Chp. 7 nervous system

what is the correct sequence of events that follows a threshold potential

1- Na channels open, then Na+ diffuse inward 2- the membrane becomes depolarized 3- K channels open, K+ diffuse outward which Na is actively transported out of the cell 4- the membrane becomes repolarized

what are small collections of nerve cell bodies found in a small number oflocations outside the central nervous system called

Ganglia

which type of ion rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid immediately after an action potential is propagated

K+

what is the concentration of sodium and potassium ions on the inside and outside of the membrane when a nerve fiber is polarized

Na- higher on outside K+ higher on inside

What is the correct sequence ina typical reflex arc

Receptor-afferent neuron-integration center- efferent neuron-effector

what is essential for nerve impulse propagation

action potential

despite some neuronal loss, an unlimited number of neural pathways are available and ready to be developed; therefore, additional leaning can occur throughout life. what is the statement referring to

aging

what is a neuron with a cell body located in the CNS whose primary function is connecting other neurons called?

association neuron

which nervous system does the subdivisions sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems belong

autonomic nervous system

what must degenerate in order for parkinson's disease and huntington's diseaseto develop

basal ganglia

what is the type of neuron that is rarein adults and is found in some special sense organs (like eyes & ears)

bipolar neuron

which two structures is the term central nervous system referring to

brain and spinal cord

what is a traumatic brain injury called

cerebral edema

what is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, going from superior to inferior

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sarcal

the sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body resulting from a combination of which two nerves

common fibular and tibial

what is the neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli called?

dendrites

what is the correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges

dura mater,arachnoid layer, pia mater

where are bipolar neurons commonly found

eyes and nose

what is the lobe that contains the primary motor area that enables voluntary control of skeletal muscle movements

frontal

which lobes do the central sulcus separate

frontal and parietal lobes

what are elevated ridges located on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres called

gyri

control of temperature,endocrine activity, metabolism, andthirst are function associated with which part of the brain

hypothalamus

what is the thermostat of the body since it regulates body temperature

hypothalamus

what would cause a person who fell on their head to become lucid then confused and finally unresponsive

intracranial hemorrhage

what is the single deep groove separating the two cerebral hemispheres called

longitudinal fissure

which part of the brain is the vital center for the control of heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting located

medulla oblongata

what are the three major parts of the brain stem

medulla oblongata, pons, and mid brain

what is the most common structural classification of motor and association neurons?`

multipolar neuron

what is needed on neurons for impulse conduction to be fast

myelin sheaths

why does exposure to toxins have more devastating neural effects during early pregnancy than in late pregnancy

nervous system is formed during the first month of fetal development

what is the part of a Schwann cell that is external to the myelin sheath and forms a "neuron husk"

neurilemma

what is the substance that is released at axonal endings to start a nervous impulse called

neurotransmitter

what is the sensory receptor sensitive to deep pressure

pacinian corpuscle

what type of stimulation is when pupils dilate

parasympathetic stimulation

what is the area of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles

reticular activating system (RAS)

what are afferent nerves called? what are motor nerves called?

sensory, efferent

what type of effector organ is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system

skeletal muscle

if the specialized area of the cerebral hemisphere corresponding to Broca's area is damaged, what is the result

speech muscle is lost

what is a shallow groove located on the surface of the cerebral cortex called

sulcus

which nervous system division is responsible in preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response during threatening situations

sympathetic nervous system

what is the structural feature that is not part of a neuron, but plays a critical role as a functional junction between neurons

synaptic cleft

what is a type of sensory neuron, such as those found in PNS ganglia

unipolar neuron