Chronic Diseases
Type 2 Diabetes
(once known as adult-onset) a chronic condition in which the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't make enough insulin
Type 1 Diabetes
(once known as juvenile) a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy
Exercising daily, eating a healthy diet, not smoking and maintaining weight can help"
1- reduce risk of disease, 2- reducing complications of existing disease, 3- stop the symptoms and progression of some diseases
one serving of darker beer
10 oz.
one serving of light beer
12 oz
Pericardial disease
3 types: pericarditis, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis
Osteoarthritis
A degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage covering the surface of bone becomes thinner and rougher, allowing bone surfaces to rub against each other, causing extreme discomfort
Arrhythmia
An abnormal rhythm of the heart which can cause the heart to pump less effectively; can cause problems in 1 of 2 way
20.8%
Approximately ___ of Americans (18 and older) use tobacco products everyday
Arteriosclerosis
Arteries become less flexible with age (hardening of the artery walls)
Systolic, Diastolic
Blood pressure measurements are reported as _____ over ______
Effect of Arrhythmia #2
By not allowing a sufficient amount of blood to be pumped to the body because the electrical signaling throughout the heart is causing it to pump too slowly or irregularly
Effect of Arrhythmia #1
By not allowing the chamber to sufficiently fill with adequate amount of blood because the electrical signaling throughout the heart is causing it to pump too fast
Angina
Chest Pain, the most common symptom of CAD; it results when demand for O2 exceeds supply
70%
Chronic disease account for ____ of all deaths in the US
75%
Chronic disease contributes to ___ of the $2 trillion of medical care costs incurred in the US
women
Do women or men live longer?
Myocardial Infarction
Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle
1 in 3
High Blood Pressure affects about ___ in ____ American
memory loss, paralysis
Ischemic stroke can cause ___ and ____ of one side of the body
Disabilities due to Chronic Stress
Limited or severely decreased mobility, ability to complete daily living activities such as bathing, dressing, cooking, walking, talking, etc.
80%
More than ____ strokes are ischemic
90 million Americans
More than _______ lives with chronic illness which can progress to disability with time or lack of treament
Symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease
Numbness, cramps, weak/absent pulse, sores, color change of skin, decrease temperature in one leg, poor nail growth, erectile dysfunction
4-5 oz
One serving of wine
Atherosclerotic Peripheral Artery Disease
Peripheral Artery Disease is also known as
diet and exercise
Researchers believe poor _______ habits will surpass tobacco as the leading cause of disease in the next 5 years
Gout
Rheumatic disease that develops when the body produces too much or doesn't excrete enough uric acid and deposits uric acid crystals in body tissues and fluids
Normal Blood Pressure Levels
Systolic 120 or less AND / Diastolic 80 or less
High Blood Pressure Levels
Systolic 140 or Above OR / Diastolic 90 or above
Pre-High Blood Pressure Levels
Systolic b/w 121-139 OR / Diastolic b/w 81-89
arthritis
What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?
Fibromyalgia
Widespread muscular pain and fatigue potentially caused by genetics and physical/emotional stressors
3%
____ of chronic diseases are alzheimers
23%
____ of chronic diseases are cancer
5%
____ of chronic diseases are chronic lower respiratory diseases
3%
____ of chronic diseases are diabetes
26%
____ of chronic diseases are heart disease
6%
____ of chronic diseases are strokes
Aneurysm
a bugle or weakness in the wall of an artery or vein, usually get bigger over time and can rupture causing life-threatening bleeding
Diabetes
a metabolic disease in which the body's inability to produce any of enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood
Ischemic Stroke
a stroke caused by a blockage in an artery of the brain resulting deprivation of oxygen to that portion of the brain and tissue death
Hemorrhagic Stroke
a stroke caused by a blood vessel rupturing due to high blood pressure or an aneurysm bursting in the brain
Secondary prevention
aimed at people who have been abusing or have become dependent on substances for only a short period of time or have tried to quit. The goal is to prevent relapse or reduce the risk of abuse or dependency from becoming any worse
Symptoms of Diabetes
being tired all the time, hungry all the time, craving liquids, frequent urination, numbness and tingling in your extremities, blurred vision
4 categories of alcohol abuse
binge drinking, heavy drinking, excessive drinking, alcoholism
Excessive drinking
binge drinking, heavy drinking, or both
Congenital Heart Disease
broad term for the wide range of diseases and conditions that develop before birth affecting the formation of the heart muscle, its chambers or valves
Examples of chronic disease
cancer, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases, etc.
Physical Risks of Drug Abuse
changes in personality, damage to brain and liver, cardiovascular disease, cancer, shorter life span, death
Heart failure
condition in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body's organs and tissues; may develop suddenly or over time
Valvular heart disease
damage to any of the 4 valves of the heart, individuals could be born with these defects or acquire them over time
Types of Cardiomyopathy
dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, idiopathic dilated
Alcoholism
disease where a person becomes dependent on alcohol
Cardiomyopathy
diseases of the heart muscle
Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
enlarged heart without a known cause
Pericardial effusion
fluid accumulation in the pericardium
Primary prevention
focuses on reaching people before they begin to use drugs or other substances to keep them from becoming abusers in the first place
Dilated
heart chambers are enlarged
Hypertrophic
heart muscle is thickened
Atrial or Ventricular Septal Defect
holes in the heart
Chronic disease
illness that persists over time; illness that lasts more than 3 months
Physiological effects of tobacco
increased blood pressure and heart rate, changes in blood flow, carbon monoxide makes it difficult for body to transport oxygen throughout the body
Pericarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
Diastolic
lowest pressure in the arteries (ventricular filling)
Heavy drinking
men: 2+ drinks a day; women: 1+ drinks a day
Binge drinking
men: 5+ drinks in two hours; women: 4+ drinks in two hours
Tertiary prevention
method people who have been abusing or dependent on substances for a long time and focuses on disease management
Behavioral Risks of Drug Abuse
motor accidents, becoming violent, causing property damages, participating in risky sexual activities
Coarctation
narrowing of a section of the aorta
Peripheral Artery Disease
occurs when plaque builds up on the inside wall of the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the head, internal organs, and limbs
1- 1.5 oz
one serving of liquor
CABG
open heart surgery in which a piece of blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage
Arthritis
painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints
Systolic
peak pressure in the arteries (ventricles pumping)
Coronary Artery Disease
restriction of blood flow or blockage of arteries that lead to the heart
3 forms of tobacco use
smoking (mainstream smoke), smoke-less tobacco, second-hand smoke (sidestream smoke)
constrictive pericarditis
stiffness of the pericardium
Tobacco
the number one cause of all diseases, including chronic disease
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
the walls of the ventricles are stiff and resist the normal filling of the heart with blood
Rheumatoid Arthritis
thought to be the result of a faulty immune system resulting as a systemic inflammatory disease which manifests itself in multiple joints throughout the body
Cardiovascular disease
umbrella term that includes several diseases that affect the heart and/or blood vessels
Symptoms of Arrhythmia
weakness, fatigue, palpitations, low blood pressure, dizziness, and fainting
High Blood Pressure (hypertension)
when blood pumps through the blood vessels with excessive force against the walls of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
when fatty material called plaque builds up in the arteries around the heart