Chronic Diseases

Type 2 Diabetes

(once known as adult-onset) a chronic condition in which the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't make enough insulin

Type 1 Diabetes

(once known as juvenile) a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy

Exercising daily, eating a healthy diet, not smoking and maintaining weight can help"

1- reduce risk of disease, 2- reducing complications of existing disease, 3- stop the symptoms and progression of some diseases

one serving of darker beer

10 oz.

one serving of light beer

12 oz

Pericardial disease

3 types: pericarditis, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis

Osteoarthritis

A degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage covering the surface of bone becomes thinner and rougher, allowing bone surfaces to rub against each other, causing extreme discomfort

Arrhythmia

An abnormal rhythm of the heart which can cause the heart to pump less effectively; can cause problems in 1 of 2 way

20.8%

Approximately ___ of Americans (18 and older) use tobacco products everyday

Arteriosclerosis

Arteries become less flexible with age (hardening of the artery walls)

Systolic, Diastolic

Blood pressure measurements are reported as _____ over ______

Effect of Arrhythmia #2

By not allowing a sufficient amount of blood to be pumped to the body because the electrical signaling throughout the heart is causing it to pump too slowly or irregularly

Effect of Arrhythmia #1

By not allowing the chamber to sufficiently fill with adequate amount of blood because the electrical signaling throughout the heart is causing it to pump too fast

Angina

Chest Pain, the most common symptom of CAD; it results when demand for O2 exceeds supply

70%

Chronic disease account for ____ of all deaths in the US

75%

Chronic disease contributes to ___ of the $2 trillion of medical care costs incurred in the US

women

Do women or men live longer?

Myocardial Infarction

Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle

1 in 3

High Blood Pressure affects about ___ in ____ American

memory loss, paralysis

Ischemic stroke can cause ___ and ____ of one side of the body

Disabilities due to Chronic Stress

Limited or severely decreased mobility, ability to complete daily living activities such as bathing, dressing, cooking, walking, talking, etc.

80%

More than ____ strokes are ischemic

90 million Americans

More than _______ lives with chronic illness which can progress to disability with time or lack of treament

Symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease

Numbness, cramps, weak/absent pulse, sores, color change of skin, decrease temperature in one leg, poor nail growth, erectile dysfunction

4-5 oz

One serving of wine

Atherosclerotic Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral Artery Disease is also known as

diet and exercise

Researchers believe poor _______ habits will surpass tobacco as the leading cause of disease in the next 5 years

Gout

Rheumatic disease that develops when the body produces too much or doesn't excrete enough uric acid and deposits uric acid crystals in body tissues and fluids

Normal Blood Pressure Levels

Systolic 120 or less AND / Diastolic 80 or less

High Blood Pressure Levels

Systolic 140 or Above OR / Diastolic 90 or above

Pre-High Blood Pressure Levels

Systolic b/w 121-139 OR / Diastolic b/w 81-89

arthritis

What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?

Fibromyalgia

Widespread muscular pain and fatigue potentially caused by genetics and physical/emotional stressors

3%

____ of chronic diseases are alzheimers

23%

____ of chronic diseases are cancer

5%

____ of chronic diseases are chronic lower respiratory diseases

3%

____ of chronic diseases are diabetes

26%

____ of chronic diseases are heart disease

6%

____ of chronic diseases are strokes

Aneurysm

a bugle or weakness in the wall of an artery or vein, usually get bigger over time and can rupture causing life-threatening bleeding

Diabetes

a metabolic disease in which the body's inability to produce any of enough insulin causes elevated levels of glucose in the blood

Ischemic Stroke

a stroke caused by a blockage in an artery of the brain resulting deprivation of oxygen to that portion of the brain and tissue death

Hemorrhagic Stroke

a stroke caused by a blood vessel rupturing due to high blood pressure or an aneurysm bursting in the brain

Secondary prevention

aimed at people who have been abusing or have become dependent on substances for only a short period of time or have tried to quit. The goal is to prevent relapse or reduce the risk of abuse or dependency from becoming any worse

Symptoms of Diabetes

being tired all the time, hungry all the time, craving liquids, frequent urination, numbness and tingling in your extremities, blurred vision

4 categories of alcohol abuse

binge drinking, heavy drinking, excessive drinking, alcoholism

Excessive drinking

binge drinking, heavy drinking, or both

Congenital Heart Disease

broad term for the wide range of diseases and conditions that develop before birth affecting the formation of the heart muscle, its chambers or valves

Examples of chronic disease

cancer, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune diseases, etc.

Physical Risks of Drug Abuse

changes in personality, damage to brain and liver, cardiovascular disease, cancer, shorter life span, death

Heart failure

condition in which the heart cannot pump blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body's organs and tissues; may develop suddenly or over time

Valvular heart disease

damage to any of the 4 valves of the heart, individuals could be born with these defects or acquire them over time

Types of Cardiomyopathy

dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, idiopathic dilated

Alcoholism

disease where a person becomes dependent on alcohol

Cardiomyopathy

diseases of the heart muscle

Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

enlarged heart without a known cause

Pericardial effusion

fluid accumulation in the pericardium

Primary prevention

focuses on reaching people before they begin to use drugs or other substances to keep them from becoming abusers in the first place

Dilated

heart chambers are enlarged

Hypertrophic

heart muscle is thickened

Atrial or Ventricular Septal Defect

holes in the heart

Chronic disease

illness that persists over time; illness that lasts more than 3 months

Physiological effects of tobacco

increased blood pressure and heart rate, changes in blood flow, carbon monoxide makes it difficult for body to transport oxygen throughout the body

Pericarditis

inflammation of the pericardium

Diastolic

lowest pressure in the arteries (ventricular filling)

Heavy drinking

men: 2+ drinks a day; women: 1+ drinks a day

Binge drinking

men: 5+ drinks in two hours; women: 4+ drinks in two hours

Tertiary prevention

method people who have been abusing or dependent on substances for a long time and focuses on disease management

Behavioral Risks of Drug Abuse

motor accidents, becoming violent, causing property damages, participating in risky sexual activities

Coarctation

narrowing of a section of the aorta

Peripheral Artery Disease

occurs when plaque builds up on the inside wall of the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the head, internal organs, and limbs

1- 1.5 oz

one serving of liquor

CABG

open heart surgery in which a piece of blood vessel from another location is grafted onto one of the coronary arteries to reroute blood around a blockage

Arthritis

painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints

Systolic

peak pressure in the arteries (ventricles pumping)

Coronary Artery Disease

restriction of blood flow or blockage of arteries that lead to the heart

3 forms of tobacco use

smoking (mainstream smoke), smoke-less tobacco, second-hand smoke (sidestream smoke)

constrictive pericarditis

stiffness of the pericardium

Tobacco

the number one cause of all diseases, including chronic disease

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

the walls of the ventricles are stiff and resist the normal filling of the heart with blood

Rheumatoid Arthritis

thought to be the result of a faulty immune system resulting as a systemic inflammatory disease which manifests itself in multiple joints throughout the body

Cardiovascular disease

umbrella term that includes several diseases that affect the heart and/or blood vessels

Symptoms of Arrhythmia

weakness, fatigue, palpitations, low blood pressure, dizziness, and fainting

High Blood Pressure (hypertension)

when blood pumps through the blood vessels with excessive force against the walls of the arteries

Atherosclerosis

when fatty material called plaque builds up in the arteries around the heart