chpt.16 The male reproductive system

testes

The male gonads, which produce sperm and secrete male sex hormones.

epididymis

coiled duct on top and at side of the testis that stores sperm before emission

glans penis

large con shaped structure that enlarges.

bulbourethral glands or Cowper`s glands

produce a mucus-like fluid that is secreted before ejaculation into the urethra. This fluid lubricates the end of the penis in preparation for sexual intercourse.

seminal vesicles

produce about 60% of seminal fluid, these are located at the posterior wall of the urinary bladder close to the terminus of the ductus deferens. They produce a substance that nourishes the sperm passing through the tract or that promote the fertilizing capabiltiy of sperm in some way

vasectomy

surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization)

penis

the male organ that transfers sperm to a female and that carries urine out of the body.

testosterone

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

follicle-stimulating hormone

(FSH) Released from the anterior pituitary gland to target the ovaries & testes. In females it stimulates the development of follicles in the ovaries and in males it promotes the development of sperm cells (and stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone).

prostate gland

*encircles upper part of urethra *produces milky, slightly acidic fluid *contains citrate, enzymes, antigen *1/3 of semen volume

scrotum

*sac of skin and superficial fascia *hangs outside of abdomopelvic cavity at root of penis *houses testes

spermatogenesis

*series of events in seminiferous tubules that produce male gametes *begins at puberty. Spermatogonia contain 46 chromososmes. 23 pairs These cells undergo mitosis resulting cells are called primary spermatocytes.

lutenizing hormone

A protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovulation in females and androgen production in males.

spermatogenic cells

Cells within the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm

vas deferens

Narrow tube (one on each side) that carries sperm from the epididymis into the body and toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens.

The structure of sperm cells.

The head, Midpiece, and the tail.

What is the role of prostaglandins in fertilization?

The sugars are used by sperm cells for energy.

Why are the testes located outside the abdominopelvic cavity?

To keep there temperature about on degree lower than that of the core of the body, which is necessary for sperm to live.

acrosome

a process at the anterior end of a sperm cell that produces enzymes to facilitate penetration of the egg.

semen

a thick fluid containing sperm and other secretions from the male reproductive system

The internal accessory organs of the male reproductive system are?

epididymis, vas deferences, and the accessory sex glands, which include the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral, or Cowpers glands.

cryptorchidism

failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum

prepuce

foreskin; loose casing that covers the glans penis; removed by circumcision.

interstitial cells

in the testes, these cells lie between the seminiferous tubules and produce the hormone testosterone

The external male reproductive organs

scrotum, testes, and penis

seminiferous tubles

specialized coils of tiny tubules that are responsible for the production of sperm