Chp. 11 Innate and Adaptive Immunity

A sixth-grade science teacher asks the students to explain the role of cilia in the lower respiratory tract. Which student response is best?

"These little hairs move germs trapped in mucus toward the throat so the body can cough them out."

A teenager has been exposed to a person infected with chicken pox. After 2 weeks, the client has not contracted the virus. How is this possible? Select all that apply.

- The client was vaccinated for chicken pox.-The client was previously exposed to chicken pox.

A nurse is teaching a group of seniors about the decline of the immune system due to aging. Which topic should be included in the teaching plan regarding the immune response of older adults? Select all that apply.

-Increase in susceptibility to infections-Higher incidence of cancer-Weakened response to vaccinations

A client's exposure to an antibiotic-resistant microorganism while in the hospital has initiated an immune response. Which process is responsible for the mediated and regulated actions that occur in this situation?

Cytokines released at cell-to-cell interfaces bind to specific receptors on the cells that they target

During a blood transfusion, a client begins to have chills, back pain, and develops a fever. The nurse determines the client is experiencing a transfusion reaction. The nurse educates the client about transfusion reactions. Which statement indicates the cause of the reaction?

Each person has two HLA haplotypes that identify human cells. Blood typing involves the identification of these haplotypes (ABO compatibility). The closer the matching of HLA types, the greater is the probability of identical antigens and the lower the chance of rejection. A reaction occurs if the immune system views the HLA types as foreign.

Which cells block the entry of microbes and destroy them by secreting antimicrobial enzymes, proteins, and peptides within the mucous membrane linings of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogenital tract?

Epithelial

Immunologically active sites on antigens are recognized as:

Epitopes

A lactation nurse visits a new mother after delivery of her first child and encourages the mother to breast-feed her infant, even for a short time. Which statement made by the nurse correctly explains the importance of breast-feeding?

For several months, colostrum will provide the infant with passive immunity to diseases to which the mother has immunity.

A client diagnosed with sepsis has a critically low neutrophil count. The nurse expects which drug or drug class to be used to stimulate white blood cell production?

Granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) such as filgrastim

A client receives an interleukin-2 (IL-2) infusion to treat cancer. Which response explains how this cytokine will affect the growth of cancer cells?

IL-2 stimulates growth of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

A client experiences an allergic reaction. Select the immunoglobulin that would bind to mast cells and release histamine.

IgE

A client is being treated for lupus, an autoimmune disease. The nurse is teaching the client how the immune system normally differentiates between self and non-self (foreign peptides). The nurse knows teaching has been effective when the client correctly identifies which molecule as the self-recognition protein?

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)

A blood smear is being examined and a stain has been added that will identify granulocytes. Which cell types will be visible with the stain? Select all that apply.

Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil

Which statement correctly identifies the role of the C3b subcomponent of the complement system?

Opsonizes microbes to facilitate phagocytosis

A college student has received a tetanus booster shot. This immunization confers protection by way of what immune process?

Secondary humoral response

A client has been identified as having an excess of macrophage inhibitory factor, causing the client to have inhibited movement and activity of macrophages. Which process should the health care team expect to remain unaffected?

Specificity and memory of the immune response

A mother is diagnosed with a bacterial infection and is worried that her newborn infant will also contract the infection. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching plan for the client?

Your newborn has maternal IgG antibodies that were transferred through the placenta before birth, providing some protection from infection.

The nurse is explaining the quality of pleiotropism that is possessed by many cytokines. The quality of pleiotropism implies that such cytokines:

are able to act on different types of cells.

Which findings are considered part of normal aging? Select all that apply.

• Decrease in CD4+ count • Decreased IL-2 level

Which statements are true regarding the effects of aging on the immune system? Select all that apply.

• Vaccinations are less effective as we age.• The incidence of cancer increases as we age.• The elderly tend to have more evidence of autoimmune disorders as we age.