CISS 230 Final Review Everything Combined

The barrier between an internal and external network is called: Select one: A. a firewall. B. behavioral security. C. physical security. D. netlock. E. encryption software.

A. a firewall.

________ feasibility refers to projecting whether the system will operate and be used once it is installed. Select one: a. Operational b. Economic c. Technical d. Resource

a. Operational

________ apps are intended for professionals and are often iPad versions of desktop software. Select one: a. Premium b. Low-cost c. Freemium d. Free

a. Premium

A PERT diagram is useful when: Select one: a. activities can be done in parallel rather than sequence. b. there is no slack time available. c. the project team needs to know which activities should be done at which point in time. d. activities do not have any precedent activities.

a. activities can be done in parallel rather than sequence.

When drawing the tree, systems analysts do not have to identify: Select one: a. all outcomes. b. all actions. c. the order. d. all conditions.

a. all outcomes.

Which of these is an advantage of open-ended questions? Select one: a. allows more spontaneity b. gets to the point more quickly c. makes comparing interviews easier d. saves time

a. allows more spontaneity

A question for which there are only two possible responses, e.g., yes or no, is known as a ________ question. Select one: a. bipolar b. closed c. open d. logical

a. bipolar

System maintenance must be performed to: Select one: a. correct software errors. b. add new features that have never been requested before. c. remove features that none of the users are using. d. keep programmers employed.

a. correct software errors.

What is a way to examine, describe, and document structured decisions? Select one: a. decision table b. data flow c. data dictionary d. database

a. decision table

An interview that begins in a very specific way, then examines general issues, and concludes very specifically is said to have a ________ shape. Select one: a. diamond b. cube c. funnel d. pyramid

a. diamond

Which of the following is concerned with the analyst's time and the costs for system development, hardware, and business employee time? Select one: a. economic feasibility b. operational feasibility c. tactical feasibility d. technical feasibility

a. economic feasibility

The elements that make up an organizational system are called ________. Select one: a. entities b. events c. factors d. relationships

a. entities

Which of these reports describe output produced when certain conditions occur? Select one: a. exception b. historical c. summary d. detailed

a. exception

With a ________ structure, the interviewer begins with generalized questions and then narrows possible responses. Select one: a. funnel b. diamond c. pyramid d. cube

a. funnel

An entity that joins two other entities is called: Select one: a. a fundamental entity. b. an associative entity. c. an attributive entity. d. a linking entity.

b. an associative entity.

The ________ section requires the most detail and development from the person completing it. Select one: a. footer b. body c. comments d. heading

b. body

When attributes are preceded by a minus sign, it means that: Select one: a. the attributes are public. b. the attributes are undefined. c. the attributes are static. d. the attributes are private.

d. the attributes are private.

List the five advantages of a logical data flow diagram.

1. Better communication with users 2. More stable systems 3. Better understanding of the business by analysts 4. Flexibility and maintenance 5. Elimination of redundancies and easier creation of the physical model

What are the four steps to follow to design a good sample?

1. Determine the data to be collected or described. 2. Determine the population to be sampled. 3. Choose the type of sample. 4. Decide on the sample size.

List the and describe four categories into which classes fall.

1. Entity classes represent real-world items, such as people and things. 2. Interface, or boundary, classes provide a means for users to work with the system. 3. Abstract classes are classes that cannot be directly instantiated. 4. Control, or active, classes are used to control the flow of activities, and they act as a coordinator when implementing classes.

List the seven phases of the systems development life cycle.

1. Identifying problems, opportunities, and objectives - 2. Determining human information requirements - 3. Analyzing system needs - 4. Designing the recommended system - 5. Developing and documenting software - 6. Testing and maintaining the system - 7. Implementing and evaluating the system

What are the four guidelines for good form design?

1. Make forms easy to fill in. 2. Ensure that forms meet the purpose for which they are designed. 3. Design forms to ensure accurate completion. 4. Keep forms attractive.

List the seven concrete elements of the decision maker's physical environment that can be observed by the systems analyst using STROBE.

1. Office location 2. Desk placement 3. Stationary equipment 4. Props 5. External information sources 6. Office lighting and color 7. Clothing worn by decision makers

List the three broad, horizontal levels of management in organizations.

1. Operational Management 2. Middle Management 3. Strategic Management

What are the four kinds of prototyping?

1. Patched-up prototype 2. Non operational prototype 3. Selected features prototype 4. First-of-a-series prototype

What are the five major project management fundamentals?

1. Project initiation 2. Determining project feasibility 3. Activity planning and control 4. Project scheduling 5. Managing systems analysis team members

What are the five steps in the interview preparation process?

1. Read background material. 2. Establish interviewing objectives. 3. Decide whom to interview. 4. Prepare the interviewee. 5. Decide on question types and structure.

List four of the six main objectives in designing output.

1. They are to design output to serve the intended human and organizational purpose, 2. to fit the user, 3. to deliver the right quantity of output, 4. to deliver it to the right place, 5. to provide output on time, 6. and to choose the right output method.

What are the three reasons for producing process specifications?

1. To reduce the ambiguity of the process 2. To obtain a precise description of what is accomplished, which is usually included in a packet of specifications for the programmer 3. To validate the system design

List the five main ways in which to use a data dictionary.

1. Validate the data flow diagram for completeness and accuracy. 2. Provide a starting point for developing screens and reports. 3. Determine the contents of data stored in files. 4. Develop the logic for data flow diagram processes. 5. Create XML (extensible markup language).

What are the four main guidelines that must be observed when integrating prototyping into the requirements determination phase of the SDLC?

1. Work in manageable modules. 2. Build the prototype rapidly. 3. Modify the prototype in successive iterations. 4. Stress the user interface.

Describe the difference between base elements and derived elements.

A base element is one that is initially keyed into the system, such as a customer name, address, or city. Base elements must be stored in files. Derived elements are created by processes as the result of a calculation or a series of decision-making statements.

________ are for critical information that the user needs to know in a timely manner. Select one: A. Alerts B. Queries C. Notices D. Badges

A. Alerts

Which of the following is not one of the six most commonly used UML diagrams? Select one: A. CRC card relationship diagram B. statechart diagram C. activity diagram D. use case diagram

A. CRC card relationship diagram

________ describe the interactions of two or more things that perform a behavior that is more than any one of the things can do alone. Select one: A. Communication diagrams B. Concept diagrams C. Structural diagrams D. Behavioral diagrams.

A. Communication diagrams

________ is usually the first component to be stored in the data dictionary. Select one: A. Data flow B. Data direction C. Data mining D. Database schema

A. Data flow

________ depict the broadest possible overview of system inputs, processes, and outputs. Select one: A. Data flow diagrams B. Databases C. Entity-relationship diagrams D. Flow charts

A. Data flow diagrams

________ is an approach that is intended to facilitate the development of systems that must change rapidly in response to dynamic business environments. Select one: A. Object-oriented analysis and design B. Agile method C. Open source approach D. Systems development life cycle

A. Object-oriented analysis and design

________ data structures include additional elements necessary for implementing the system. Select one: A. Physical B. Logical C. Informational D. Logistical

A. Physical

When classes are involved in inheritance, another name for a child class is: Select one: A. a derived class. B. a superclass. C. an instantiated class. D. a base class.

A. a derived class.

A(n) ________ is a synonym or another name for the element, used by different users of systems. Select one: A. alias B. schema C. alert D. varchar

A. alias

Data stores are used to store: Select one: A. all base elements and some derived elements. B. all derived elements and some base elements. C. all base and derived elements. D. only some base elements and some derived elements (the most critical ones in the system).

A. all base elements and some derived elements.

Which is not one of the four basic symbols used to chart data movement on data flow diagrams? Select one: A. an oval B. arrow C. rectangle with rounded corners D. open-ended rectangle

A. an oval

Which of these recording techniques has a decision maker who is observed in the left column and all of their actions in the right-hand column? Select one: A. analyst's playscript B. scales C. adjective pairs D. categories

A. analyst's playscript

There are two types of data to enter: data that ________ every transaction, and data that concisely differentiate the particular item being processed from all other items. Select one: A. change B. filter C. capture D. remove

A. change

Which of the following are not shown on an activity diagram? Select one: A. classes B. events C. decisions that are made D. sequential activities

A. classes

The code used for pull-down menus in a GUI system is: Select one: A. classification codes. B. alphabetic deviation codes. C. block sequence codes. D. cipher codes. E. simple sequence codes.

A. classification codes.

What type of computing allows the use of Web services, database services, and application services over the Internet, without having to invest in corporate or personal hardware, software, or software tools? Select one: A. cloud computing B. ring computing C. central computing D. client computing E. broadcast computing

A. cloud computing

Object-oriented techniques work well in situations where ________ information systems are undergoing continuous maintenance, adaptation, and redesign. Select one: A. complicated B. simple C. highly technical D. global

A. complicated

While the first ________ diagram helps the systems analyst grasp basic data movement, its general nature limits its usefulness. Select one: A. context B. concept C. user interface D. design

A. context

The longest path through a PERT diagram is referred to as the ________ path. Select one: A. critical B. hardest C. fastest D. slowest

A. critical

One big difference of screen design from form design is the constant presence of a ________ on the screen. Select one: A. cursor B. title C. command prompt D. voice prompt

A. cursor

Which of the following is all about communicating measurements to the user? Select one: A. dashboards B. Ajax C. WMP D. stickiness

A. dashboards

What is a reference work of data about data compiled by systems analysts? Select one: A. data dictionary B. data flow diagrams C. structured analysis D. design

A. data dictionary

A ________ is a central source of data meant to be shared by many users for a variety of applications. Select one: A. database B. data dictionary C. data warehouse D. data model

A. database

The design phase also includes designing ________ that will store much of the data needed by decision makers in the organization. Select one: A. databases B. flow charts C. spreadsheets D. software design models

A. databases

An external entity is called a source or ________ of data, and is considered to be external to the study. Select one: A. destination B. result C. answer D. confusion

A. destination

The systems analyst can support accurate data entry through achievement of all these broad objectives except: Select one: A. effective screen design. B. effective and complete data capture. C. efficient data capture. D. assuring quality through validation.

A. effective screen design.

What does this symbol represent [ ]? Select one: A. either/or alternative B. optional C. iteration D. selection

A. either/or alternative

Which type of class represents real-world items? Select one: A. entity B. interface C. control D. abstract

A. entity

Which is not an advantage of using a top-down approach to systems design? Select one: A. eventually the subsystems must be reintegrated B. the ability to have separate systems analysis teams working in parallel on different but necessary subsystems C. avoiding the chaos of attempting to design a system "all at once" D. avoiding bias from the systems analyst

A. eventually the subsystems must be reintegrated

Which code is necessary for instructing either the computer or the decision maker about what action to take? Select one: A. function code B. mnemonic code C. classification code D. simple sequence code

A. function code

Which of the following is a goal of dividing a Web site into a series of Web pages? Select one: A. improve the ease of maintaining the Web site B. improve the collection of Web metrics C. improve tracking of page movement by the customer D. improve the revenue obtained by page marketing

A. improve the ease of maintaining the Web site

Physical data flow diagrams: Select one: A. include processes for adding, updating, changing and deleting records. B. are used to model business events, along with their input and output. C. enable the analyst to better understand the business. D. include no interface data flow in or out of processes.

A. include processes for adding, updating, changing and deleting records.

The information that describes data is referred to as ________. Select one: A. metadata B. gammadata C. moredata D. alphadata

A. metadata

Which kind of prototyping is most similar to what engineers call "bread boarding"? Select one: A. patched-up prototype B. first full-scale model C. model bearing some essential features D. nonworking scale model

A. patched-up prototype

Building a ________ of information systems is a useful technique for quickly gathering information requirements. Select one: A. prototype B. system design C. lifecycle D. maintenance agreement

A. prototype

Building a ________ of information systems is a useful technique for quickly gathering information requirements. Select one: A. prototype B. system design C. maintenance agreement D. lifecycle

A. prototype

Which of the following is a reason why a systems analyst would want perform sampling? Select one: A. reducing bias B. increasing user involvement C. thorough collection of data D. accuracy is not a project requirement

A. reducing bias

When structured decisions are not complex, an appropriate technique for analyzing the decision process is the use of ________. A. structured English B. CASE tools C. decision trees D. decision diagrams

A. structured English

One way to think about problems is to: Select one: A. think about them as situations where goals have never been met or are no longer being met. B. think that they arise from bad programming and older technology. C. reflect on the lack of perfection within any team framework and avoid the blame syndrome. D. realize that we all make mistakes and not assign blame to anyone. E. visualize them as elements on a feasibility impact grid.

A. think about them as situations where goals have never been met or are no longer being met.

Which of these are reasons for partitioning a system? Select one: A. to keep transactions secure B. to make it easier to move to a new system C. to allow the system to be upgraded later D. to ensure that if the business is sold, the data can be given to the new owners

A. to keep transactions secure

Which of the following is not a goal of producing process specifications? A. to reduce the time it takes for a process to run B. to reduce the ambiguity of the process C. to obtain a precise description of what is accomplished D. to validate the system design

A. to reduce the time it takes for a process to run

With a ________ approach, the diagrams move from general to specific. Select one: A. top-down B. bottom-up C. management-centered D. employee-centered

A. top-down

Processes on a data flow diagram: Select one: A. transform incoming data into outgoing information. B. represent the work that a specific user performs. C. represent the system boundaries. D. change the nature of the relationships on a entity-relationship diagram.

A. transform incoming data into outgoing information.

Codes are: Select one: A. used in a validation program to ensure that only valid codes have been entered. B. used in GUI programs to ensure that codes keyed by the user are valid. C. printed in reports. D. displayed on screens. E. All of the above.

A. used in a validation program to ensure that only valid codes have been entered.

A goal of producing process specifications is to: A. validate the system design, including data flow diagrams and the data dictionary. B. design computer input and output processes. C. reduce process interactions. D. build technical specifications for a specific computer language.

A. validate the system design, including data flow diagrams and the data dictionary.

Products that assess and report on the potential risks in a system are called: Select one: A. vulnerability management products. B. intrusion detection products. C. URL filtering products. D. firewalls. E. secure socket layering products.

A. vulnerability management products.

A base element is one that: Select one: A. was initially keyed into the system. B. does not change over a period of time. C. is used within one and only one subsystem. D. is the result of a calculation or some other logic.

A. was initially keyed into the system.

When should an interviewer compose a written interview report and why?

ASAP after every interview to make sure they remember everything that was stated and gone over in the interview. Also, it is not proper to create an interview report during an interview.

Which of the following is a core practice of the agile approach? Select one: A. Stick to the plan, even if it is behind schedule. B. A 40-hour work week. C. Outsource all complex modules. D. Programmers should be assigned individual programs based upon their ability.

B. A 40-hour work week.

When creating process specifications, what needs to be done for manual tasks? A. Replace them with automated processes. B. Create well-defined procedures for employees performing the tasks. C. Outline the decisions using a decision tree. D. Nothing, they are not part of processing specifications.

B. Create well-defined procedures for employees performing the tasks.

Every Web site should include a(n) ________ page. Select one: A. stickiness B. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) C. advertisement D. navigation

B. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

Which of the following is a guideline for the HCI approach to system design? Select one: A. Examine the software used and consider the fit between the human and the computer. B. Identify what obstacles exist for users in their attempts to accomplish their assigned tasks. C. Design with prototyping to accommodate the average employee, considering that all employees will receive the same training. D. Examine the actual usefulness and perceived usefulness from post-implementation evaluation surveys.

B. Identify what obstacles exist for users in their attempts to accomplish their assigned tasks.

Which is an advantage of the database approach? Select one: A. It comes about when attempting to keep the cost of storing the data to a reasonable amount. B. It allows users their own view of the data. C. All of the data are stored in one place. D. Data are more vulnerable to catastrophes.

B. It allows users their own view of the data.

Unlike the decision tree used in management science, what doesn't the analyst's tree contain? A. actions B. outcomes C. decisions D. conditions

B. Outcomes

________ provide periodic updates of what is occurring in the business. Select one: A. Performance reports B. Records C. Data capture reports D. Blank forms

B. Records

Which of these is not an objective of designing output? Select one: A. Choose the most effective output method. B. Sell the user on current forms. C. Design output to serve a specific purpose. D. Provide the output on time. E. Provide appropriate output distribution.

B. Sell the user on current forms.

Which of the following is true when implementing a one-to-many relationship? Select one: A. The file on the one end has a concatenated key of its primary key and the many end key. B. The file on the many end has a foreign key consisting of the primary key on the one end. C. The file on the one end has a foreign key consisting of the primary key of the many end. D. The file on the many end has a concatenated key of its primary key and the one end key.

B. The file on the many end has a foreign key consisting of the primary key on the one end.

What can be constructed by choosing two or more data items and combining them? Select one: A. a primary key B. a concatenated key C. a secondary key D. an attribute E. an entity

B. a concatenated key

A synonym or other name for an element is called a(n): Select one: A. structural element. B. alias. C. common element. D. attributive element.

B. alias.

One distinct advantage of prototyping is that it is not necessary or desirable to build ________ for prototype purposes. Select one: A. any parts of a system B. an entire working system C. small parts of a system D. a system diagram

B. an entire working system

Transaction files: Select one: A. are large files, containing all main information about an entity. B. are used to update master files and produce reports. C. cannot contain several record types. D. are always stored using indexed-sequential organization.

B. are used to update master files and produce reports.

Which code is used to assign codes sequentially within a category? Select one: A. simple sequence codes B. block sequence codes C. cipher codes D. classification codes E. alphabetic deviation codes

B. block sequence codes

Which of the following is used when more than one choice may be selected? Select one: A. radio button B. check box C. list box D. drop-down list box E. sliders

B. check box

Which graphically characterize(s) data processes and flows through a business system? Select one: A. data dictionary B. data flow diagrams C. structured analysis D. design

B. data flow diagrams

Reports showing data that matches certain conditions are known as ________ reports. Select one: A. financial B. exception C. problem D. error

B. exception

If a decision maker has trade journals and newspaper clippings about other companies, they tend to work with: Select one: A. internal information. B. external information. C. detailed corporate information. D. summarized corporate information.

B. external information.

The overarching goal of ________ is to achieve both organizational and individual user effectiveness and efficiency. Select one: A. feedback B. human-computer interaction C. Structured Query Language (SQL) D. performance

B. human-computer interaction

An enterprise resource planning system: Select one: A. involves the use of isolated systems that do not interact. B. is purchased rather than developed. C. uses project management software to develop program coding schedules. D. links team members at remote distances.

B. is purchased rather than developed.

Which is not one of three main advantages of a decision tree over a decision table? A. sequential structure of decision tree branches B. more correct as a communication tool C. conditions and actions of decision trees are found on some branches D. more readily understood

B. more correct as a communication tool

Ajax is used to: Select one: A. partition Web sites into different Web forms. B. obtain data from a Web server and update the current Web form. C. confirm credit card accounts using a secure transaction. D. transmit data to an external partner using XML documents.

B. obtain data from a Web server and update the current Web form.

Which of the following is dependent upon determining human resources for the project? Select one: A. economic feasibility B. operational feasibility C. tactical feasibility D. technical feasibility

B. operational feasibility

During an interview, the analyst should get the ________ of the interviewees, their feelings, organizational and personal goals, and informal procedures. Select one: A. concerns B. opinions C. objections D. None of the above.

B. opinions

Making all product release deadlines imminent: Select one: A. usually results in minimally functional software. B. pushes a realistic expectation for completion to the fore. C. creates too much programmer stress and should be avoided if at all possible. D. actually slows down project development because of numerous avoidable errors.

B. pushes a realistic expectation for completion to the fore.

Which is not an approach for complex random samples? Select one: A. stratified sampling B. random sampling C. systematic sampling D. cluster sampling

B. random sampling

Which of the following is not covered by usability standards? Select one: A. the process used to develop the product B. the physical environment (work area, lighting) C. the user interface and interaction D. the capability of an organization to apply user-centered design

B. the physical environment (work area, lighting)

Which of the following is not a problem when creating decision tables? Select one: A. impossible situations B. too many conditions C. redundancy D. contradictions

B. too many conditions

A CRUD matrix is used to show: Select one: A. places in the system where the data is inaccurate. B. where records are updated, added, deleted or used. C. which Web pages are placed on a secure server. D. the partitioning of data flow diagrams in a client/server environment.

B. where records are updated, added, deleted or used.

The occasional user should have ________% of the display screen containing useful information? Select one: A. 30 B. 40 C. 50 D. 70 E. 90

C. 50

Which is not one of four steps that a systems analyst must follow to design a good sample? Select one: A. Determine the population to be sampled. B. Describe the sample size. C. Choose the type of population. D. Determine the data to be collected or described.

C. Choose the type of population.

Which of the following is not an advantage of using Joint Application Design (JAD)? Select one: A. Users have improved ownership of the system. B. The time to develop the system is reduced. C. JAD works independent of organizational culture. D. JAD helps to generate new ideas.

C. JAD works independent of organizational culture.

________ is performed most often to improve the existing software. Select one: A. Documentation B. Testing C. Maintenance D. Cloud computing

C. Maintenance

On an activity diagram, what is used to show parallel activities? Select one: A. a swimlane B. an arrow C. a synchronization bar D. a diamond

C. a synchronization bar

Context sensitive help means providing help: Select one: A. on a sensitive corporate issue. B. in a specific context about a corporate issue. C. about the current screen or area of the screen. D. about text that is linked to other text screens. E. on sensitive user personal problems.

C. about the current screen or area of the screen.

A good rule of thumb is to interview: Select one: A. at least one person on every level of the organization and at least one from each functional area directly involved in the system. B. at least one person on every level of the organization and at least two from each functional area directly involved in the system. C. at least three people on every level of the organization and at least one from each functional area directly involved in the system. D. at least one person on every level of the organization and at least three from each functional area directly involved in the system.

C. at least three people on every level of the organization and at least one from each functional area directly involved in the system.

An office lighted with warm, incandescent lighting indicates a tendency toward: Select one: A. gathering information from memos. B. formal communication. C. casual communication. D. a person that is interested in external information.

C. casual communication.

A method that provides conceptional freedom for representing processes and flows in a business system is the ________. Select one: A. database B. entity-relationship diagram C. data flow diagram D. flow chart

C. data flow diagram

Well-designed input forms and display screens should meet all of the following objectives EXCEPT: Select one: A. ease of use. B. effectiveness. C. efficiency. D. accuracy.

C. efficiency.

Which of the following is not one of the main components of UML? Select one: A. diagrams B. things C. entities D. relationships

C. entities

Which of these is most closely associated with system control? Select one: A. boundary B. environment C. feedback D. interface

C. feedback

Which is not one of the seven main sections of a strong form? Select one: A. heading B. comments C. footnote D. body E. signature and verification

C. footnote

Classification codes are used to: Select one: A. enable users to understand the components or classes of data within a larger code. B. disguise data within a classification, that is, ensure security for classified data. C. group data according to a common characteristic. D. encrypt data according to a security class. E. control the sequence of data by ensuring that a class of codes has all unique values.

C. group data according to a common characteristic.

Which section is in the top quarter of the form? Select one: A. body B. comments C. identification and access D. totals E. None of the above.

C. identification and access

User interfaces include all except: Select one: A. menu interfaces. B. form-fill interface. C. indirect manipulation interface. D. question-and-answer interfaces. E. natural-language interfaces.

C. indirect manipulation interface.

A derived element is one that: Select one: A. is keyed, derived by the users. B. has several different meanings, one for each user group. C. is created by processes as a result of calculations or a series of decision-making statements. D. has the displayed length and the stored length the same.

C. is created by processes as a result of calculations or a series of decision-making statements.

A varchar data type: Select one: A. is used to represent elements for which the analyst needs to determine the length. B. is used to represent a floating point number with an indeterminate number of decimal positions.. C. is used for data that can contain any number of characters (up to the database limit). D. is an element that contains a check digit.

C. is used for data that can contain any number of characters (up to the database limit).

Braces { } are used to indicate: Select one: A. either/or alternative. B. optional. C. iteration. D. selection.

C. iteration.

Which is not an effectiveness objective of the database? Select one: A. allowing the database to evolve and the needs of the users to grow B. ensuring all data required for current and future applications will be readily available C. maintaining data that are both accurate and inconsistent D. ensuring that data can be shared among users for a variety of applications E. allowing users to construct their personal view of the data without concern for the way the data are physically stored

C. maintaining data that are both accurate and inconsistent

A system for which only input and output are prototyped is called a ________. Select one: A. patched-up B. selected features C. nonoperational D. first-of-series

C. nonoperational

The integrity constraint that ensures that every many record in a one-to-many relationship has a matching record in the one file is called: Select one: A. cardinal integrity. B. entity integrity. C. referential integrity. D. ordinal integrity. E. domain integrity.

C. referential integrity.

Which of these is a potential disadvantage of prototyping? Select one: A. ineffective for helping users articulate requirements B. slower development than the traditional SDLC C. shapes systems before problem is thoroughly understood D. more expensive than the traditional SDLC

C. shapes systems before problem is thoroughly understood

The simplest method of probability sampling is called ________ sampling. Select one: A. convenience B. simple random C. systematic D. purposive

C. systematic

Which determines the sample size? Select one: A. cluster itself B. population C. systems analyst D. what we know about the sample itself

C. systems analyst

When doing pair programming, which person(s) chooses a partner programmer? Select one: A. management B. the project team C. the programmers D. the project leaders

C. the programmers

The advantage of building data flow diagrams based on events is that: Select one: A. events are predictable and lend a high degree of stability to the data flow diagram. B. events fall into one of four categories: read, update, create, delete. C. users are familiar with the events within their business and know how the events drive other activities. D. events are small scale and easy to analyze for input and output.

C. users are familiar with the events within their business and know how the events drive other activities.

The duties and responsibilities of the systems analyst are to identify the ________, the attributes, and even the associated attributes that need to be gathered in the sample. Select one: A. constants B. sample size C. variables D. leaders

C. variables

When should check boxes be used in a form? When should option buttons be used?

Check boxes should be used when there can be no answer, one answer, or more than one answer. Option buttons should be used when there has to be an answer and there cannot be more than one answer.

What is UML? What are the three major elements of UML?

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How does Ajax help to build effective Web pages?

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List the three primary roles of the systems analyst.

Consultant, agent of change, subject expert

When converting from an old to a new system, what is a direct change over? A modular conversion? A Distributed conversion?

Conversion by direct changeover means, on a specified date, users stop using the old system and the new system is put into use. Modular conversion uses the building of self-contained, operational subsystems to change from old systems to new in a gradual manner. Distributed conversion refers to a situation in which multiple systems are converted at a single location. When that conversion is successfully completed, other conversions are done for other sites

Which of the following is not an advantage of using a logical model? Select one: A. A system based on a logical model is more stable. B. The logical model helps the analyst understand the business being studied. C. It facilitates communication with the users. D. A logical model clarifies which processes are automated.

D. A logical model clarifies which processes are automated.

A three-tiered client/server model includes which of the following? Select one: A. application server B. database server C. Web server D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

An external entity may be: Select one: A. another computer system. B. a person. C. another department. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

The agile approach is based on: Select one: A. practices. B. principles. C. values. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

The data dictionary may be used to create: Select one: A. screens. B. reports. C. forms. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

To reach HCI goals, managers and developers need to be knowledgeable about the interplay among: Select one: A. users. B. tasks. C. the environments in which systems are used. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Which of the following may be created by transforming an XML document? Select one: A. a Web page B. a portable document format (PDF) file C. output for a handheld device D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

Which of the following is not a part of the Six Sigma methodology? Select one: A. Draw conclusions. B. Define the problem. C. Analyze the cause. D. Implement the solution. E. Standardize the changes.

D. Implement the solution.

Credit card processing uses a check digit formula called the ________ formula. Select one: A. DTD B. regular expression C. modulus 3 D. Luhn E. RFID

D. Luhn

Which of these software packages are not open source software (OSS)? Select one: A. Mozilla Firefox Web browser B. a Linux operating system C. Apache Web server D. Microsoft Windows

D. Microsoft Windows

Which of these is not a guideline for display screen design? Select one: A. Create an attractive display screen. B. Facilitate user movement among display screens. C. Keep the display screen simple. D. Vary the display screen presentation.

D. Vary the display screen presentation.

In general, if many people need copies of output, which of these is the best alternative? Select one: A. CD ROM B. display screen C. audio D. Web-based documents

D. Web-based documents

Data structures are described using ________ notation. Select one: A. relational B. metadatic C. geometric D. algebraic

D. algebraic

When selection is indicated for elements in the data dictionary: A. a simple sequence of structured English statements is all that is necessary. B. DO WHILE, DO UNTIL, or PERFORM UNTIL structured English statements must be included. C. a decision tree must be used to depict the logic. D. an IF...THEN...ELSE structure must be present in the structured English statements.

D. an IF...THEN...ELSE structure must be present in the structured English statements.

A many-to-many relationship is replaced with ________ to form two one-to-many relationships. Select one: A. a bipolar entity B. a fundamental entity C. an attributive entity D. an associative entity

D. an associative entity

Anything external to an organization's boundaries is considered to be: Select one: A. an enterprise resource system. B. an associative entity. C. of little importance. D. an environment.

D. an environment.

Which word is used interchangeably with the term data item? Select one: A. record B. tuple C. key D. attribute

D. attribute

Which kind of question is easiest to analyze? Select one: A. probe B. tactical C. open D. closed

D. closed

Which is the biggest advantage of the data flow approach over narrative explanations? Select one: A. freedom from committing to the technical implementation of the system too early B. further understanding of the interrelatedness of systems and subsystems C. communicating current system knowledge of users through data flow diagrams D. conceptual freedom found in the use of the four symbols

D. conceptual freedom found in the use of the four symbols

Which of the following is not a basic activity of agile development? Select one: A. listening B. coding C. designing D. documenting

D. documenting

Which is the most common information flow in an organization? Select one: A. downward and vertically B. upward and horizontally C. upward and vertically D. downward and horizontally

D. downward and horizontally

Based on their study of a group of programmers, the best programmers are ________ times more productive than the worst ones. Select one: A. one to two B. three to five C. four to eight D. five to ten

D. five to ten

At what stage do operators and end-users become actively involved in testing? Select one: A. full systems testing with live data B. link testing with test data C. program testing with test data D. full systems testing with test data

D. full systems testing with test data

A patched-up prototype is likely to be: Select one: A. standardized. B. nonworking. C. controversial. D. inefficient.

D. inefficient.

A logical data flow diagram: Select one: A. includes types of programs, such as online or batch. B. is a model of how the system will be implemented. C. does not include any primitive processes. D. is a model of how the business operates.

D. is a model of how the business operates.

In a text box, such as found in Microsoft Access, character data should be aligned on the ________ and numeric data on the ________. Select one: A. left, left B. right, left C. right, right D. left, right

D. left, right

A crow's foot notation indicates: Select one: A. one of the other entity. B. none of the other entity. C. an attributive entity. D. many of the other entity.

D. many of the other entity.

Which method is useful for scoring answer sheets for survey questionnaires? Select one: A. punch out forms B. MICR C. data strips D. mark sense forms E. bar codes

D. mark sense forms

Systems that require constant updating and technical design are prone to which kind of error? Select one: A. design B. coding C. documentation D. miscommunication

D. miscommunication

Elements on a data flow going into or out from a data store: Select one: A. must be created by the process linking to the data store. B. must be base elements. C. must be on a data flow that is input to the process that creates the output that is going to the data store. D. must be contained by the data store.

D. must be contained by the data store.

Which is the formula of the necessary sample size (n), where p is the proportion of the population having the attribute and p is the standard error of the proportion? Select one: A. n = p(1 + p) / σp2 + 1 B. n = p(1 - p) σp + 1 C. n = p(1 - p) / σp2 D. n = p(1 - p) / σp2 + 1

D. n = p(1 - p) / σp2 + 1

The agile approach and the ________ approach both allow subsystems to be built one at a time until the entire system is complete. Select one: A. systems development life cycle B. unified modeling C. try and try again D. object-oriented

D. object-oriented

Which is not a main type of sample? Select one: A. simple B. complex C. convenience D. objectiveness E. purposive

D. objectiveness

Which of the following allow users to arrange data in any way they choose? Select one: A. natural language queries B. parameter queries C. indirect manipulation interface D. pivot tables

D. pivot tables

What provides periodic updates of what is occurring in the business? Select one: A. performance reports B. reports used for decision making C. data capture forms D. records

D. records

Which of the following is the main goal of the object-oriented approach? Select one: A. functional control B. maintaining systems C. minimizing the impact of change D. reusability

D. reusability

Which prototype includes only some, but not all, of the components of the final system? Select one: A. patched-up prototype B. first-of-a-series prototype C. nonworking scale model D. selected features prototype

D. selected features prototype

When an entity has a relationship connecting it to itself, it is called a(n): Select one: A. unitary relationship. B. inverse relationship. C. extensible join. D. self-join.

D. self-join.

Which sampling technique is usually the most important to the systems analyst? Select one: A. random sampling B. systematic sampling C. cluster sampling D. stratified sampling

D. stratified sampling

Which of the following is not one of the four values of agile modeling? Select one: A. courage B. communication C. simplicity D. technical skill

D. technical skill

When the data flow in and out of a parent process do not match the data flow in or out of a child diagram, it is called: Select one: A. a primitive process. B. a disordered pair. C. a logical data flow diagram. D. unbalanced decomposition.

D. unbalanced decomposition.

List and describe the four anomalies that may occur when creating database tables.

Data redundancy, Insert anomaly, Deletion anomaly, Update anomaly.

Which of the following does not need to be considered when building a Web site? Select one: A. structure B. promotion C. navigation D. graphics E. HTML expertise

E. HTML expertise

An advantage of using significant-digit codes is that: Select one: A. the code may be generated by auto-sequencing programs. B. the data may be easily concealed. C. the code combines the flexibility of data that is grouped and a sequence code. D. the code is short and quick to enter. E. inquiries may be performed on a portion of the code.

E. inquiries may be performed on a portion of the code.

Which of these steps in interview preparation is most helpful in allowing the interviewer to build a vocabulary common to the interviewee? Select one: A. deciding on question types and structure B. deciding whom to interview C. establishing interview objectives D. preparing the interviewee E. reading background material

E. reading background material

An analyst should choose the Systems Development Life Cycle approach when: Select one: A. systems have already been developed and documented using SDLC. B. it is important to document each step of the way. C. upper-level management feels more comfortable or safe using SDLC. D. there are adequate resources and time to complete the full SDLC. E. communication of how new systems work is important. F. All of the above. G. None of the above.

F. All of the above.

List three main ways in which presentations of output are unintentionally biased.

How information is sorted, choice of graphics, and setting of acceptable limits can be unknowingly influenced by a bias which in turn can then influence others.

What are the three parts of a use case scenario that are always described?

Level, actors, relationships

List three ways to notify a Web user that the input is not in the correct form.

Return a new page with the message on the side of the field containing the error.; Display a message box on the current screen with details about the specific error.; Detect multiple errors and display text messages on the page

What are the four values of agile modeling?

The four values are communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

Which of the following should be used to prepare the interviewee? Select one: a. Email your questions to the interviewee ahead of time so that he/she can formulate responses. b. Tell the interviewee the type and format of the questions. c. Let the interviewee know the names of other people that you have interviewed. d. Ask the interviewee what he/she would like to be questioned about.

a. Email your questions to the interviewee ahead of time so that he/she can formulate responses.

________ are important instruments for steering the course of work. Select one: a. Forms b. Databases c. Data models d. Buttons

a. Forms

A ________ is a chart on which bars represent each task. Select one: a. Gantt chart b. design diagram c. PERT diagram d. database design

a. Gantt chart

Which is not one of the top five most legible combinations of foreground lettering on background? Select one: a. green on black b. yellow on black c. blue on white d. white on blue e. black on yellow

a. green on black

Which of these is an advantage of closed interview questions? Select one: a. keeps interviewer in control of the interview b. makes it more interesting for the interviewee c. makes phrasing easier for the interviewer d. provides richness of detail

a. keeps interviewer in control of the interview

Structured English can be more complex if blocks of (instructions) are ________ within each other to show hierarchy. Select one: a. nested b. grouped c. selected d. placed

a. nested

Which of the following is not one of the fundamental components of the agile approach? Select one: a. pressure b. values c. principles d. core practices

a. pressure

An example of a(n) ________ is the question "Why?" Select one: a. probe b. bipolar question c. closed question d. interactive question

a. probe

An inductive organization of interview questions can be visualized as having a ________ shape. Select one: a. pyramid b. diamond c. funnel d. cube

a. pyramid

The written interview report: Select one: a. should be written as soon as possible after the interview. b. should be a transcript of the interview. c. should not be shown to the interviewee since it may contain interview opinions that may not be perceived as favorable. d. should not contain the user's name or position.

a. should be written as soon as possible after the interview.

All systems are composed of interrelated ________. Select one: a. subsystems b. enterprise systems c. database systems d. design systems

a. subsystems

The ________ summarizes what has been found during the systems analysis phase, provides cost/benefit analyses of alternatives, and makes recommendations on what should be done. Select one: a. systems proposal b. database design c. template d. development life cycle

a. systems proposal

The context level data flow diagram depicts: Select one: a. the boundaries of a system. b. detailed processes that transform the incoming data to information. c. the system entities and how they are related. d. computer programs and their files.

a. the boundaries of a system.

In order to use structured English, which convention is not advisable? Select one: a. Express all logic in terms of sequential structures, decision structures, case structures, or iterations. b. Blank a line and indent blocks of statements to show their hierarchy. c. Use and capitalize accepted keywords such as IF, THEN. d. Be careful when using "and" and "or."

b. Blank a line and indent blocks of statements to show their hierarchy.

________ gives information about the gap between actual and intended performance. Select one: a. Research b. Feedback c. Usage data d. None of the above.

b. Feedback

________ reduces programming labor by reusing common objects easily. Select one: a. Settlement b. Inheritance c. Parenting d. Dower

b. Inheritance

In an interview, which of the following is not a way to identify a major point for a problem definition from an interview? Select one: a. Users may communicate the same metaphors, such as saying the business is a journey, war, game, organism, machine, and so on. b. Users may be purposely brief when talking about the problem. c. Identifying an issue, topic, or theme that is repeated several times, sometimes by different people in several interviews. d. It may be the first thing mentioned by the user. e. Users may communicate importance by body language or may speak emphatically on an issue.

b. Users may be purposely brief when talking about the problem.

The problem that occurs when respondents rate everything as average is called: Select one: a. bipolarity. b. central tendency. c. halo effect. d. leniency.

b. central tendency.

Another way a systems analyst can show the scope of a system and define proper system boundaries is to use a(n) ________. Select one: a. flow chart b. entity-relationship diagram c. database diagram d. spreadsheet

b. entity-relationship diagram

When one class is created from another class it is called ________. Select one: a. settlement b. inheritance c. dower d. parenting

b. inheritance

Input which stays within the business is called ________. Select one: a. external input b. internal input c. public input d. private input

b. internal input

Which of these characteristics is most important to a systems analyst? Select one: a. communicator b. problem solver c. programmer d. project manager

b. problem solver

One important justification for CASE tools is to increase analyst ________. Select one: a. confidence b. productivity c. skill d. None of the above

b. productivity

Which graphical user interface screen element is used to select data that has continuous values? Select one: a. drop-down list box b. sliders c. radio button d. check box e. list box

b. sliders

On a sequence diagram, a lateral bar or vertical rectangle is used to represent: Select one: a. the lifeline for the class or object. b. the focus of control, when an object is busy doing things. c. messages sent between classes. d. the time sequence of activities.

b. the focus of control, when an object is busy doing things.

Which of the following is a human need taken into account when considering the human-computer interaction? Select one: a. the hardware that the system will run on b. the pleasing, aesthetic and enjoyable aspects of using the system c. the amount of training that will be required d. the kind of monitoring that will take place for compliance

b. the pleasing, aesthetic and enjoyable aspects of using the system

Which of the following symbols is not used on the context level data flow diagram? Select one: a. rectangle with rounded corners b. triangle c. arrow d. shaded corner square

b. triangle

Which of these statements concerning the systems development life cycle is true? Select one: a. Designing the system is the first step in the SDLC. b. No phase can occur until the previous phase is completed. c. Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step. d. There is widespread agreement that the SDLC is composed of seven phases.

c. Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step.

Which of the following is a rule of thumb used to make the dashboard more attractive and more effective? Select one: a. Create an RSS file for the dashboard. b. Use a large variety of item types. c. Choose appropriate performance measures for display. d. Use bright colors and bold fonts only for all data to distinguish the dashboard from the other windows.

c. Choose appropriate performance measures for display.

Which of the following does Ajax use to modify Web pages? Select one: a. server-side scripts b. synchronous transmission protocols c. JavaScript d. hidden fields

c. JavaScript

An encyclopedia that is used to store all project information is called: Select one: a. a data dictionary. b. an upper CASE tool. c. a CASE repository. d. a lower CASE tool.

c. a CASE repository.

A Gantt chart contains: Select one: a. time on the vertical access. b. money on the vertical access. c. a description of the activities on the vertical access. d. precedence on the vertical access.

c. a description of the activities on the vertical access.

Probing questions: Select one: a. should be avoided, since they may make the interviewee feel that he/she is being interrogated. b. are not used when interviewing business professionals since the questioning should be strictly limited to understanding the system and business situation. c. are used to clarify, draw out and expand on the interviewee's point. d. should be done using an investigative/reporter approach.

c. are used to clarify, draw out and expand on the interviewee's point.

Which of following is not a specific criteria for project selection? Select one: a. appropriate timing of project commitment b. practical in terms of resources for the analyst and organization c. backing from programmers d. worthwhile project compared with other ways the organization could invest resources e. possibility of improving attainment of organizational goals

c. backing from programmers

Objects are represented by and grouped into ________ that are optimal for reuse and maintainability. Select one: a. views b. objects c. classes d. displays

c. classes

Which of these is used to depict a relationship in an entity relationship diagram? Select one: a. triangle b. square c. crow's foot line d. rectangle

c. crow's foot line

Proper layout and ________ contribute to a form's attractiveness. Select one: a. headers b. font c. flow d. groupings

c. flow

Which of these interview structures begins with the general and ends with the specific? Select one: a. circle b. diamond c. funnel d. pyramid

c. funnel

The interview is also a valuable time to explore key ________ concerns, including ergonomic aspects and system usability. Select one: a. color design b. reliability c. human computer interaction (HCI) d. readability

c. human computer interaction (HCI)

The free flow of information within a system is called: Select one: a. open source information. b. a virtual organization. c. openness. d. enterprise wide resource availability.

c. openness.

Which of the following is not a form of electronic output? Select one: a. bulletin board messages b. fax c. report d. email

c. report

Which level of management is most dependent on external information? Select one: a. operations b. middle c. strategic d. None of these are dependent on external information.

c. strategic

A zero on a relationship line indicates: Select one: a. that the relationship line is undefined. b. the absence of any well-defined entities. c. that none is possible for the next relationship. d. that the relationship should be used to create an associative entity.

c. that none is possible for the next relationship.

Which of the following is clarified by the project charter? Select one: a. analysis expectations b. how much can the scope change before the project will be over budget c. the project deliverables d. how much will the project cost

c. the project deliverables

Object-oriented approaches use what industry standard for modeling object-oriented systems? Select one: a. artificial intelligence b. a distributed system c. the unified modeling language d. multiview

c. the unified modeling language

List the four objectives that a systems analyst can use to support accurate data entry.

creating meaningful coding for data, designing efficient data capture approaches, assuring complete and effective data capture, and assuring data quality through validation.

What question should be asked at the end of an interview? Select one: a. "Are there any answers that you would like to change, now that you have had time to think things over?" b. "Others in your organization have provided conflicting information. Do we have your permission to explain your point of view?" c. "Do you mind if we check your answers out with others in future interviews?" d. "Is there anything we haven't touched on that you think it is important for me to know?"

d. "Is there anything we haven't touched on that you think it is important for me to know?"

Which of these sorting procedures can introduce bias into information? Select one: a. cost b. alphabetical c. chronological d. All of the above. e. None of the above.

d. All of the above.

Which of the following are common orientations for smart phones and tablets? Select one: a. portrait b. landscape c. diagonal d. Both A and B. e. A, B and C. f. None of the above.

d. Both A and B.

A template that the analyst may use when beginning to model or talk about the system from an O-O perspective is called a: Select one: a. design layer. b. User Message Language. c. UML descriptor. d. CRC card. e. whole-part structure.

d. CRC card.

________ diagrams are used to model the static structural design view of a system. Select one: a. Concept diagrams b. Structural diagrams c. Behavioral diagrams. d. Class

d. Class

________ are an important tool in the analysis of structured decisions. Select one: a. Contradictions b. Data dictionaries c. Decision trees d. Decision tables

d. Decision tables

________ are those for which the conditions, condition alternatives, actions, and action rules can be determined. Select one: a. Useful decisions b. Sequential decisions c. System-wide decisions d. Structured decisions

d. Structured decisions

The symbol used to represent a process on a context level data flow diagram is: Select one: a. a diamond inside a rectangle. b. a circle. c. an oval inside a rectangle. d. a rectangle with rounded corners.

d. a rectangle with rounded corners.

On an activity diagram, what is used to show partitioning? Select one: a. a synchronization bar b. a diamond c. a filled-in circle d. a swimlane

d. a swimlane

JAD sessions: Select one: a. are used when several interviews, with several users, contain only closed, detailed questions. b. are used when the users do not get along with one another. c. are used to perform interviews with management and primary clients outside the corporation. d. are used to reduce the time and the cost of doing many one-to-one interviews.

d. are used to reduce the time and the cost of doing many one-to-one interviews.

Which of the following is not a type of bias introduced unintentionally during output presentations? Select one: a. how information is sorted b. choice of graphics c. setting of acceptable limits d. choice of fonts

d. choice of fonts

The four values of the agile approach are: Select one: a. communication, simplicity, user centered design and courage. b. communication, courage, principals and core practices. c. communication, values, feedback, and courage. d. communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

d. communication, simplicity, feedback, and courage.

An integrated organizational information system is called a(n): Select one: a. virtual organization. b. open system. c. interrelated external entity. d. enterprise resource planning system.

d. enterprise resource planning system.

Designing a form with proper ________ can minimize the time and effort spent by employees in form completion. Select one: a. headings b. usefulness c. context d. flow

d. flow

The biggest difference between the questions used for most interviews and those on questionnaires is: Select one: a. interview questions may be open ended. b. interview questions may be grouped into categories. c. interviewing allows the analyst to include questions that are both open ended and closed. d. interviewing permits interaction between the questions and their meanings.

d. interviewing permits interaction between the questions and their meanings.

Process specifications are sometimes called ________, because they are a small portion of the total project specifications. Select one: a. designs b. data flows c. information nodes d. minispecs

d. minispecs

When program software is distributed free with the code or computer instructions available for anyone to modify, it is called: Select one: a. freeware. b. code independent software. c. a distributed system. d. open source software.

d. open source software.

Which of the following is not a way in which systems projects are considered to be feasible? Select one: a. operationally b. technically c. economically d. physically

d. physically

Which of the following is not one of the main problems that can occur in developing decision tables? Select one: a. incompleteness b. impossible situations c. contradictions d. repetition

d. repetition

Which of these is not an advantage of a Gantt chart? Select one: a. communicating with users b. simplicity c. planning activities d. showing precedence

d. showing precedence

When it is desirable to provide different information for different departments, ________ forms are useful. Select one: a. paper b. standard c. colorful d. specialty

d. specialty

By employing ________ icons for screen design, designers and users all save time. Select one: a. complex b. simple c. nonstandard d. standard

d. standard

Solid arrowheads used for messages on a sequence diagram represent: Select one: a. return parameters. b. inheritance relationships. c. asynchronous messages. d. synchronous messages.

d. synchronous messages.

The longest path through a PERT diagram is called: Select one: a. slack time. b. the precedent activity path. c. maximum path time. d. the critical path.

d. the critical path.

The degree in which the question measures what the analyst intends to measure is called: Select one: a. external consistency. b. internal consistency. c. factoring. d. validity.

d. validity.

Which is not a guideline for form design? Select one: a. Keep forms attractive. b. Make forms easy to fill out. c. Design forms to assure accurate completion. d. Ensure that forms meet the purpose for which they are designed. e. None of the above.

e. None of the above.