CIS Anatomy & Physiology Bones and Muscles Review

How many of the following classifications of joints based on anatomical structure are correct: articular, fibrous, cartiliginous, synovial

3

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term osteocyte? A) secretes organic matrix B) dissolves matrix C) stem cell D) mature bone cell E) bone cell that breaks down bone tissue to release calcium

D) mature bone cell

The region of the sarcomere that contains thin filaments only is the

I band

The substance that is needed for muscle contraction to begin is:

calcium

Which of these is NOT a property of articular cartilage?

composed of osteocytes

What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?

femur

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of

flexion and extension

The movements know as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the

foot

The type of joint that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a

gomphosis

Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?

increases osmotic pressure within a joint

Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion?

moving the hand toward the shoulder

Which of the following bones in NOT a part of the appendicular skeleton?

sacrum

The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the

sarcomere

The male has a _______ pelvic girdle when compared to the women's pelvic girdle

smaller

A suture is an example of a(n)

synarthrosis

Of the following descriptions of connective tissue in the muscular system, how many are correct?

1

How many of the following statements regarding contraction are INCORRECT -ACh assists in transferring the action potential from neuron to muscle fiber -each muscle fiber has only one neuromuscular junction -the formation of cross-bridges between myosin and actin does not require ATP -contraction lengthens a muscle fiber, while relaxation shortens the muscle fiber

2

Put the following steps of bone repair in correct sequence: 1. Cartilage in the external callus is replaced by bone 2. An area of clotting around the injury site occurs 3. An internal callus forms at the site of the injury 4. Osteoclasts remodel the bone at the site of repair

2, 3, 1, 4

How many of the following descriptions of the skeletal system functions are used correctly: -Blood cell production: making red and white blood cells -Leverage: allowing movements associated with skeletal muscles -Support: providing a framework for the body and points of attachment for muscles -Storage of minerals: providing a reserve for calcitonin and parathyroid

3

How many of the following structures can be found in a stimulated neuromuscular junction: synaptic cleft, ACh, vesicles, action potential, ATP

4

Place the following steps of the contraction cycle in order from first step to last 1. myosin heads release from the active sites and are recocked 2. myosin heads bind to the active sites, forming cross-bridges 3. calcium binds to troponin, causing tropomyosin to pull away from the actin's active sites 4. myosin heads pull the actin strands towards the M line, shortening the sarcomere 5. calcium arrives in the zone of overlap in a sarcomere

5,3,2,4,1

Place the following structures in order from largest to smallest 1. myofilaments 2. muscle fiber 3. fasicle 4. myofibril 5. skeletal muscle

5,3,2,4,1

The diaphysis of a long bone consists of _______, while the epiphysis consists of _______. A) compact bone, spongy bone B) spongy bone, compact bone C) bone marrow, osteons D) osteons, canniculi E) solid bone, porous bone

A) compact bone, spongy bone

Which of these is NOT one of the facial bones?

A) frontal

A decrease in blood calcium levels trigger _________ to stimulate __________. A) parathyroid hormone, osteoclasts B) parathyroid hormone, osteoblasts C) parathyroid hormone, osteoclasts and osteoblasts D) calcitonin, osteoclasts E) calcitonin, osetoblasts

A) parathyroid hormone, osteoclasts

Through the action of osteoclasts, A) fractured bones regenerate B) bony matrix is dissolved C) an organic framework is formed D) new bone is formed E) osteons are calcified

B) bony matrix is dissolved

The hormone calcitonin functions to A) decrease the rate of calcium absorption B) decrease the level of calcium in the blood C) inhibit osteoblast activity D) decrease the rate of calcium excretion E) stimulate osteoclast activity

B) decrease the level of calcium in the blood

A large, rough projection on the surface of the bone is a ________. A) fissure B) tubercle C) trochanter D) foramen E) facet

C) trochanter

Osteocytes are arranged in layers called ___________, which are connected by __________. A) canaliculi; lamellae B) central canals; lamellae C) lamellae; central canals D) lamellae; canaliculi E) lamellae; perforating canals

D) Lamellae; canaliculi

The humerus is an example of a(n) _________ bone. A) flat B) short C) irregular D) long E) sesamoid

D) long

Mary is 50 years old and has a bone scan, which reveals the beginnings of osteoporosis. Mary's physician suggests therapy options for her. What might the doctor recommend for her patient? A) weight-bearing exercise B) vitamin D C) dairy products D) calcium supplements E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is a function of the axial skeleton? A) provides protection for the brain and spinal cord B) provides an attachment for muscles that move the appendicular skeleton C) provides an attachment for muscles that move the head, neck, and trunk D) provides an attachment for muscles involved in respiration E) all of the above

E) all of the above

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossifications? A) femur B) clavicle C) carpal bones D) roof of the skull E) both the roof of the skull and the clavicle

E) both the roof of the skull and the clavicle

Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n) A) calcified model B) osteoblasts model C) fibrous connective-tissue model D) membranous model E) cartilage model

E) cartilage model

The true ribs are A) ribs 1-7 B) ribs 8-12 C) called vertebrosternal ribs D) called verterbrochondral ribs E) ribs 1-7 are call vertebrosternal ribs

E) ribs 1-7 are call vertebrosternal ribs

As you move in an inferior direction along the vertebral column,

E) the vertebral bodies become relatively larger

While playing softball, Rita is struck in the frontal bone by a wild pitch. Which of the following complaints would you expect her to have?

a headache

A movement away from the midline of the body is termed

abduction

How many of the following divisions of the vertebral column have the correct number of vertebrae within the divisions listed? Cervical- 7 vertebrae Thoracic- 12 vertebrae Lumbar- 5 vertebrae Sacrum and coccyx- fused vertebrae

all 4 correct

When a skeletal muscle fiber contracts,

all of the above

Which of the following is a function of the skeletal muscle?

all of the answers are correct

The zone of overlap in a sacromere contains

both myosin and actin filaments, but not the M line

Gesturing "no" with the head depends on the structure(s) of which cervical vertebrae?

both the atlas and the axis

A freely movable joint is a(n)

diarthrosis

Which of the following is a good example of supination?

turning the hand palm upward