Cisco Cyber Security Final
What does the term vulnerability mean?
a weakness that makes a target susceptible to an attack
What does the term BYOD represent?
bring your own device
Which method tries all possible passwords until a match is found?
brute force
What are three types of sensitive information? (Choose three.)
business PII classified
What name is given to any changes to the original data such as users manually modifying data, programs processing and changing data, and equipment failures?
modification
What does a rootkit modify?
operating system
For the purpose of authentication, what three methods are used to verify identity? (Choose three.)
something you have something you know something you are
a password
something you know
If a person knowingly accesses a government computer without permission, what federal act laws would the person be subject to?
CFAA
What is the name for the type of software that generates revenue by generating annoying pop-ups?
adware
What three tasks are accomplished by a comprehensive security policy? (Choose three.)
gives security staff the backing of management defines legal consequences of violations sets rules for expected behavior
What is identified by the first dimension of the cybersecurity cube?
goals
Which two terms are used to describe cipher keys? (Choose two.)
key length key space
As a security professional, there is a possibility to have access to sensitive data and assets. What is one item a security professional should understand in order to make informed ethical decisions?
laws governing the data
Which three devices represent examples of physical access controls? (Choose three.)
locks swipe cards video cameras
What are three type of attacks that are preventable through the use of salting? (Choose three.)
lookup tables rainbow tables reverse lookup tables
A security breach has happened at a major corporation. The incident team has responded and executed their incident response plan. During which phase are lessons learned applied?
post-incident
A team has been asked to create an incident response plan for security incidents. In what phase of an incident response plan does the team get management approval of the plan?
preparation
A user is asked to evaluate the security posture of a company. The user looks at past attempts to break into the company and evaluates the threats and exposures to create a report. Which type of risk analysis could the user perform?
qualitative
A user is asked to perform a risk analysis of a company. The user asks for the company asset database that contains a list of all equipment.The user uses this information as part of a risk analysis. Which type of risk analysis could be performed?
quantitative
A user is evaluating the network infrastructure of a company. The user noted many redundant systems and devices in place, but no overall evaluation of the network. In a report, the user emphasized the methods and configurations needed as a whole to make the network fault tolerant. What is the type of design the user is stressing?
resilient
What are two of the tactics used by a social engineer to obtain personal information from an unsuspecting target? (Choose two.)
urgency intimidation
What mechanism can organizations use to prevent accidental changes by authorized users?
version control
Which three items are malware? (Choose three.)
virus Trojan horse keylogger
Which term describes the technology that protects software from unauthorized access or modification?
watermarking
What are three access control security services? (Choose three.)
accounting, authentication, authorization
What are three validation criteria used for a validation rule? (Choose three.)
range size format
What type of cipher encrypts plaintext one byte or one bit at a time?
stream
What is the purpose of CSPRNG?
to generate salt
A user is purchasing a new server for the company data center. The user wants disk striping with parity on three disks. Which RAID level should the user implement?
5
A user is evaluating the security infrastructure of a company and notices that some authentication systems are not using best practices when it comes to storing passwords. The user is able to crack passwords very fast and access sensitive data. The user wants to present a recommendation to the company on the proper implementation of salting to avoid password cracking techniques. What are three best practices in implementing salting? (Choose three.)
A salt must be unique. A salt should not be reused. A salt should be unique for each password.
Which 128-bit block cipher encryption algorithm does the US government use to protect classified information?
AES
What is the difference between an HIDS and a firewall?
An HIDS monitors operating systems on host computers and processes file system activity. Firewalls allow or deny traffic between the computer and other systems.
What is the workforce framework category that includes highly specialized review and evaluation of incoming cybersecurity information to determine if it is useful for intelligence?
Analyze
Unauthorized visitors have entered a company office and are walking around the building. What two measures can be implemented to prevent unauthorized visitor access to the building? (Choose two.)
Conduct security awareness training regularly. Establish policies and procedures for guests visiting the building.
What is a vulnerability that allows criminals to inject scripts into web pages viewed by users?
Cross-site scripting
Which service will resolve a specific web address into an IP address of the destination web server?
DNS
Which asymmetric algorithm provides an electronic key exchange method to share the secret key?
Diffie-Hellman
What cryptographic algorithm is used by the NSA and includes the use of elliptical curves for digital signature generation and key exchange?
ECC
A consultant is hired to make recommendations on managing device threats in a company. What are three general recommendations that can be made? (Choose three.)
Enable automated antivirus scans. Enable screen lockout. Disable administrative rights for users.
After a security audit for an organization, multiple accounts were found to have privileged access to systems and devices. Which three best practices for securing privileged accounts should be included in the audit report? (Choose three.)
Enforce the principle of least privilege. Secure password storage. Reduce the number of privileged accounts.
A school administrator is concerned with the disclosure of student information due to a breach. Under which act is student information protected?
FERPA
As part of HR policy in a company, an individual may opt-out of having information shared with any third party other than the employer. Which law protects the privacy of personal shared information?
GLBA
A user has been asked to implement IPsec for inbound external connections. The user plans to use SHA-1 as part of the implementation. The user wants to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the connection. What security tool can the user use?
HMAC
A user has completed a six month project to identify all data locations and catalog the location. The next step is to classify the data and produce some criteria on data sensitivity. Which two steps can the user take to classify the data? (Choose two.)
Identify sensitivity of the data. Establish the owner of the data.
What are two items that can be found on the Internet Storm Center website? (Choose two.)
InfoSec job postings InfoSec reports
What is a strength of using a hashing function?
It is a one-way function and not reversible.
Why is Kali Linux a popular choice in testing the network security of an organization?
It is an open source Linux security distribution and contains over 300 tools.
What is an example of an Internet data domain?
What name is given to a storage device connected to a network?
NAS
Companies may have different operation centers that handle different issues with the IT operations. If an issue is related to network infrastructure, what operation center would be responsible?
NOC
What can be used to rate threats by an impact score to emphasize important vulnerabilities?
NVD
A breach occurs in a company that processes credit card information. Which industry specific law governs credit card data protection?
PCI DSS
A company has had several incidents involving users downloading unauthorized software, using unauthorized websites, and using personal USB devices. The CIO wants to put in place a scheme to manage the user threats. What three things might be put in place to manage the threats? (Choose three.)
Provide security awareness training. Use content filtering. Disable CD and USB access.
A user is running a routine audit of the server hardware in the company data center. Several servers are using single drives to host operating systems and multiple types of attached storage solutions for storing data. The user wants to offer a better solution to provide fault tolerance during a drive failure. Which solution is best?
RAID
What are three NIST-approved digital signature algorithms? (Choose three.)
RSA DSA ECDSA
A new PC is taken out of the box, started up and connected to the Internet. Patches were downloaded and installed. Antivirus was updated. In order to further harden the operating system what can be done?
Remove unnecessary programs and services.
A company is attempting to lower the cost in deploying commercial software and is considering a cloud based service. Which cloud based service would be best to host the software?
SaaS
An administrator of a small data center wants a flexible, secure method of remotely connecting to servers.Which protocol would be best to use?
Secure Shell
A user was hired by a company to provide a highly available network infrastructure. The user wants to build redundancy into the network in case of a switch failure, but wants to prevent Layer 2 looping. What would the user implement in the network?
Spanning Tree Protocol
The CIO wants to secure data on company laptops by implementing file encryption. The technician determines the best method is to encrypt each hard drive using Windows BitLocker. Which two things are needed to implement this solution? (Choose two.)
TPM at least two volumes
An investigator finds a USB drive at a crime scene and wants to present it as evidence in court. The investigator takes the USB drive and creates a forensic image of it and takes a hash of both the original USB device and the image that was created. What is the investigator attempting to prove about the USB drive when the evidence is submitted in court?
The data in the image is an exact copy and nothing has been altered by the process.
What are two common indicators of spam mail? (Choose two.)
The email has no subject line. The email has misspelled words or punctuation errors or both.
Which two reasons describe why WEP is a weak protocol? (Choose two.)
The key is static and repeats on a congested network. The key is transmitted in clear text.
A user is connecting to an e-commerce server to buy some widgets for a company. The user connects to the site and notices there is no lock in the browser security status bar. The site does prompt for a username and password and the user is able to log in. What is the danger in proceeding with this transaction?
The site is not using a digital certificate to secure the transaction, with the result that everything is in the clear.
A company wants to implement biometric access to its data center. The company is concerned with people being able to circumvent the system by being falsely accepted as legitimate users. What type of error is false acceptance?
Type II
An organization has implemented a private cloud infrastructure. The security administrator is asked to secure the infrastructure from potential threats. What three tactics can be implemented to protect the private cloud? (Choose three.)
Update devices with security fixes and patches. Disable ping, probing, and port scanning. Test inbound and outbound traffic.
A user is proposing the purchase of a patch management solution for a company. The user wants to give reasons why the company should spend money on a solution. What benefits does patch management provide? (Choose three.)
Updates can be forced on systems immediately. Administrators can approve or deny patches. Updates cannot be circumvented.
What are two ways to protect a computer from malware? (Choose two.)
Use antivirus software. Keep software up to date.
The company has many users who telecommute. A solution needs to be found so a secure communication channel can be established between the remote location of users and the company. What is a good solution for this situation?
VPN
What is a secure virtual network called that uses the public network?
VPN
A user needs to add redundancy to the routers in a company. What are the three options the user can use? (Choose three.)
VRRP HSRP GLBP
A user is asked to create a disaster recovery plan for a company. The user needs to have a few questions answered by management to proceed. Which three questions should the user ask management as part of the process of creating the plan? (Choose three.)
Who is responsible for the process What is the process? Where does the individual perform the process?
What is the difference between a virus and a worm?
Worms self-replicate but viruses do not.
A user is asked to analyze the current state of a computer operating system. What should the user compare the current operating system against to identify potential vulnerabilities?
a baseline
What occurs on a computer when data goes beyond the limits of a buffer?
a buffer overflow
What is the meaning of the term logic bomb?
a malicious program that uses a trigger to awaken the malicious code
An auditor is asked to assess the LAN of a company for potential threats. What are three potential threats the auditor may point out? (Choose three.)
a misconfigured firewall unauthorized port scanning and network probing unlocked access to network equipment
A computer is presenting a user with a screen requesting payment before the user data is allowed to be accessed by the same user. What type of malware is this?
a type of ransomware
What are the three states of data? (Choose three.)
at rest in-process in-transit
The manager of a department suspects someone is trying to break into computers at night. You are asked to find out if this is the case. What logging would you enable?
audit
What is the name given to a program or program code that bypasses normal authentication?
backdoor
Which type of cipher is able to encrypt a fixed-length block of plaintext into a 128-bit block of ciphertext at any one time?
block
An attacker is sitting in front of a store and wirelessly copies emails and contact lists from nearby unsuspecting user devices. What type of attack is this?
bluesnarfing
What are three types of power issues that a technician should be concerned about? (Choose three.)
brownout spike blackout
A user calls the help desk complaining that an application was installed on the computer and the application cannot connect to the Internet. There are no antivirus warnings and the user can browse the Internet. What is the most likely cause of the problem?
computer firewall
What are three disclosure exemptions that pertain to the FOIA? (Choose three.)
confidential business information national security and foreign policy information law enforcement records that implicate one of a set of enumerated concerns
What principle prevents the disclosure of information to unauthorized people, resources, and processes?
confidentiality
What are the three foundational principles of the cybersecurity domain? (Choose three.)
confidentiality integrity availability
social steganography
creating a message that says one thing but means something else to a specific audience
What is the term used to describe the science of making and breaking secret codes?
cryptology
Which two methods help to ensure data integrity? (Choose two.)
data consistency checks hashing
What are two potential threats to applications? (Choose two.)
data loss unauthorized access
What are the three broad categories for information security positions? (Choose three.)
definers builders monitors
A warning banner that lists the negative outcomes of breaking company policy is displayed each time a computer user logs in to the machine. What type of access control is implemented?
deterrent
What three services does CERT provide? (Choose three.)
develop tools, products, and methods to analyze vulnerabilities resolve software vulnerabilities develop tools, products, and methods to conduct forensic examinations
Why should WEP not be used in wireless networks today?
easily crackable
The manager of desktop support wants to minimize downtime for workstations that crash or have other software-related issues. What are three advantages of using disk cloning? (Choose three.)
ensures a clean imaged machine can provide a full system backup easier to deploy new computers within the organization
A user is asked to evaluate the data center to improve availability for customers. The user notices that there is only one ISP connection, some of the equipment is out of warranty, there are no spare parts, and no one was monitoring the UPS which was tripped twice in one month. Which three deficiencies in high availability has the user identified? (Choose three.)
failure to detect errors as they occur single points of failure failure to design for reliability
What name is given to hackers who hack for a cause?
hactivist
A user was hired as the new security officer. One of the first projects was to take inventory of the company assets and create a comprehensive database. Which three pieces of information would the user want to capture in an asset database? (Choose three.)
hardware network devices workstations operating systems
steganography
hiding data within an audio file
obfuscation
making a message confusing so it is harder to understand
Why is WPA2 better than WPA?
mandatory use of AES algorithms
What term is used to describe the technology that replaces sensitive information with a nonsensitive version?
masking
What are three examples of administrative access controls? (Choose three.)
policies and procedures background checks hiring practices
A recent breach at a company was traced to the ability of a hacker to access the corporate database through the company website by using malformed data in the login form. What is the problem with the company website?
poor input validation
What type of cybersecurity laws protect you from an organization that might want to share your sensitive data?
privacy
A user is a consultant who is hired to prepare a report to Congress as to which industries should be required to maintain five nine availability. Which three industries should the user include in a report? (Choose three.)
public safety finance healthcare
A user calls the help desk complaining that the password to access the wireless network has changed without warning. The user is allowed to change the password, but an hour later, the same thing occurs. What might be happening in this situation?
rogue access point
Alice and Bob use the same password to login into the company network. This means both would have the exact same hash for their passwords. What could be implemented to prevent both password hashes from being the same?
salting
What name is given to a amateur hacker?
script kiddie
An intern has started working in the support group. One duty is to set local policy for passwords on the workstations. What tool would be best to use?
secpol.msc
A user is instructed by a boss to find a better method to secure passwords in transit. The user has researched several means to do so and has settled on using HMAC. What are the key elements needed to implement HMAC?
secret key and message digest
Thwarting cyber criminals includes which of the following? (Choose two.)
sharing cyber Intelligence information , establishing early warning systems
Which term describes the sending of a short deceptive SMS message used to trick a target into visiting a website?
smishing
What is a method of sending information from one device to another using removable media?
sneaker net
a fingerprint scan
something you are
a security key fob
something you have
What is the term used to describe an email that is targeting a specific person employed at a financial institution?
spear phishing
A criminal is using software to obtain information about the computer of a user. What is the name of this type of software?
spyware
What term is used to describe concealing data in another file such as a graphic, audio, or other text file?
steganography
What encryption algorithm uses the same pre-shared key to encrypt and decrypt data?
symmetric
A user makes a request to implement a patch management service for a company. As part of the requisition the user needs to provide justification for the request. What three reasons can the user use to justify the request? (Choose three.)
the ability to control when updates occur the ability to obtain reports on systems no opportunities for users to circumvent updates
The CEO of a company is concerned that if a data breach should occur and customer data is exposed, the company could be sued. The CEO makes the decision to buy insurance for the company. What type of risk mitigation is the CEO implementing?
transference
What is the name of the method in which letters are rearranged to create the ciphertext?
transposition
What two methods help to ensure system availability? (Choose two.)
up-to-date operating systems equipment maintenance
A security professional is asked to perform an analysis of the current state of a company network. What tool would the security professional use to scan the network only for security risks?
vulnerability scanner
What is the standard for a public key infrastructure to manage digital certificates?
x.509
A user has created a new program and wants to distribute it to everyone in the company. The user wants to ensure that when the program is downloaded that the program is not changed while in transit. What can the user do to ensure that the program is not changed when downloaded?
Create a hash of the program file that can be used to verify the integrity of the file after it is downloaded.
What is the step by step process for creating a digital signature?
Create a message digest; encrypt the digest with the private key of the sender; and bundle the message, encrypted digest, and public key together in order to sign the document.
What type of attack uses many systems to flood the resources of a target, thus making the target unavailable?
DDoS
A company is concerned with traffic that flows through the network. There is a concern that there may be malware that exists that is not being blocked or eradicated by antivirus. What technology can be put in place to detect potential malware traffic on the network?
IDS
Identify three situations in which the hashing function can be applied. (Choose three.)
IPsec CHAP PKI
What does the acronym IoE represent?
Internet of Everything
What are two common hash functions? (Choose two.)
SHA. MD5
What type of attack targets an SQL database using the input field of a user?
SQL injection
Which three protocols use asymmetric key algorithms? (Choose three.)
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) Secure Shell (SSH)
What type of an attack can disable a computer by forcing it to use memory or by overworking its CPU?
algorithm
What encryption algorithm uses one key to encrypt data and a different key to decrypt data?
asymmetric
What are two methods that ensure confidentiality? (Choose two.)
authentication, encryption
What service determines which resources a user can access along with the operations that a user can perform?
authorization
A recent email sent throughout the company stated that there would be a change in security policy. The security officer who was presumed to have sent the message stated the message was not sent from the security office and the company may be a victim of a spoofed email. What could have been added to the message to ensure the message actually came from the person?
digital signature
A user downloads an updated driver for a video card from a website. A warning message pops up saying the driver is not approved. What does this piece of software lack?
digital signature
steganalysis
discovering that hidden information exists within a graphic file
Pick three types of records that cyber criminals would be interested in stealing from organizations. (Choose three.)
education, employment, medical
What three design principles help to ensure high availability? (Choose three.)
eliminate single points of failure provide for reliable crossover detect failures as they occur
A user is the database administrator for a company. The user has been asked to implement an integrity rule that states every table must have a primary key and that the column or columns chosen to be the primary key must be unique and not null. Which integrity requirement is the user implementing?
entity integrity
Which three processes are examples of logical access controls? (Choose three.)
firewalls to monitor traffic biometrics to validate physical characteristics intrusion detection system (IDS) to watch for suspicious network activity
A user is redesigning a network for a small company and wants to ensure security at a reasonable price. The user deploys a new application-aware firewall with intrusion detection capabilities on the ISP connection. The user installs a second firewall to separate the company network from the public network. Additionally, the user installs an IPS on the internal network of the company. What approach is the user implementing?
layered
What is the term used when a malicious party sends a fraudulent email disguised as being from a legitimate, trusted source?
phishing