electronegativity values of N (3.0) and O (3.5), illustrate the bond polarity in a nitrogen monoxide molecule, NO, using delta notation.

(δ+) N—O (-)

Given the values for I (2.5) and Cl (3.0), calculate the electronegativity difference in an iodine monochloride bond, ICl.

0.5

What is the term for the statement that an atom tends to bond in such a way so as to acquire eight valence electrons?

octet rule

What type of bond is characterized by sharing one pair of electrons?

single bond

Draw the structural formula for nitrogen, N2, and state the type of bond in a nitrogen molecule.

1 triple bond