CIS 251 Test 1

What will the following code display? int number = 6; cout << number++ << endl;

6

What will the following code display? int number = 6; cout << ++number << endl;

7

What will the following code display? int number = 6; ++number; cout << number << endl;

7

This step will uncover any syntax errors in your program.

Compiling

If you intend to place a block of statements within an if statement, you must place these around the block.

Curly braces { }

You may not use the break statement in a nested loop.

FALSE

What will the following code display? cout << "Four\n" << "score\n"; cout << "and" << "\nseven"; cout << "\nyears" << " ago" << endl;

Four score and seven years ago

Which is true about the following statement? cout << setw(4) << num4 << " ";

It allows four spaces for the value in the variable num4.

Words that have a special meaning and may be used only for their intended purpose are known as:

Key Words

In C++ 11, if you want an integer literal to be treated as a long long int, you can append ________ at the end of the number.

LL

Associativity is either right to left or:

Left to right

In a C++ program, two slash marks ( // ) indicate:

The beginning of a comment

If you place a semicolon after the statement: if (x < y)

The compiler will interpret the semicolon as a null statement.

When the final value of an expression is assigned to a variable, it will be converted to:

The data type of the variable

An example of a secondary storage device is:

The disk drive

The name for a memory location that may hold data is

Variable

When a program lets the user know that an invalid choice has been made, this is known as:

input validation

Which of the following correctly consolidates the following declaration statements into one statement? int x = 7; int y = 16; int z = 28;

int x = 7, y = 16, z = 28;

In any program that uses the cin object, you must include the ________.

iostream header file

The while loop contains an expression that is tested for a true or false value, and a statement or block that is repeated as long as the expression:

is true

This manipulator causes the field to be left-justified with padding spaces printed to the right.

left

These operators connect two or more relational expressions into one, or reverse the logic of an expression.

logical

This is a control structure that causes a statement or group of statements to repeat.

loop

When an if statement is placed within the conditionally-executed code of another if statement, this is known as:

nesting

If you place a semicolon after the test expression in a while loop, it is assumed to be a(n):

null statement

Which statement is equivalent to the following? number += 1;

number = number + 1;

To write data to a file, you define an object of this data type.

ofstream

A file must be ________ before data can be written to or read from it.

opened

The do-while loop is considered a(n) ________ loop.

post-test

The while loop is this type of loop.

pre-test

This operator increments the value of its operand, then uses the value in context.

prefix increment

The ________ of a variable is limited to the block in which it is declared.

scope

This is a special value that marks the end of a list of values.

sentinel

The float data type is considered ________ precision, and the double data type is considered ________ precision.

single, double

This function in C++ allows you to identify how many bytes of storage on your computer system an integer data value requires.

sizeof

This may be used to write information to a file.

stream insertion operator

The first step in using the string class is to #include the ________ header file.

string

This statement uses the value of a variable or expression to determine where the program will branch to.

switch

Assuming x is 5, y is 6, and z is 8, which of the following is false? 1. x == 5; 2. 7 <= (x + 2); 3. z < = 4; 4. (1 + x) != y; 5. z >= 8; 6. x >= 0; 7. x <= (y * 2)

3 and 4 are false.

What is the value of number after the following statements execute? int number = 10; number += 5; number -= 2; number *= 3;

39

Which one of the following would be an illegal variable name?

3dGraph

What is the value of average after the following code executes? double average; average = 1.0 + 2.0 + 3.0 / 3.0;

4.0

Arithmetic operators that share the same precedence have right to left associativity.

FALSE

C++ 11 introduces an alternative way to define variables, using the template key word and an initialization value.

FALSE

If you do not follow a consistent programming style, your programs will generate compiler errors.

FALSE

If you want to know the length of the string that is stored in a string object, you can call the object's size member function.

FALSE

In C++, it is impossible to display the number 34.789 in a field of 9 spaces with 2 decimal places of precision.

FALSE

In programming, the terms "line" and "statement" always mean the same thing.

FALSE

These are used to declare variables that can hold real numbers.

Floating point data types

This is a volatile type of memory, used for temporary storage.

RAM

Multiple relational expressions cannot be placed into the test condition of a for loop.

TRUE

The term "bit" stands for binary digit.

TRUE

Programmer-defined names of memory locations that may hold data are

Variables

In C++, key words are written in all lowercase letters.

TRUE

Internally, the CPU consists of two parts:

The Control Unit and the Arithmetic and Logic Unit

Assuming outFile is a file stream object and number is a variable, which statement writes the contents of number to the file associated with outFile?

outFile << number;

When a variable is assigned a number that is too large for its data type, it:

overflows

This manipulator is used to establish a field width for the value immediately following it.

setw

Software engineering is a field that encompasses designing, writing, testing, debugging, documenting, modifying, and maintaining computer programs.

TRUE

The cin << statement will stop reading input when it encounters a newline character.

TRUE

The only difference between the get function and the >> operator is that get reads the first character typed, even if it is a space, tab, or the [Enter] key.

TRUE

The update expression of a for loop can contain more than one statement, e.g. counter++, total+= sales.

TRUE

When C++ is working with an operator, it strives to convert the operands to the same type.

TRUE

When the fixed manipulator is used, the value specified by the setprecision manipulator will be the number of digits to appear after the decimal point.

TRUE

When typing in your source code into the computer, you must be very careful since most of your C++ instructions, header files, and variable names are case sensitive.

TRUE

When writing long integer literals or long long integer literals in C++ 11, you can use either an uppercase or lowercase L.

TRUE

You should be careful when using the equality operator to compare floating point values because of potential round-off errors.

TRUE

string objects have a member function named c_str that returns the contents of the object formatted as a null-terminated C-string.

TRUE

What will the following segment of code output? score = 40; if (score > 95) cout << "Congratulations!\n"; cout << "That's a high score!\n"; cout << "This is a test question!" << endl;

That's a high score! This is a test question!

The numeric data types in C++ can be broken into two general categories:

integer and floating point

This is used to mark the end of a complete C++ programming statement.

Semicolon

In C++ the = operator indicates:

assignment

The statements in the body of a while loop may never be executed, whereas the statements in the body of a do-while loop will be executed:

at least once

In C++ 11, the ________ tells the compiler to determine the variable's data type from the initialization value.

auto key word

What will the following loop display? int x = 0; while (x < 5) { cout << x << endl; x++; }

0 1 2 3 4

This operator performs a logical NOT operation.

!

This operator takes an operand and reverses its truth or falsehood.

!

Which of the following is a preprocessor directive?

#include <iostream>

The ________ causes the contents of another file to be inserted into a program.

#include directive

What is the modulus operator?

%

This operator represents the logical AND.

&&

You can use these to override the rules of operator precedence in a mathematical expression.

(Parentheses)

When this operator is used with string operands it concatenates them, or joins them together.

+

These are operators that add and subtract one from their operands.

++ and --

What is the value of donuts after the following code executes? int donuts = 10; if (donuts = 1) donuts = 0; else donuts += 2;

0

What is the value stored at x, given the statements: int x; x = 3 / static_cast<int>(4.5 + 6.4);

0

What will the following program display? #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int a = 0, b = 2, x = 4, y = 0; cout << (a == b) << " "; cout << (a != b) << " "; cout << (b <=x) << " "; cout << (y > a) << endl; return 0; }

0 1 1 0

After execution of the following code, what will be the value of input_value if the value 0 is entered at the keyboard at run time? cin >> input_value; if (input_value > 5) input_value = input_value + 5; else if (input_value > 2) input_value = input_value + 10; else input_value = input_value + 15;

15

How many times will the following loop display "Hello"? for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++) cout << "Hello!" << endl;

19

What is the value of cookies after the execution of the following statements? int number = 38, children = 4, cookies; cookies = number % children;

2

What will the value of result be after the following statement executes? result = 6 - 3 * 2 + 7 - 10 / 2 ;

2

What will the value of x be after the following statements execute? int x; x = 18 % 4;

2

How many times will the following loop display "Hello"? for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) cout << "Hello!" << endl;

20

How many times will the following loop display "Hello"? for (int i = 20; i > 0; i--) cout << "Hello!" << endl;

20

What will be the value of result after the following code has been executed? int a = 60; int b = 15; int result = 10; if (a = b) result *= 2;

20

How many times will the following loop display "Hello"? for (int i = 0; i <= 20; i++) cout << "Hello!" << endl;

21

Given the following code segment, what is output after "result = "? int x = 1, y = 1, z = 1; y = y + z; x = x + y; cout << "result = " << (x < y ? y : x) << endl;

3

What will the following code display? int x = 0; for (int count = 0; count < 3; count++) x += count; cout << x << endl;

3

Assuming you are using a system with 1-byte characters, how many bytes of memory will the following string literal occupy? "William"

8

Which line in the following program will cause a compiler error? 1 #include <iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 int main() 5 { 6 int number = 5; 7 8 if (number >= 0 && <= 100) 9 cout << "passed.\n"; 10 else 11 cout << "failed.\n"; 12 return 0; 13 }

8

Which value can be entered to cause the following code segment to display the message: "That number is acceptable." int number; cin >> number; if (number > 10 && number < 100) cout << "That number is acceptable.\n"; else cout << "That number is not acceptable.\n";

99

Look at the following statement. while (x++ < 10) Which operator is used first?

<

This operator is used in C++ to represent equality.

==

The ________ operator always follows the cin object, and the ________ operator follows the cout object.

>>, <<

The programmer usually enters source code into a computer using:

A text editor

What statement best describes a variable and its primary purpose?

A variable is a named storage location in the computer's memory used for holding a piece of information.

A set of well-defined steps for performing a task or solving a problem is known as a(n):

Algorithm

Which of the following best describes an operator?

An operator allows you to perform operations on one or more pieces of data.

What will the following segment of code output if the value 11 is entered at the keyboard? int number; cin >> number; if (number > 0) cout << "C++"; else cout << "Soccer"; cout << " is "; cout << "fun" << endl;

C++ is fun

During which stage does the central processing unit analyze the instruction and encode it in the form of a number, and then generate an electronic signal?

Decode

You must have a ________ for every variable you intend to use in a program.

Definition

The programming process consists of several steps, which include:

Design, Creation, Testing, and Debugging

This term refers to the programmer reading the program from the beginning and stepping through each statement.

Desk Checking

A variable called "average" should be declared as an integer data type because it will probably hold data that contains decimal places.

FALSE

A while loop is somewhat limited, because the counter can only be incremented by one each time through the loop.

FALSE

In a broad sense, the two primary categories of programming languages are:

Low-level and High-level

The statement: cin >> setw(10) >> str; will read up to this many characters into str.

Nine

When converting some algebraic expressions to C++, you may need to insert ________ that do not appear in the algebraic expression.

Parentheses

A CPU really only understands instructions that are written in machine language.

TRUE

A preprocessor directive does not require a semicolon at the end.

TRUE

A while loop's body can contain multiple statements, as long as they are enclosed in braces.

TRUE

What will the following segment of code output? Assume the user enters a grade of 90 from the keyboard. cout << "Enter a test score: "; cin >> test_score; if (test_score < 60); cout << "You failed the test!" << endl; if (test_score > 60) cout << "You passed the test!" << endl; else cout << "You need to study for the next test!";

You failed the test! You passed the test!

Which character signifies the beginning of an escape sequence?

\

A loop that is inside another loop is called:

a nested loop

The while loop has two important parts: an expression that is tested for a true or false value, and:

a statement or block that is repeated as long as the expression is true

Given that, x = 2, y = 1, and z = 0, what will the following cout statement display? cout << "answer = " << (x || !y && z) << endl;

answer = 1

A variable whose value can be either true or false is of this data type.

bool

This statement causes a loop to terminate early.

break

Without this statement appearing in a switch construct, the program "falls through" all of the statements below the one with the matching case expression.

break

A file ________ is a small holding section of memory that file-bound information is first written to.

buffer

The ________ causes a program to wait until information is typed at the keyboard and the Enter key is pressed.

cin object

This statement will pause the screen, until the [Enter] key is pressed.

cin.get();

You want the user to enter the length, width, and height from the keyboard. Which cin statement is correctly written?

cin.get(length, width, height);

This function tells the cin object to skip one or more characters in the keyboard buffer.

cin.ignore

Assuming dataFile is a file stream object, the statement: dataFile.close();

closes a file

The function, pow(x, 5.0), requires this header file.

cmath

When using the sqrt function you must include this header file.

cmath

Relational operators allow you to ________ numbers.

compare

This statement may be used to stop a loop's current iteration and begin the next one.

continue

This is a variable that is regularly incremented or decremented each time a loop iterates.

counter

To use the rand() function, you must #include this header file in your program.

cstdlib

What is the value of the following expression? true && false

false

What will be the output of the following code segment after the user enters 0 at the keyboard? int x = -1; cout << "Enter a 0 or a 1 from the keyboard: "; cin >> x; if (x) cout << "true" << endl; else cout << "false" << endl;

false

This stream manipulator forces cout to print the digits in fixed-point notation.

fixed

This is a variable, usually a bool or an int, that signals when a condition exists.

flag

If you want a user to enter exactly 20 values, which loop would be the best to use?

for

This loop is a good choice when you know how many times you want the loop to iterate in advance of entering the loop.

for

To allow file access in a program, you must #include this header file.

fstream

Every complete C++ program must have a ________.

function named main

________ reads a line of input, including leading and embedded spaces, and stores it in a string object.

getline

Which statement will read an entire line of input into the following string object? string address;

getline(cin, address);

Which statement allows you to properly check the char variable code to determine whether it is equal to a "C" and then output "This is a check" and then advance to a new line?

if (code == 'C') cout << "This is a check\n";

To read data from a file, you define an object of this data type.

ifstream

This means to increase a value by one.

increment

Something within a while loop must eventually cause the condition to become false, or a(n) ________ results.

infinite loop

In a for statement, this expression is executed only once.

initialization

What is the value of the following expression? false || true

true

What is the value of the following expression? true && true

true

What is the value of the following expression? true || true

true

A for statement contains three expressions: initialization, test, and

update

You may define a ________ in the initialization expression of a for loop.

variable

This is a pre-test loop that is ideal in situations where you do not want the loop to iterate if the condition is false from the beginning.

while

Which statement is equivalent to the following? x = x * 2;

x *= 2;

Which of the following expressions will determine whether x is less than or equal to y?

x <= y

In the following C++ statement, what will be executed first according to the order of precedence? result = 6 - 3 * 2 + 7 - 10 / 2 ;

3 * 2

The default section of a switch statement performs a similar task as the ________ portion of an if/else if statement.

trailing else

When a relational expression is false, it has the value ________.

zero

This operator is known as the logical OR operator.

||

Assume that x is an int variable. What value is assigned to x after the following assignment statement is executed? x = -3 + 4 % 6 / 5;

—3

It is possible to define a file stream object and open a file in one statement.

TRUE

If you want to stop a loop before it goes through all its iterations, the break statement may be used.

TRUE

What is assigned to the variable a given the statement below with the following assumptions: x = 10, y = 7, and z, a, and b are all int variables. a = x >= y;

1

What is the output of the following code? int w = 98; int x = 99; int y = 0; int z = 1; if (x >= 99) { if (x < 99) cout << y << endl; else cout << z << endl; } else { if (x == 99) cout << x << endl; else cout << w << endl; }

1

If the sub-expression on the left side of an && operator is false, the expression on the right side will not be checked.

TRUE

What will the following program segment display? int funny = 7, serious = 15; funny = serious % 2; if (funny != 1) { funny = 0; serious = 0; } else if (funny == 2) { funny = 10; serious = 10; } else { funny = 1; serious = 1; } cout << funny << " " << serious << endl;

1 1

What is the output of the following code segment? n = 1; for ( ; n <= 5; ) cout << n << ' '; n++;

1 1 1 ... and on forever

What is the output of the following code segment? n = 1; while (n <= 5) cout << n << ' '; n++;

1 1 1... and on forever

What is the value of donuts after the following code executes? int donuts = 10; if (donuts != 10) donuts = 0; else donuts += 2;

12

What is the output of the following segment of code if the value 4 is input by the user when asked to enter a number? int num; int total = 0; cout << "Enter a number from 1 to 10: "; cin >> num; switch (num) { case 1: case 2: total = 5; case 3: total = 10; case 4: total = total + 3; case 8: total = total + 6; default: total = total + 4; } cout << total << endl;

13

What will the value of x be after the following statements execute? int x = 0; int y = 5; int z = 4; x = y + z * 2;

13

In C++ 11 you can pass a string object as argument to a file stream object's open member function.

TRUE

What will the following code display? int number = 6 int x = 0; x = --number; cout << x << endl;

5

What will the following code display? int number = 6; int x = 0; x = number--; cout << x << endl;

6

Which line in the following program will cause a compiler error? 1 #include <iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 int main() 5 { 6 const int MY_VAL; 7 MY_VAL = 77; 8 cout << MY_VAL << endl; 9 return 0; 10 }

6

What will the following code display? int number = 6; number++; cout << number << endl;

7

Which line in the following program will cause a compiler error? 1 #include <iostream> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 int main() 5 { 6 const int MY_VAL = 77; 7 MY_VAL = 99; 8 cout << MY_VAL << endl; 9 return 0; 10 }

7

Input values should always be checked for:

A) Appropriate range B) Reasonableness C) Division by zero, if division is taking place D) All of these

The total number of digits that appear before and after the decimal point is sometimes referred to as:

A) floating points B) significant digits C) precision D) B and C E) None of these

For every opening brace in a C++ program, there must be a:

Closing brace

________ are used to translate each source code instruction into the appropriate machine language instruction.

Compilers

The C++ language requires that you give variables names that indicate what the variables are used for.

FALSE

The condition that is tested by a while loop must be enclosed in parentheses and terminated with a semicolon.

FALSE

The default section is required in a switch statement.

FALSE

The fixed manipulator causes a number to be displayed in scientific notation.

FALSE

The following code correctly determines whether x contains a value in the range of 0 through 100. if (x >= 0 && <= 100)

FALSE

The following statement will output $5.00 to the screen: cout << setprecision(5) << dollars << endl;

FALSE

The increment and decrement operators can be used in mathematical expressions; however, they cannot be used in relational expressions.

FALSE

The scope of a variable declared in a for loop's initialization expression always extends beyond the body of the loop.

FALSE

When a program uses the setw manipulator, the iosetwidth header file must be included in a preprocessor directive.

FALSE

You may nest while and do-while loops, but you may not nest for loops

FALSE

You may not use the break and continue statements within the same set of nested loops.

FALSE

Three primary activities of a program are:

Input, Processing, and Output

If the sub-expression on the left side of the || operator is true, the expression on the right side will not be checked.

TRUE

A(n) ________ is a set of instructions that the computer follows to solve a problem.

Program

Whereas < is called a relational operator, x < y is called a(n) ________.

Relational expression

An expression that has any value other than 0 is considered true by an if statement.

TRUE

An initialization expression may be omitted from the for loop if no initialization is required.

TRUE

An output file is a file that data is written to.

TRUE

As a rule of style, when writing an if statement you should indent the conditionally-executed statements.

TRUE

Both of the following if statements perform the same operation. if (sales > 10000) commissionRate = 0.15; if (sales > 10000) commissionRate = 0.15;

TRUE

C++ does not have a built in data type for storing strings of characters.

TRUE

Escape sequences are always stored internally as a single character.

TRUE

Floating point constants are normally stored in memory as doubles.

TRUE

What is the output of the following code segment? int x = 5; if (x = 2) cout << "This is true!" << endl; else cout << "This is false!" << endl; cout << "This is all folks!" << endl;

This is true! This is all folks!

Which of the following defines a double-precision floating point variable named payCheck?

double payCheck;

The do-while loop is a(n) ________ loop that is ideal in situations where you always want the loop to iterate at least once.

post-test

When the increment operator precedes its operand, as in ++num1, the expression is in this mode.

prefix

Character constants in C++ are always enclosed in ________.

'single quotation marks'

What will the following code display? int x = 0, y = 1, z = 2; cout << x << y << z << endl;

012

What is the output of the following statement? cout << 4 * (15 / (1 + 3)) << endl;

12

Look at the following program and answer the question that follows it. 1 // This program displays my gross wages. 2 // I worked 40 hours and I make $20.00 per hour. 3 #include <iostream> 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() 7 { 8 int hours; 9 double payRate, grossPay; 10 11 hours = 40; 12 payRate = 20.0; 13 grossPay = hours * payRate; 14 cout << "My gross pay is $" << grossPay << endl; 15 return 0; 16 } Which line(s) in this program cause output to be displayed on the screen?

14

What will the value of x be after the following statements execute? int x; x = 18 / 4;

4

What will the value of x be after the following statements execute? int x; x = 18.0 / 4;

4.5

An Integrated Development Environment typically consists of:

A) A text editor B) A compiler C) A debugger D) All of the above

Of the following, which is a valid C++ identifier?

A) June1997 B) _employee_number C) ___department D) myExtraLongVariableName E) All of the above are valid identifiers.

Which of the following is a common input device?

A) Keyboard B) Mouse C) Scanner D) Microphone E) All of the above

At the heart of a computer is its central processing unit. The CPU's job is:

A) To fetch instructions B) To carry out the operations commanded by the instructions C) To produce some outcome or resultant information D) All of the above

The ________ decodes an instruction and generates electrical signals.

Control Unit

Machine language is an example of a high-level language.

FALSE

Programs are commonly referred to as hardware.

FALSE

Pseudocode is a form of program statement that will always evaluate to "false."

FALSE

The preprocessor executes after the compiler.

FALSE

A(n) ________ is a diagram that shows the logical flow of a program.

Flowchart

What will the following code display? cout << "Four " << "score "; cout << "and " << "seven/n"; cout << "years" << "ago" << endl;

Four score and seven/nyearsago

What will the following code display? cout << "Four" << "score" << endl; cout << "and" << "seven" << endl; cout << "years" << "ago" << endl;

Fourscore andseven yearsago

Besides decimal, two other number systems you might encounter in C++ programs are:

Hexadecimal and Octal

These are data items whose values do not change while the program is running.

Literals

Mistakes that cause a running program to produce incorrect results are called:

Logic errors

What will the following code display? cout << "Monday"; cout << "Tuesday"; cout << "Wednesday";

MondayTuesdayWednesday

If you use a C++ key word as an identifier, your program will:

Not compile

In memory, C++ automatically places a ________ at the end of string literals.

Null terminator

A(n) ________ is the most fundamental set of programs on a computer.

Operating System

Characters or symbols that perform operations on one or more operands are:

Operators

Which of the following is not one of the five major components of a computer system?

Preprocessor

A statement that starts with a # symbol is called a:

Preprocessor directive

This is used in a program to mark the beginning or ending of a statement, or separate items in a list.

Punctuation

The computer's main memory is commonly known as:

RAM

Even when there is no power to the computer, data can be held in:

Secondary storage

A character literal is enclosed in ________ quotation marks, whereas a string literal is enclosed in ________ quotation marks.

Single, double

Computer programs are also known as:

Software

The statements written by the programmer are called

Source code

In the process of translating a source file into an executable file, which of the following is the correct sequence?

Source code, preprocessor, modified source code, compiler, object code, linker, executable code.

This is a complete instruction that causes the computer to perform some action.

Statement

In programming terms, a group of characters inside a set of quotation marks is called a(n):

String literal

This is a set of rules that must be followed when constructing a program.

Syntax

The CPU is the most important component in a computer because without it, the computer could not run software.

TRUE

________ must be included in any program that uses the cout object.

The header file iostream

What will the following code display? int number = 7; cout << "The number is " << "number" << endl;

The number is number

What does the term hardware refer to?

The physical components that a computer is made of

A variable declaration announces the name of a variable that will be used in a program, as well as:

The type of data it will be used to hold

The purpose of a memory address is

To identify the location of a byte in memory

________ represent storage locations in the computer's memory.

Variables

Which escape sequence causes the cursor to move to the beginning of the current line?

\r

This control sequence is used to skip over to the next horizontal tab stop.

\t

Which data type typically requires only one byte of storage?

char

The ________ is/are used to display information on the computer's screen.

cout object

During which stage does the central processing unit retrieve from main memory the next instruction in the sequence of program instructions?

fetch

Assume that a program has the following variable definition: char letter;

letter = 'Z';

Assume that a program has the following string object definition: string name; Which of the following statements correctly assigns a string literal to the string object?

name = "Jane";

A variable's ________ is the part of the program that has access to the variable.

scope