CJ 320 Exam 2 Review

what is genuine moral dilemma

a situation from which one cannot emerge innocent no matter what one does: employ a dirty means, employ an insufficiently dirty means, or walk away

what does the polygraph uncover

behaviors that would not have surfaced during personal interviews or background investigation

What is scanning

conduct preliminary inquiry to determine if a problem exists and if further analysis is needed

What does psychological screening test consider

stability and suitability

When did the community era start and is it still going or not

started in the 1980's and is still going today

Are gratuity unethical

yes

Do training requirements vary by jurisdiction

yes

Deadly force in 2015

-National Vital Statistics System = 523 -WaPo = 994 - The guardian = 1,146 - Feldman et al. = 1,166 -Lum and Ball = 1,250

Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

-addressed deadly force -"fleeing felon rule"

What are ways to measure misconducts

-citizen complaints -observational research -officer self reports -official police records

What are some methods for analysis

-computerized crime mapping and offense reports - Calls for service (CFS) analysis - community surveys -problem analysis triangle

What are some different way use of force is used

-officer presence -verbalization -empty-hand control -less- lethal methods -lethal force

What was police miscondut like during the political era

-officers paid politicians for positions -officers received money, goods, services from businesses in exchange for extra police protection -police would ignore vice crimes in exchange for portion of the profits -used discretionary powers when interacting with recent immigration and different ethnic groups

What was the finding from the investigation from the Christopher commission of the LAPD

-pointed to impact of "repeated offenders" -Out of 8,450 officers employed during the 4 yr study period 1,800 officers received excessive force/ brutality complaints

Research questioned the impact of police strategies

-preventative patrol, rapid responses, and criminal investigation units - police permitted to experiment and were increasingly provided federal funding to do so

what are the non traditional measure of assessment

-reduced repeat victimization, decreases in related crime, neighborhood indicators, increased citizen satisfaction, reduced citizen fear

Response

-search for most effective way of dealing with problem - focus on developing and implementing responses to problem - important to avoid the "quick fix"

Graham v. Connor (1989)

-use of force must be "objectively reasonable"

What are some considerations for use of force

1. whether suspects pose and immediate threat 2. the severity of the crime 3. whether suspect is actively resisting arrest 4.whether suspect is a flight risk or attempting to escape custody

What is the percent of Hispanics and black LEO

12% for blacks and 10% are Hispanic

What percent of police agencies use polygraph testing

26%

What is the Probationary period for the field training officer program

6-12 months

What is the average length of training in NC

640 Hrs

What is the average length of training in the US

760 hrs

What does SARA stand for

Scanning, Analysis, Response, Assessment

What are some shared characteristics

- close interactions with local communities - focus on quality of life and citizen satisfaction - geographically defined officer assignments -decentralization

What was it like during the reform era

-"third degree" questioned suspects for a extended time without food, water, or sleep -excessive force against racial/ethnic minorities

What are the Bureau of justice statistics (2008)

-40 million citizens had face to face contact with police in the previous year -760,000 had force used against them(1.9% of contacts) - 74% felt force used was excessive - 28% of suspects reported provoking officers

How long does the program usually last

1-12 weeks

rooted in 2 school of thought

1. Community oriented policing (COP) 2. Problem oriented Policing (POP)

What are the alternatives to conventional firearms/ deadly force

1. OC spray 2. Impact munitions 3. Conducted energy devices

Fyfe (1995)

1. extralegal violence or brutality: officer willfully and wrongfully use force that exceeds the boundaries of their authority. 2. unnecessary force: force used by will intentional officers who are unable to handle a situation and result to violence too quickly or needlessly

What are the benefits of cybervetting in properly conducted

1. increase public confidence in police agencies by ensuring that law enforcement personnel are not engaged in inappropriate behavior 2. corroborate or contradict information provided on a resume or job application

McEwen (1996)

1. use of excessive force (amount used during an incident) vs. 2.excessive use of force (frequency of use over a span of incidents)

What are some common tests

Criminal record checks, background investigations, driving record checks, personal interviews, psychological evaluations, written aptitude test, physical agility test, personality inventory, medical exams

People v Waters

Defendant was charged with felony gun possession Defense theory: arresting officer planted the gun Police officer had a Myspace account Near time of arrest of defendant: mood description was listed as "devious" Status: watching training day to brush up on proper police procedure

What is the Geoff Alpert's force factor

Difference in the amount of force used by officer vs suspect -Officers used more force in 19% of cases - officers used less force in 31% of cases Based on supervisors use of force reports

Officer fired for Facebook post

Flint, Michigan: officer fired for post about a murder being handled by the Flint PD "keep purging society of the maggots. 2 less welfare, food stamp people. Keep it up."

What are the 3 phases of the program

Introductory: Policies and laws training and evaluation phase: more complicated tasks final phase: performance graded

College education and policing

It started with Vollmer and UC, Berkley in the early 1900's

What is a key problem facing police agencies

Recruitment

What is the ultimate challenge in POP

Response

What are some factors that affect the ability to recruit qualified candidates

Obesity, debt, drug-use, criminal records, driving records, low wages, community perceptions

What does OC stand for

Oleoresin capsicum

officer disciplined for facebook post

Peoria AZ: officer posted a picture to Facebook Secret service and the officer's department launched inquiry's. Officer was demoted and suspended for a violation of the social media policy and for discrediting the department

What is OC spray more commonly known as

Pepper spray

Is character investigations used by almost all departments

Yes 99% of them

Are woman underrepresented in leadership ranks

Yes, about 1% of chiefs are women

Is character investigation the most important element

Yes, its also one of the most time consuming and costly

How much work experience does the FBI require

at least 3 years of professional work experience

What did the court rule in Tennessee v. Garner case

deadly force may be used to prevent escape when the officer has probable cause to believe the suspect poses a serious threat of physical harm to the officer or others

What does problem analysis triangle help with

helps officers visualize recurring problems

What does the polygraph testing ensure

honesty

What is the purpose of analysis

identify seriousness of problem, know individual/groups involved and affected, list causes of problem, assess current responses

What is cybervetting?

is an assessment of a person's suitability to hold a position using information found on the internet to help make that determination

What does it interfere with

it interferes with the neuronmuscular

What is CFS for

it reveals hotspots of crime and disturbances

What does written test measure

measure general intelligence, reading, and writing skills

What is spent most on in training

most time is spent on firearms and self defense skills

Is there a national database for deadly force

no there is not

What are the traditional measure of assessment

number of arrest, levels of reported crimes, response times, clearance rates, citizens complaints, workload indicators

What is conducted energy devices commonly known as

taser or stun gun

what did the 2014 IACP survey find

that 54.2% of employers reported using social networking sites to screen applicants

what is the standard national academy curriculum

there is no standard curriculum

What are impact munitions

they are rubber/wooden bullets or small beanbags fired from shotgun/gas launchers