Studybook 16

What main purposes did the Limbourgs' illuminated prayer book known as Les Très Riches Heures serve?

Daily devotion Lives of nobility and peasantry

Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa employs ______ technique to create a smoky and gentle hazy atmosphere with softened contours.

sfumato

Look at this image. In The Last Supper, what technique did Leonardo use to organize the realistic figures and show deep space?

One-point linear perspective

Look at this image. The plan of Leon Battista Alberti's church Sant'Andrea in Mantua recalls examples found in the architecture of which ancient culture?

Rome

Look at this image. Leon Battista Alberti designed the interior of which church?

Sant'Andrea Mantua

In interpreting Mannerism artist Agnolo Bronzino's painting Allegory, in what ways was the work considered unsettling?

Scholars were unable to interpret it due to the large amount of people in the scene. Venus and Cupid were also mother and son. Their relationship with each other is unusual. Their bodies are intertwined with each other.

Look at this image. Matthias Grunewald's depiction of the Crucifixion is in keeping with the Northern common tradition of showing extreme agony, which is shown through what means?

Christ's feet are bent inward as if to relieve the pressure of the hanging body. Mary Magdalene is weeping. Christ's hands are reaching outward in an effort to relieve the pain.

Which characteristics does NOT define Mannerist style?

Classical and mathematical with restrained emotion

Who were patrons of the arts during the Renaissance?

Clergy Nobility Merchant-rulers

Look at this image. Where is the vanishing point in Masaccio's The Trinity?

Directly under the cross on the mid-point of the ledge where the donors are kneeling

Many Renaissance artists began sculptural works by creating figure out of clay, they then draped clay-soaked fabric over the figure. After the clay dried they used the resulting model as the basis for a final marble copy. Which Renaissance artist may have invented that technique?

Donatello

What technique did Michelangelo use to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

Fresco

Look at this image. Which statements apply to Venetian painter Tintoretto's The Last Supper?

In order to focus on Christ's position, less focus was placed on the halos of the disciples which was in the distance. The artist uses a diagonal line of the table to move our eyes toward Christ.

Installed in a hospital for illnesses of the skin, what did the graphic depiction of pain and suffering in Matthias Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece intend to do?

Increase the faith of the patients, inviting them to identify their own suffering with Christ's

Considered by many to represent the summation of Renaissance art, Raphael's The School of Athens portrays Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle. How did Raphael create these idealized figures?

More perfect than life Full bodied and dynamic

What was the subject matter of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?

Old Testament stories from the Bible combined with figures from Greek mythology

What can be concluded about the period known as the Renaissance based on the role of the arts during that time?

The identities and influences of patrons played a larger role in the production of art.

Why did Protestants view religious images with hostility?

The images encouraged idol worship.

Look at this image. How does Donatello's David show the celebration of the new era in its style?

The new style reflected ancient Roman and Greek art to be full round and naturally proportioned. This reflects the new style. The full round male nude body stands in contrapposto and is in perfect proportion. David's stern face and body are expressive and shows confidence.

Look at this image. What are three characteristics demonstrated in Robert Campin's Mérode Altarpiece that would help one classify it as a Northern Renaissance painting?

The use of oil paint on wood panel The combination of everyday life and the supernatural The use of rich detail and precise brush strokes

True or false: The word renaissance refers to the revival of the ancient Greek and Roman cultures.

True

Which characteristics would NOT be classified as a trait of Northern painting from the Renaissance period?

Use of linear perspective

Look at this image. How was Raphael able to reflect the worldly splendor of the Church in Rome?

With painted fabric, jewelry, family symbols

The Renaissance was when the concept of "______" arose.

art

What do the paintings in the prayer book constructed from the Limbourg Brothers' paintings represent?

A calender illustrated with activities of the wealthy and peasants

Look at this image. What is the diagonal shape at the bottom of Hans Holbein's The Ambassadors, and what does it represent?

A skull representing that everyone dies

The Renaissance artist ______ created works, such as Primavera, from stories about Greek and Roman gods and goddesses.

Botticelli

Look at this image. Michelangelo controlled the huge ceiling vault by creating illusionistic architecture. Through which means did he accomplish this?

By painting the lintels, cornices, pedestals and supporting sculptural figures to look like stone By creating a large grid by separating the surface into discreet zones

What Northern Renaissance quality is evident in the Limbourg Brothers' Les Très Riches Heures which dates from the late Middle Ages?

Careful attention to detail

Appearances of sculptures changed during the Renaissance beginning with Donatello, a first generation Renaissance artist. Gothic sculptors carved exactly what they saw from the model's face, clothing and limbs. Donatello thought that the nude body must be considered first in order to provide a framework for the piece. What did this process involve?

Carving a body in clay and draping clay-soaked linen over it, arranging the folds as the fabric dried

The Early Renaissance in Italy produced a well-known sculptor named Donatello. What is one of the works he created?

David

Upon entering Santa Maria Novella, in Florence and seeing Masaccio's Trinity and the Virgin, what illusions are present?

Due to Masaccio's using a vanishing point in his composition, the illusion of actually viewing this sacred scene in person seems a reality. Masaccio has created the illusion that the sacred scene is really present before them by using linear perspective.

The Medici circle appreciated Botticelli's unusual linear style and shallow modeling. What was the Medici circle, and why were they important?

Due to this group's reconciliation, a new philosophy arose called Neo-Platonism, after the Greek philosopher Plato. It was a group of humanist scholars and artists who met to discuss Classical culture and its relationship to Christianity.

True or false: Donatello exemplified Renaissance ideals in his sculpture of David by making the hero larger than life in abstract ways.

False

In what ways did portraits portray women's fertility in continuing their families' lineage?

Flowers were placed near the abdomen. Arms were folded.

Agnolo Bronzino's painting Allegory ("Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time") demonstrates what Mannerist traits?

Fondness for elaborate or obscure subject matter A forbidden or erotic undercurrent Shallow, compressed, or illogical space Elongated forms and twisted poses Classical subject matter and symbols

What themes are commonly seen in Renaissance art?

Interest in ancient Greek and Roman subject matter Idealized and proportioned human figures Detailed depictions of the physical world

Why is The Last Supper by Tintoretto considered an excellent example of Counter-Reformation artwork?

It conforms to the teachings of the Church.

What was the cause of the Northern Renaissance?

It developed from the growing fascination with the details of the visible world.

Look at this image. What aspects are unusual about Sandro Botticelli's Primavera when it was created?

It displayed nude figures that were not seen at the time. It uses unusual linear style and shallow modeling.

What statements describe the philosophy of humanism?

It focused on the abilities and accomplishments of mankind. It revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman scholars.

How does Sonfonisba Anguissola's painting of The Self-Portrait at the Easel portray characteristics of Mannerism?

It had elongated bodies with a questionable meaning.

Why did the Counter-Reformation Catholic church see art as one of their strongest weapons?

It understood arts ability to engage the emotions and intellect of the faithful.

In what ways does Tintoretto use the effect of light to aide in visually telling the story of The Last Supper?

Judas emits no light of understanding. The illusionary angels above have a soft reflective light illuminating from the opening of heavens. Light tells us the relative saintliness of the figures. Christ has the largest bright halo with the lesser apostles emitting a lesser glow.

Referred to as the "Renaissance man," someone who could do anything, which artist produced the masterpiece The Last Supper?

Leonardo

Look at this image. In Giorgione's Adoration of the Shepherds, what element is emphasized with Joseph's head and body?

Light

A style of art prevalent after the High Renaissance in Italy is known today as ______.

Mannerism

An artistic trend reflected in a fondness for elaborate or obscure subject matter in which critics described as a negative reaction against the balance and order used in the Renaissance is .

Mannerism

In Agnolo Bronzino's Allegory, Venus and Cupid are in the foreground, as mother and son, and suggests an unusual relationship. The elongated and S-shaped poses are reflective of .

Mannerism

Named for the Italian word meaning "style" or "stylishness" painters practiced an art of grace and sophistication.

Mannerism or Mannerist

What aspects were needed to complete the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel?

Many assistants Scaffolding

Why did the Church of Rome strike back against the Protestant Reformation movement in Northern Europe and begin the Catholic Counter-Reformation movement in the second half of the 16th century?

The Catholic Counter-Reformation movement focused on southern Europe in hopes that they would not lose more parishioners. The Protestant Reformation movement drew large numbers of people away from the Roman Catholic Church.

What period of art history is most closely associated with a revived interest in the art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome?

The Renaissance

In what ways can scholars tell that Rogier van der Weyden's St. Luke Drawing the Virgin is, at least in part, a painting about looking?

The artist's careful rendering of precise detail Everyone in the painting in act of looking at something

How does Pieter Bruegel the Elder's painting The Harvesters illustrate the changes in art that were brought about by the Protestant Reformation?

The painting depicts scenes from everyday life and landscape.

What characteristics in Bronzino's Allegory, made it difficult for scholars to understand the allegory taking place?

There were too many figures in the artwork doing different things that were unusual, as in a man grabbing his head and a girl holding a sponge. There was a forbidden undertone in the painting. Venus and Cupid were mother and son, yet the interactions suggested a different relationship. Select a concept resource to continue.Read About the Concept Practice: Take a Closer Look: Bronzino's Allegory (Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time)

What demands did the Counter-Reformation reformers make of artists?

They insisted that every depiction of scared subject matter conform exactly to Church teachings. They demanded that compositions be arranged to make the lessons of Church teachings immediately evident.

During the Renaissance, what response did works of art with Classical Greek and Roman subject matter receive?

They were especially popular and were commissioned for both secular and religious spaces.

Look at this image. In what ways is Michelangelo's David different from ancient Greek and Roman sculpture?

Vast knowledge of human anatomy is displayed. Expression is communicated on the face. There is tension and energy.

During the Renaissance, in order to promote the family, along with the safety of their lineage, were used.

portraits