CIS CHAPTER 5 QUESTION/TERM

​________ refers to a model of computing that provides access to a shared pool of computing resources over the Internet.

Cloud

tablet computer

Mobile handheld computer that is larger than a mobile phone and operated primarily by touching a flat screen.

mainframe

Largest category of computer, used for major business processing.

Which of the following options is a page description language for generating Web pages​ (e.g., text, dynamic​ links)?

HTML

cloud computing

Model of computing in which computer processing, storage, software, and other services are provided as a shared pool of virtualized resources over a network, primarily the Internet.

​________ is free software produced by a community of several hundred thousand programmers around the world.

Open source

Java

Programming language that can deliver only the software functionality needed for a particular task, such as a small applet downloaded from a network; can run on any computer and operating system.

mobile device management (MDM)

Software that monitors, manages, and secures mobile devices that are deployed across multiple mobile service providers and multiple mobile operating systems used in the organization.

The Law of Mass Digital Storage suggests that the​ ________.

amount of digital information doubles each year

​Salesforce's ________ provides a set of development tools and IT services that enable users to build new applications and run them in the cloud on their data center infrastructure.

platform as a service​ (PaaS)

A cloud​ ________.

can be private or public

​A(n) ________ is a commercially available set of software programs that eliminate the need for a firm to write its own programs for business functions.

enterprise software application

Competitor​ firms' IT services is​ a(n) ________ of the competitive forces model for IT infrastructure.

external part

According to​ Moore's Law​ (1965), the ratio of price to performance has​ ________.

fallen

public cloud

A cloud maintained by an external service provider, accessed through the Internet, and available to the general public.

Android

A mobile operating system developed by Android, Inc. (purchased by Google) and later the Open Handset Alliance as a flexible, upgradeable mobile device platform.

client/server computing

A model for computing that splits processing between clients and servers on a network, assigning functions to the machine most able to perform the function.

software package

A prewritten, precoded, commercially available set of programs that eliminates the need to write software programs for certain functions.

private cloud

A proprietary network or a data center that ties together servers, storage, networks, data, and applications as a set of virtualized services that are shared by users inside a company.

legacy system

A system that has been in existence for a long time and that continues to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or redesigning it.

web browser

An easy-to-use software tool for accessing the World Wide Web and the Internet.

Wintel PC

Any computer that uses Intel microprocessors (or compatible processors) and a Windows operating system.

Moore's Law

Assertion that the number of components on a chip doubles each year.

multitiered (N-tier) client/server architecture

Client/server network in which the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers.

web hosting service

Company with large web server computers to maintain the websites of fee-paying subscribers.

mashups

Composite software applications that depend on high-speed networks, universal communication standards, and open source code.

server

Computer specifically optimized to provide software and other resources to other computers over a network.

hybrid cloud

Computing model where firms use both their own IT infrastructure and also public cloud computing services.

Which of the following options is NOT part of the competitive forces model for IT infrastructure​ investment?

Current supply like your​ firm's services

total cost of ownership (TCO)

Designates the total cost of owning technology resources, including initial purchase costs, the cost of hardware and software upgrades, maintenance, technical support, and training.

service level agreement (SLA)

Formal contract between customers and their service providers that defines the specific responsibilities of the service provider and the level of service expected by the customer.

on-demand computing

Firms off-loading peak demand for computing power to remote, large-scale data processing centers, investing just enough to handle average processing loads and paying for only as much additional computing power as the market demands. Also called utility computing.

XML (Extensible Markup Language)

General-purpose language that describes the structure of a document and can perform presentation, communication, and storage of data, allowing data to be manipulated by the computer.

Chrome OS

Google's lightweight computer operating system for users who do most of their computing on the Internet; runs on computers ranging from netbooks to desktop computers.

​A(n) ________ is defined as the shared technology resources that provide the platform for the​ firm's specific information systems applications.

Information technology infrastructure

multicore processor

Integrated circuit to which two or more processors have been attached for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks.

multitouch

Interface that features the use of one or more finger gestures to manipulate lists or objects on a screen without using a mouse or keyboard.

edge computing

Method of optimizing cloud computing systems by performing some data processing on a set of linked servers at the edge of the network, near the source of the data.

Windows

Microsoft family of operating systems for both network servers and client computers.

minicomputer

Middle-range computer used in systems for universities, factories, or research laboratories.

Windows 10

Most recent Microsoft Windows client operating system.

consumerization of IT

New information technology originating in the consumer market that spreads to business organizations.

HTML5

Next evolution of HTML, which makes it possible to embed images, video, and audio directly into a document without add-on software.

Unix

Operating system for all types of computers, which is machine independent and supports multiuser processing, multitasking, and networking. Used in high-end workstations and servers.

iOS

Operating system for the Apple iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Page description language for creating web pages.

application server

Software that handles all application operations between browser-based computers and a company's back-end business applications or databases.

virtualization

Presenting a set of computing resources so that they can all be accessed in ways that are not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location.

green computing (green IT)

Refers to practices and technologies for designing, manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and associated devices such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications systems to minimize impact on the environment.

Linux

Reliable and compactly designed operating system that is an offshoot of UNIX and that can run on many different hardware platforms and is available free or at very low cost. Used as alternative to UNIX.

web server

Software that manages requests for web pages on the computer where they are stored and that delivers the page to the user's computer.

operating system

Software that manages the resources and activities of the computer.

software as a service (SaaS)

Services for delivering and providing access to software remotely as a web-based service.

web services

Set of universal standards using Internet technology for integrating different applications from different sources without time-consuming custom coding. Used for linking systems of different organizations or for linking disparate systems within the same organization.

apps

Small pieces of software that run on the Internet, on your computer, or on your cell phone and are generally delivered over the Internet.

service-oriented architecture (SOA)

Software architecture of a firm built on a collection of software programs that communicate with each other to perform assigned tasks to create a working software application

open source software

Software that provides free access to its program code, allowing users to modify the program code to make improvements or fix errors.

software-defined storage (SDS)

Software to manage provisioning and management of data storage independent of the underlying hardware.

technology standards

Specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network.

BYOD

Stands for "bring your own device," and refers to employees using their own computing devices in the workplace.

​________ services ensure that a​ firm's new infrastructure works with the​ firm's older systems and that all parts of the​ firm's infrastructure work together.

System integration

nanotechnology

Technology that builds structures and processes based on the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.

scalability

The ability of a computer, product, or system to expand to serve a larger number of users without breaking down.

outsourcing

The practice of contracting computer center operations, telecommunications networks, or applications development to external vendors.

client

The user point-of-entry for the required function in client/server computing. Normally a desktop computer, workstation, or laptop computer.

quantum computing

Use of principles of quantum physics to represent data and perform operations on the data, with the ability to be in many different states at once and to perform many different computations simultaneously.

​________ is a markup language that allows for tagging selected elements of the content of documents for their meanings and is used for transferring data.

XML

Your​ firm's business strategy is​ a(n) ________ of the competitive forces model for IT infrastructure.

internal part

The typical computing configuration in 1960 was​ ________.

mainframe

Regarding the IT infrastructure​ ecosystem, Microsoft​ Windows, Unix, and Mac OS X are examples of​ ________.

operating systems platforms

A positive regarding cloud computing includes​ ________.

rapid elasticity

Google Apps are an example of​ ________.

software as a service​ (SaaS)

Setting up a system so that it is not restricted by physical configuration or geographic location is an example of​ ________.

virtualization

Gipsi runs a manufacturing company. She recently invested in​ ________ computing devices because she wanted to improve productivity by delivering information to workers without requiring them to interrupt their tasks

wearable

The size of a nanotube is about​ ________ thinner than a human hair.

​10,000 times

Regarding the IT infrastructure​ ecosystem, data management includes​ ________.

​Oracle, SQL​ Server, and MySQL

Computer processing work that is split between a desktop computer and a more powerful computer that processes and stores shared​ data, serves up web​ pages, or manages network activities is called​ ________ .

​client/server

An IT infrastructure includes​ ________.

​hardware, software, and services

Infrastructure as a service​ (IaaS) provides​ ________.

​processing, storage, and networking resources