Chpater 11 Chemistry Study Guide

Balance the following equation. A. (NH₄)₂CO₃ + NaOH → Na₂CO₃ + NH₃ + H₂O

(NH₄)₂CO₃ + 2NaOH → Na₂CO₃ + 2NH₃ + 2H₂O

Complete and balance the following equation. Al+ Cl₂ →

2Al + 3Cl₂ → 2AlCl₃

Balance the following equation Au₂O₃ → Au + O₂

2Au₂O₃ → 4Au + 3O₂

Balance the following equation. Indicate whether combustion is complete or incomplete. C₃H₈ + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

2C₃H₈ + 7O₂ → 6CO + 8H₂O (incomplete)

Complete and balance the following equation K₃PO₄ + BaCl₂ →

2K₃PO₄ (aq) + 3BaCl₂ (aq) → Ba₃(PO₄)₂ (s) + 6KCl (aq)

Balance the following equation. NaClO₃ → NaCl + O₂

2NaClO₃ → 2NaCl + 3O₂

Balance the following equation Na₃PO₄ + ZnSO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + Zn₃(PO₄)₂

2Na₃PO₄ + 3ZnSO₄ → 3Na₂SO₄ + Zn₃(PO₄)₂

Balance the following equation. Mg + H₃PO₄ → Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + H₂

3Mg + 2H₃PO₄ → Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 3H₂

Consider the description: copper(II) oxide reacts with sulfuric acid to produce copper(II) sulfate and water. List the steps required to write its balanced chemical equation. State how to determine which of the five general types of reaction this represents.

A first approach is to indicate the reactants and products in a word equation: Copper(II) oxide + sulfuric acid copper(II) sulfate + water Next, convert the word equation to a skeleton equation using chemical formulas: CuO(s) + H₂SO (aq)→ CuSO₄ (aq) + H₂O(l) Because the Cu²⁺ is exchanged in this reaction involving an aqueous solution, and the molecular compound H₂O is formed, the reaction type is double-replacement. In this case, the skeleton equation already is balanced. Inspection of substances on the left and right of the equation shows that the same relative amounts (number of atoms) of each element are present in the reactants and the products.

What are the coefficients that will balance the skeleton equation below? AlCl₃ + NaOH → Al(OH)₃ + NaCl A. 1, 3, 1, 3 B. 3, 1, 3, 1 C. 1, 1, 1, 3 D. 1, 3, 3, 1

A. 1, 3, 1, 3

In every balanced chemical equation, each side of the equation has the same number of ____. A. Atoms of each element B. Molecules C. Moles D. Coefficients

A. Atoms of each element

A double-replacement reaction takes place when aqueous cobalt(III) chloride reacts with aqueous lithium hydroxide. One of the products of this reaction is ____. A. Co(OH)₃ B. Co(OH)₂ C. LiCo₃ D. LiCl₃

A. Co(OH)₃

The equation 2C₃H₇OH+ 9O₂ → 6CO₂ 8H₂O is an example of which type of reaction? A. Combustion reaction B. Single-replacement reaction C. Double-replacement reaction D. Decomposition reaction

A. Combustion reaction

The complete combustion of which of the following substances produces carbon dioxide and water? A. C₈H₁₈ B. K₂CO₃ C. CaHCO₃ D. NO

A. C₈H₁₈

Chemical equations _____ A. Describe chemical reactions B. Show how to write chemical formulas C. Give directions for naming chemical compounds D. Describe only biological changes

A. Describe chemical reactions

The equation H₃PO₄+ 3KOH → K₃PO₃ + 3H₂O is an example of which type of reaction? A. Double-replacement reaction B. Combination reaction C. Decomposition reaction D. Double-replacement reaction

A. Double-replacement reaction

What does the symbol triangle in a chemical equation mean? A. Heat is supplied to the reaction B. A catalyst is needed C. Yields D. Precipitate

A. Heat is supplied to the reaction

A double-replacement reaction takes place when aqueous Na₂CO₃ reacts with aqueous Sn(NO₃)₂. You would expect one of the products of this reaction to be ____. A. NaNO₃ B. NaSn C. Sn(CO₃)₂ D. CNO₃

A. NaNO₃

In the activity series of metals, which metal(s) will displace hydrogen from an acid? A. Only metals above hydrogen B. Only metals below hydrogen C. Any metal D. Only metals form Li to Na

A. Only metals above hydrogen

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the decomposition of a simple binary compound? A. The products are unpredictable. B. The products are the constituent elements. C. The reactant is a single substance. D.The reactant could be an ionic or a molecular compound.

A. The products are unpredictable.

A list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity

Activity Series of Metals

When the equation KClO₃(s) → KCl(s) + O₂(g) is balanced, the coefficient of KClO₃ is ____ A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

B. 2

What is the driving force in the following reaction? Ni(NO₃)₂ (aq) + K₂S(aq) →NiS(s) + 2KNO₃ (aq) A. A gas is formed B. A precipitate is formed C. Ionic compounds are reactants D. Ionic compounds are products

B. A precipitate is formed

In order to predict whether or not a single-replacement reaction takes place, you need to consult a chart that shows the ____. A. Periodic table B. Activity series of metals C. Common polyatomic ions D. Ionic charges of representative elements

B. Activity series of metals

In order for the reaction 2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂ to occur, which of the following must be true? A. Al must be above Cl on the activity series. B. Al must be above H on the activity series. C. Heat must be supplied for the reaction. D. A precipitate must be formed.

B. Al must be above H on the activity series.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct? A. The only way to determine the products of a reaction is to carry out the reaction. B. All chemical reactions can be classified as one of five general types. C. Complete combustion has occurred when all the carbon in the product is in the form of carbon dioxide. D. A single reactant is the identifying characteristic of a decomposition reaction.

B. All chemical reactions can be classified as one of five general types.

The product of a combination reaction is Ba(OH)₂. If one of the reactants is H₂O, what is the other reactant? A. Ba₂O B. BaO C. BaH D. BaO₂

B. BaO

What is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction that takes place between bromine and sodium iodide? A. Br₂ + NaI → NaBr₂ + I B. Br₂ + 2NaI → 2NaBr + I₂ C. Br + NaI₂ → NaBrI₂ D. Br + NaI₂ → NaBr + I₂

B. Br₂ + 2NaI → 2NaBr + I₂

Which of the following is the correctly balanced equation for the incomplete combustion of heptene, C₇H₁₄? A. C₇H₁₄ + 14O → 7CO + 7H₂O B. C₇H₁₄ + 7O₂ → 7CO + 7H₂O C. 2C₇H₁₄ + 21O₂ → 14CO₂ + 14H₂O D. C₇H₁₄ + O₂ → C₇O₂ + 7H₂

B. C₇H₁₄ + 7O₂ → 7CO + 7H₂O

Everyday equations describe _____ A. Thermonuclear reactions B. Everyday processes C. Chemical reactions D. Biological chemistry

B. Everyday processes

Which of the following statements is NOT true about what happens in all chemical reactions? A. The ways in which atoms are joined together are changed. B. New atoms are formed as products. C. The starting substances are called reactants. D. The bonds of the reactants are broken and new bonds of the products are formed.

B. New atoms are formed as products.

A catalyst is _____. A. The product of a combustion reaction B. Not used up in a reaction C. One of the reactants in single-replacement reactions D. A solid product of a reaction

B. Not used up in a reaction

Which of the following is a balanced equation representing the decomposition of lead(IV) oxide? A. PbO₂ → Pb + 2O B. PbO₂ → Pb + O₂ C. Pb₂O → 2Pb + O D. PbO → Pb + O₂

B. PbO₂ → Pb + O₂

In a double-replacement reaction, the ____? A. Products are always moleculear B. Reactants are two ionic compounds C. Reactants are two elements D. Products are a new element and a new compound

B. Reactants are two ionic compounds

The equation Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g) is an example of which type of reaction? A. Combination reaction B. Single-replacement reaction C. Decomposition reaction D. Double-replacement reaction

B. Single-replacement reaction

Balance the following equation. Complete the equation first, if necessary. Ba + H₂O → Ba(OH)₂ + H₂

Ba + 2H₂O → Ba(OH)₂ + H₂

An equation in which each side has the same number of atoms in each element

Balanced Equation

Predict the precipitate that forms when aqueous solutions of silver nitrate and potassium chloride react to form products in a double-replacement reaction. Include a discussion of how to write the complete chemical equation describing this reaction.

Because the reaction is a double-replacement type, cations are exchanged among compounds during the reaction. The first step is to write the equation in skeleton form: AgNO + KCl AgCl + KNO Inspection of this equation shows that the insoluble precipitate silver chloride forms in an aqueous solution of potassium nitrate. The relative amounts of elements are the same on either side of the equation, so the complete equation is: AgNO (aq) + KCl(aq) AgCl(s) + KNO (aq) (balanced)

Symbols used in equations, together with the explanations of the symbols, are shown below. Which set is correct? A. (g) Grams B. (l) Liters C. (aq) Dissolved in water D. (s) Solid product

C. (aq) Dissolved in water

What are the missing coefficients for the skeleton equation below? Cr(s) + Fe(NO₃)₂ (aq) → Fe(s) + Cr(NO₃)₃ (aq) A. 4, 6, 6, 2 B. 2, 3, 2, 3 C. 2, 3, 3, 2 D. 1, 3, 3, 1

C. 2, 3, 3, 2

When potassium hydroxide and barium chloride react, potassium chloride and barium hydroxide are formed. The balanced equation for this reaction is ____. A. KH+ BaCl → KCl+ BaH B. KOH+ BaCl → KCl+ BaOH C. 2KOH + BaCl₂ → 2KCl + Ba(OH)₂ D. KOH + BaCl₂ → KCl₂ + BaOH

C. 2KOH + BaCl₂ → 2KCl + Ba(OH)₂

When the equation Fe + Cl₂ → FeCl₃ is balanced, what is the coefficient for Cl₂? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

C. 3

The reaction 2Fe + 3Cl₂ → 2FeCl₃ is an example of which type of reaction? A. Combustion reaction B. Single-replacement reaction C. Combination reaction D. Decomposition reaction

C. Combination reaction

In a combustion reaction, one of the reactants is ____. A. Hydrogen B. Nitrogen C. Oxygen D. A metal

C. Oxygen

Which of the following is the correct skeleton equation for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus combines with oxygen gas to form diphosphorus pentoxide? A. P(s) + O₂ → PO₂(g) B. P(s) + O(g) → P₅O₂(g) C. P(s) + O₂(g) → P₂O₅(s) D. P₂O₅(s) → P₂(s) + O₂

C. P(s) + O₂(g) → P₂O₅(s)

In the chemical equation H₂O₂(aq)→H₂O(l)+O₂(g), the O₂ is a __ A. Catalyst B. Solid C. Product D. Reactant

C. Product

What are the correct formulas and coefficients for the products of the following double-replacement reaction? RbOH+ H₃PO₄ → A. Rb(PO₄)₃ + H₂O B. RbPO₄ + 2H₂O C. Rb₃PO₄ + 3H₂O D. H₃Rb + PO₄OH

C. Rb₃PO₄ + 3H₂O

The type of reaction that takes place when one element reacts with a compound to form a new compound and a different element is a ____. A. Combination reaction B. Decomposition reaction C. Single-replacement reaction D. Double-replacement reaction

C. Single-replacement reaction

Chemical equations must be balanced to satisfy ____. A. The law of definite proportions B. The law of multiple proportions C. The law of conversion of mass D. Avogadro's principle

C. The law of conversion of mass

In a double-replacement reaction A. The reactants are usually a metal and a nonmetal B. One of the reactants is often water C. The reactants are generally two ionic compounds in aqueous solution D. Energy in the form of heat or light is often produced

C. The reactants are generally two ionic compounds in aqueous solution

Which of the following statements is true about single-replacement reactions? A. They are restricted to metals B. They involve a single product C. Two reactants produce two products D. Any metal replaces any other metal

C. Two reactants produce two products

Complete and balance the following equation. CH₄ + O₂ ▲→ CO₂ +

CH₄ + 2O₂ ▲→ CO₂ + 2H₂O

Complete and balance the following equation. Cd(NO₃)₂ + NH₄Cl →

CdCl₂ + 2NH₄NO₃

A concise representation of a chemical reaction

Chemical Equation

A reaction in which oxygen reacts with another substance, often producing heat or light

Combustion Reaction

Balance the following equation. Indicate whether combustion is complete or incomplete. 2C₂H₅OH + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O

C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2CO₂ + 3H₂O (complete)

Balance the following equation. C C₃H₆ + O₂ ▲→ CO + H₂O

C₃H₆ + 3O₂ ▲→ 3CO + 3H₂O

What are the coefficients that will balance the skeleton equation below? N₂ + H₂ → NH₃ A. 1, 1, 2 B. 1, 3, 3 C. 3, 1, 2 D. 1, 3, 2

D. 1, 3, 2

What are the missing coefficients for the skeleton equation below? Al₂ (SO₄)₃ (aq) + KOH(aq) → Al(OH)₃ (aq) + K₂SO₄(aq) A. 1, 3, 2, 3 B. 2, 12, 4, 6 C. 4, 6, 2, 3 D. 1, 6, 2, 3

D. 1, 6, 2, 3

When the following equation is balanced, what is the coefficient for HCl? Mg(s) + HCl(aq) → MgCl₂(aq) + H₂(g) A. 6 B. 3 C. 1 D. 2

D. 2

If you rewrite the following word equation as a balanced chemical equation, what will the coefficient and symbol for fluorine be? nitrogen trifluoride → nitrogen + fluorine A. 6F₂ B. F₃ C. 6F D. 3F₂

D. 3F₂

When the equation for the complete combustion of one mole of C₃H₇ OH is balanced, the coefficient for oxygen is ____. A. 13/2 B. 11/2 C. 7/2 D. 9/2

D. 9/2

The products of a combustion reaction do NOT include ____. A. Water B. Carbon dioxide C. Carbon monoxide D. Hydrogen

D. Hydrogen

Use the activity series of metals to complete a balanced chemical equation for the following single replacement reaction. Ag(s) + KNO₃(aq) → A. AgNO₃ + K B. AgK+ NO₃ C. AgKNO₃ D. No reaction takes place because silver is less reactive than potassium

D. No reaction takes place because silver is less reactive than potassium

Chemical reactions ___ A. Occur only in living organism B. Create and destroy atoms C. Only occur outside living organisms D. Produce new substances

D. Produce new substances

If a combination reaction takes place between rubidium and bromine, the chemical formula for the product is ____. A. RuBr B. Rb₂Br C. RbBr₂ D. RbBr

D. RbBr

Which of the following statements is NOT true about double-replacement reactions? A. The product may precipitate from solution. B. The product may be a gas. C. The product may be a molecular compound. D. The reactant may be a solid metal.

D. The reactant may be a solid metal.

This symbol (⇌) indicates that ____ A. Heat must be applied B. An incomplete combustion reaction has occurred C. A gas is formed by the reaction D. The reaction is reversible

D. The reaction is reversible

A skeleton equation does NOT show which of the following? A. The correct formulas of the reactants and products B. The reactants on the left, the products on the right C. An arrow connecting the reactants to the products D. The relative amounts of reactants and products

D. The relative amounts of reactants and products

A reaction in which a single compound is broken down into simpler substances

Decomposition Reaction

Complete and balance the following equation. Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + Ba(OH)₂ →

Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3Ba(OH) → 2Fe(OH)₃ + 3BaSO₄

Balance the everyday equation described in the following sentence. "A tricycle is made of a handle, a body, three wheels, and two axles. H + B + W + A → HBW₃A₂

H + B + 3W + 2A → HBW₃A₂

Write a balanced net ionic equation for the following reaction. H₃PO₄ (aq) + Ca(OH)₂ (aq) → Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (aq) + H₂O (l)

H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)

A new substance formed in a chemical reaction

Product

A starting substance in a chemical reaction

Reactant

A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of a second element in a compound

Single Replacement Reaction

A chemical equation that does not indicate relative amounts of reactants and products

Skeleton Equation

What determines whether one metal will replace another metal from a compound in a single-replacement reaction?

The metal higher on the activity series will replace the metal that's lower.

In general, how are word equations written to describe chemical reactions?

The reactants are written on the left side of the equation The products are written on the right side After each element/compound, either a (g) , (s) , (l) , or (aq) is written to signify if the substance is a solid, liquid, gas, or aqueous solution

Describe how to write the skeleton equation for the following reaction: iron + oxygen → iron(III) oxide

the skeleton is done simply by replacing word with formulas (no balancing) so Fe + O₂ → Fe₂O₃ (skeleton:unbalanced)