CIS 3130 Midterm Study Guide
The purpose of a ________ is to help prevent counterfeiting by making it possible to trace illegal copies of digital media to the original purchaser.
. digital watermark
Which of the following features is a critical success factor for internal Enterprise 2.0 tools?
A corporate culture of knowledge sharing, trust, and honest feedback
Which type of organizational strategy is used by Walmart?
Low-cost leadership
Which of the following is NOT a critical factor in a successful viral marketing campaign?
Make it difficult to find the ad on the Web.
Which characteristic of cloud computing allows users to pay an hourly charge for server usage instead of a fixed price?
Measured service
Which of the following factors is NOT a limitation on consumer-to-consumer e-commerce?
More widely available buyers and sellers
______________ enables consumers to manage credit card, checking, or savings accounts online.
Online banking
_______describes moral issues and standards of conduct as they pertain to the use of information systems.
Computer ethics
Which of the following perspectives focuses on using information systems to improve business processes based on the analysis of past behavior?
Organizational learning
_____________ decisions are relatively straightforward and usually can be programmed directly into ____________ information systems.
Structured; operational
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of e-tailing over traditional brick-and-mortar retailing?
Customers find it more comfortable to shop and easier to return unwanted items.
Which of the following is NOT one of Porter's five primary competitive forces?
Information
Which of the following challenges of innovative information systems is illustrated by the "format wars" of Blu-ray versus HD-DVD?
Innovation is often risky.
If you join an online forum just to post inflammatory content for entertainment, you would be considered a(n) __________________.
Internet troll
________ is a body of governing procedures, such as guidelines or rules, which are used to organize or manipulate data to make it suitable for a given task.
Knowledge
The notion that organizations will not adopt a new technology unless they see tangible benefits is called ________________.
Technological inertia
Which of the following IT megatrends is concerned with the networked connection of a wide array of devices using the Internet?
The Internet of Things
Which of the following is the best definition of globalization?
The integration of economies throughout the world, enabled by innovation and technological progress
Which of the following statements gives the best description of the purpose of collaboration management tools?
These tools are used to facilitate virtual or collocated meetings and manage group activities
Which of the following statements best describes collaboration?
Three people from different departments work together on a sales presentation.
Microsoft Office 2016 is considered _________________ software as it helps individuals and organizations with personal productivity.
application
Which of the following terms refers to a system of interlinked documents on the Internet?
World Wide Web
An e-business revenue model that involves paying businesses that bring or refer customers to another business is called ________.
affiliate marketing
Software that streamlines and automates business processes and enables organizations to use data effectively is called _______ software.
application
When organizations store data for _______ purposes, the most common media used is magnetic tape due to its portability and durability.
archival
Workflow automation systems are useful as a(n) _______ groupware tool.
asynchronous
Today, computing has changed from an activity primarily focused on _______ to one that encompasses many social and casual activities.
automating work
The transmission capacity of a computer or communications channel, measured in bits per second, is called the ________.
bandwidth
People and organizations create ______ to share ideas, experiences, news, and opinions.
blogs
By monitoring the _________, website owners can learn which pages receive single views and do not cause visitors to stay at the site.
bounce rate
Companies such as Barnes & Noble that conduct business online plus operate physical stores are called _______________ companies.
brick-and-click
The alignment of _______ is a continuous process of adjusting business goals and the information systems infrastructure to achieve business objectives.
business and information technology (IT)
Today, organizations collect and analyze vast amounts of data for _______.
business intelligence
The type of information system that includes methods and systems for analyzing data warehouses to better understand various aspects of a business is a(n) _______.
business intelligence system
Organizations offering a free basic subscription that can be upgraded to a fee-based, premium subscription offering more features is applying the ________ subscription business model.
freemium
The ___________ component of the IS infrastructure consists of the computers that run the applications and databases necessary for processing transactions or analyzing business data.
hardware
Using information systems to develop extensive knowledge of your customers, thereby providing high-quality customer service, ________.
increases customer switching costs
Having to deal with taxes, tariffs, and import and export regulations is a(n) ________ challenge associated with operating in the digital world.
regulatory
Having the human capital needed to deploy innovative information systems is associated with ________________ requirements.
resource
Online merchants can protect themselves from fraudulent purchase transactions by assessing various fraud indicators, such as _______________.
misspellings in billing addresses
______________ refers to any electronic transaction or information interaction conducted using a wireless mobile device and mobile networks (wireless or switched public network) that leads to the transfer of real or perceived value in exchange for information, services, or goods.
mobile commerce
Successful Web 2.0 applications rely on the ______, the notion that the value of the application increases as the number of users increases.
network effect
The fact that the value of a company such as eBay increases as more people join and use eBay is characterized as the _________.
network effect
"My Starbucks Idea," which provides customers a location to post suggestions, is a type of ____________ innovation.
open
Successful Enterprise 2.0 applications will thrive in organizations that have the correct _______.
organizational culture
Based on the concept of collective intelligence, _______ is the creation of goods or services by self-organizing communities.
peer production
The concept of _______requires owners of hardware and software to perform periodic replacements or upgrades.
planned obsolescence
When a system is only planned to be implemented for five years and then purposefully phased out and replaced with a new system, this is called ______________________.
planned obsolescence
Microsoft's decision to bundle word processing, spreadsheet, and database software is considered a(n) ___________________ innovation.
product system
When organizations obtain services from a cloud service provider such as Amazon on a pay-per-use basis, they are using a _____ cloud.
public
A surprising recommendation from the disruptive innovation cycle is:
put technology ahead of strategy
The____________ describe(s) how the firm earns revenue, generates profits, and produces a superior return on invested capital.
revenue model
An advantage of the click-only e-commerce strategy is _______________.
rock-bottom prices can be offered because the costs of maintaining physical store locations are avoided
With the _______ Web, search engines will be able to give richer and more accurate responses to search requests.
semantic
The purpose of a ________ is primarily to provide services to users within large organizations or to Web users.
server
A disadvantage of mobile computing is the increase in the practice of ______________, in which customers view a product in a store but purchase the product later online from another source.
showrooming
If a person shops for a new laptop at a Best Buy store but then actually purchases the laptop later from Amazon, the person is engaging in the practice of ________________.
showrooming
Many organizations are faced with the constant need to upgrade to new and improved versions of software that offer better performance and more features. This phenomenon is called _______.
software obsolescence
Organizations that build _______ information systems create systems that are paramount to business success.
strategic
A critical aspect of website design is that of __________, which refers to characteristics that influence the site's security and performance.
structural firmness
Which of the following terms refers to website characteristics that influence a site's security and performance?
structural firmness
Which type of innovation encourages employees to use their talents in innovative ways?
structure
A business that creates advertisements in a way that entices viewers to share the message with their friends through email or social networks is engaging in ________.
viral marketing
Businesses that sell goods electronically in cyberspace with no physical store locations are known as ______________ companies.
virtual
Companies that conduct business only in cyberspace and have no physical store locations are referred to as _______________ companies.
virtual
Organizations frequently rely on ______, comprised of members from different geographic areas, assembled as needed to collaborate on a certain project.
virtual teams
A _______ is a Web site that allows people to post, add, edit, comment, and access information, including a database that keeps a history of all prior versions and changes.
wiki
______ have greatly facilitated collaboration by allowing for easy access and easy transfer of documents.
Cloud-based collaboration tools
Which of the following IT megatrends is concerned with the generation, collection, and analysis of vast quantities of unstructured data?
Big Data
Which of the following competency areas sets an IS professional apart from others and may help protect a person's job from the threat of outsourcing.
Business competency
Which of the following is NOT an element of an organization's information systems infrastructure?
Business processes
______ is(are) the activity(ies) organizations perform in order to reach their business goals.
Business processes
Organizations are using an automated system called ______________ to initiate conversations with customers.
Chatbots
The job description for the _______ is "responsible for strategic planning and IS use throughout the firm."
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between data and information?
Data are raw facts with no meaning in and of themselves, whereas information is data that has been transformed to be useful.
Which of the following is considered a source of competitive advantage for an organization?
Delivering superior customer service
Which type of organizational strategy is used by Porsche?
Differentiation
Which of the following terms refers to the modern phenomenon in which those with access to information technology have great advantages over those without access to information technology?
Digital divide
According to the text, the picture phone was first shown by ___________ in the 1960s.
Disney
Which of the following is NOT a recommended guideline by the Computer Ethics Institute for the ethical use of computers?
Do not think about the social consequences of programs you write or systems you design
Which of the following is NOT a factor in the phenomenon of online shoppers abandoning their shopping carts and not following through on a purchase?
Excitement to order the product
Which U.S. Federal Trade Commission document is intended to encourage businesses to make their privacy policies readily available to consumers?
Fair Information Practice Principles
A social website related to precious metals offers members a discount on silver Australian Kookaburra earrings if enough members are willing to purchase them. Which type of business model does this situation illustrate?
Group buying
Using sensors to improve supply chains to increase operational efficiency is part of the __________________.
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
Which of the following involves moving business processes to another company or country?
Outsourcing
Which of the following is NOT a valid approach to use in assessing the value of an organization's IS infrastructure
Predictive value
Which type of innovation is illustrated by Toyota implementing lean production principles?
Process
____________ ensure(s) that different computers are able to send and receive messages to/from other computers.
Protocols
Which of the following allows customers to scan bar codes with their mobile phones to learn more about a product?
QR codes
Which of the following can be embedded in a pet for identification purposes in case the animal is lost?
RFID tag
Which of the following is a characteristic of social commerce?
Receiving product recommendations based on the buying habits of similar shoppers
The main innovation attributed to Web 2.0 is accredited to _____________________.
Social media
Which of the following cloud computing service models allows the customer to use only applications provided by a cloud infrastructure?
Software as a service (SaaS)
Which of the following statements about using information systems as a strategic innovation is true?
Using information systems to gain competitive advantage in operating efficiencies will be readily imitated by rivals and is not easily sustained.
________ can be used to identify opportunities to apply information systems to support activities performed throughout the business and thereby gain a competitive advantage.
Value chain analysis
Traditional task forces are more strategically being replaced with _____________.
Virtual teams
Which of the following is NOT one of the IT megatrends that is currently shaping organizations and society?
Wearable technology
Web pages are stored on _____________, which process user requests for those Web pages using ___________.
Web servers; hypertext transfer protocol
_______ is the distribution of digital media for on-demand playback on digital media players.
Webcasts
Which of the following is an example of a cloud-based messaging tool?
When a company allows a customer to opt-in and/or opt-out with respect to the data it collects, it is implementing the _________ fair information practice principle.
choice/content
A characteristic that distinguishes the Web 1.0 era from the Web 2.0 era is:
collaboration and content creation by users.
Information systems such as those created by Federal Express are created with the intent of gaining a(n) _______.
competitive advantage
Which of the following is NOT an important consideration for organizations contemplating using the services of a public cloud service provider?
complexity
A dangerous aspect of Enterprise 2.0 applications that allow close collaboration by increasing data sharing is_______.
concern about security
When a person purchases an item from another person via eBay, we have a(n) ______ transaction.
consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
A key success metric for an e-commerce website measuring the percentage of visitors who perform the desired action is the _____________.
conversion rate
The phenomenon of ________ enables companies to use everyday people as a cheap labor force.
crowdsourcing
Without context, the numbers 14, 7, 21, 22, and 15 would be considered ____________.
data
________ is(are) considered among the most important assets an organization has, other than its people.
data
According to your textbook, a degree in information systems serves as a precursor to becoming a ___________, which is a position experiencing the highest demand in business today.
data scientist
A(n) _______ is a collection of related data organized in a way that facilitates data searches.
database
Software that allows an organization to more easily store, retrieve, and analyze its data is called ________ software.
database management
A widely-used tool for asynchronous group communication is the _____________.
discussion forum
Buying and selling on the Web has disrupted many industries due to _____________, the elimination of the need for a middleman.
disintermediation
Organizations can more effectively respond to disruptive innovations in their industry by following the _______________ process.
disruptive growth engine
A new technology, product, or service that eventually surpasses the existing dominant technology, product, or service in the market is termed a ________.
disruptive innovation
A(n) _______ is a technology, product, or service that eventually surpasses the existing dominant technology or product in a market.
disruptive innovation
The exchange of goods, services, and money between firms and customers, supported by the Internet, is termed _________________.
e-commerce
At the tactical level of the organization, managers focus on using organizational resources to increase ______________.
effectiveness
By creating an employee portal based on a company intranet, organizations can provide many human resource capabilities to their employees via _____________.
employee self-service
In order to improve their websites, companies should track the ____________, which is the percentage of visitors who leave the website after viewing that page.
exit rate
Enterprise 2.0 offers businesses all of the following advantages EXCEPT _______.
increasing the difficulty of expanding their market share
A list of potential donors who live in Seattle and enjoy sports would be considered ___________.
information
The computer ethics issue of ________ is concerned about who owns the information that is stored about people.
information property rights
Issues associated with computer ethics include all of the following except:
information redundancy
A(n) _______ is a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunication networks built by people and organizations to collect, create, and distribute useful data.
information system
An organization's ______ enables the processing, storing, and transmitting of data at the organization level.
information systems infrastructure
A popular synchronous Enterprise 2.0 application that enables multiple participants to communicate is _______.
instant messaging
Organizations can utilize Web-based technologies to support proprietary, internal communications by implementing a(n) _____________.
intranet
An e-business revenue model that involves users paying a fee for using protected intellectual property is called ________.
licensing
One of the challenges for smaller businesses in using collaborative Enterprise 2.0 tools is ________.
limited network effects because of failure to achieve critical mass
A network that allows connected computers to share data, software applications, or other resources, typically within a limited geographic area, is called a ______.
local area network
Because of ubiquitous network availability and GPS functionality, ____________ is(are) a key driver for mobile commerce.
location-based services
When e-tailers can cater to niche markets in addition to (or instead of) selling purely mainstream products, they are said to be utilizing the concept of the _______.
long tails
The _____ class of computers is used primarily as the main, central computing system for major corporations and can cost up to $10 million dollars.
mainframe
Information systems at the ______________ level of an organization helps to improve effectiveness by automating the monitoring and controlling of operational activities.
managerial
When a travel company combines mapping data, photos, reference information, hotel prices, and weather information to provide a comprehensive overview of travel destinations, the organization has created a(n) ________________.
mashup
A(n) _______ is a new application or website that uses data from one or more service providers to create a unique application.
mashup
A business model enabled by Web technologies is that of ______________, in which firms tailor products and services to a customer's particular needs on a large scale.
mass customization
Doing business over the Web has enabled companies to tailor their products and services to meet customer needs on a large scale. This is referred to as ______________.
mass customization
The ___________ e-business revenue model involves users paying a monthly or yearly recurring fee for the use of the product or service.
subscription
The purpose of a ________ is primarily to assist in solving massive scientific problems.
supercomputer
_______ software is necessary to enable the application software to interact with the various types of hardware.
system
The job description for a _________ is "responsible for analyzing business requirements and selecting information systems that meet those needs."
systems analyst
The act of _______ involves manually adding metadata to documents and other types of media to help in social cataloging.
tagging
An on-going controversial issue with regard to e-commerce is that of ______________.
taxation
Using a Fitbit to log activities is potentially the beginning of ___________, which is the notion of logging all aspects of life.
the quantified self
A service provided on a mobile device that provides the ability to see another person's location is called the ______________ location-based service.
tracking
A(n) _______ refers to anything that occurs as a part of an organization's daily business for which a record must be kept.
transaction
The category of information system that is used to process transactions and generate data is ________.
transaction processing systems
Cloud computing is based on a ___________ model of computing that includes renting resources, which transforms capital expenditures to operational expenditure.
utility
The activity of analyzing an organization to determine where value is added to products or services is called ________.
value chain analysis
Establishing electronic connections with suppliers and customers is one way organizations enhance their _______ with information systems.
value chains
The ________ component of a business model outlines the utility that the product or service has to offer the customer.
value proposition
The form of e-commerce that is the largest in terms of sales dollar volume is ____________ e-commerce.
business-to-business (B2B)
The largest form of e-commerce in terms of revenues is ________.
business-to-business (B2B)
When consumers purchase goods from a business, the transaction is termed ______ e-commerce.
business-to-consumer (B2C)
When a governmental agency uses e-procurement to obtain needed materials from suppliers, it is engaging in ________ e-commerce.
government-to-business (G2B)
Information technology (IT) includes:
hardware, software, and telecommunications networks.
Data privacy statements on an organization's Web site satisfy the ________ fair information practice principle.
notice/awareness
The cloud computing characteristic that allows users to access cloud resources quickly and easily is called ______.
on-demand self-service
In the ________ pricing model, the firm running the advertisement pays only when a Web surfer actually clicks on the advertisement.
pay-per-click
The three basic capabilities provided by an organization's information systems infrastructure are ________ of data.
processing, storing, and transmitting
The _______ breaks down business processes into individual "building blocks" that are simple, modular, reusable, and interoperable.
service-oriented architecture
