CK12 Biology Chapter 3 combined vocabulary

eukaryotic cell

cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles

prokaryotic cell

cell without a nucleus that is found in single-celled organisms

osmosis

diffusion of water molecules across a membrane

facilitated diffusion

diffusion with the help of transport proteins

phospholipid bilayer

double layer of phospholipid molecules that makes up a plasma membrane

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metabolic processes

central vacuole

large saclike organelle in plant cells that stores substances such as water and helps keep plant tissues rigid

vacuole

large saclike organelle that stores and transports materials inside a cell

passive transport

movement of substances across a plasma membrane that does not require energy

active transport

movement of substances across a plasma membrane that requires energy

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

organelle in eukaryotic cells that helps make and transport proteins

mitochondria (singular, mitochondrion)

organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes energy available to the cell in the form of ATP molecules

Golgi apparatus

organelle in eukaryotic cells that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell

chloroplast

organelle in the cells of plants and algae where photosynthesis takes place

nucleus

organelle inside eukaryotic cells that contains most of the cell's DNA and acts as the control center of the cell

eukaryote

organism that has cells containing a nucleus and other organelles

transport protein

protein in a plasma membrane that helps other substances cross the membrane

cell wall

rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell and helps support and protect the cell

prokaryote

single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus

vesicle

small saclike organelle that stores and transports materials inside a cell

ribosome

structure inside all cells where proteins are made

cytoskeleton

structure of filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm that provides a cell with an internal framework

endosymbiotic theory

theory that eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that invaded primitive eukaryotic cells

plasma membrane

thin coat of lipids (phospholipids) that surrounds and encloses a cell

virus

tiny, nonliving particle that contains DNA but lacks other characteristics of living cells

sodium-potassium pump

type of active transport in which sodium ions are pumped out of the cell and potassium ions are pumped into the cell with the help of a carrier protein and energy from ATP

vesicle transport

type of active transport in which substances are carried across the cell membrane by vesicles

cytoplasm

all of the material inside the plasma membrane of a cell (excluding organelles)

diffusion

type of passive transport that does not require the help of transport proteins

endocytosis

type of vesicle transport that moves substances into a cell

exocytosis

type of vesicle transport that moves substances out of a cell