CK12 Biology Chapter 3 combined vocabulary
eukaryotic cell
cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles
prokaryotic cell
cell without a nucleus that is found in single-celled organisms
osmosis
diffusion of water molecules across a membrane
facilitated diffusion
diffusion with the help of transport proteins
phospholipid bilayer
double layer of phospholipid molecules that makes up a plasma membrane
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
energy-carrying molecule that cells use to power their metabolic processes
central vacuole
large saclike organelle in plant cells that stores substances such as water and helps keep plant tissues rigid
vacuole
large saclike organelle that stores and transports materials inside a cell
passive transport
movement of substances across a plasma membrane that does not require energy
active transport
movement of substances across a plasma membrane that requires energy
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
organelle in eukaryotic cells that helps make and transport proteins
mitochondria (singular, mitochondrion)
organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes energy available to the cell in the form of ATP molecules
Golgi apparatus
organelle in eukaryotic cells that processes proteins and prepares them for use both inside and outside the cell
chloroplast
organelle in the cells of plants and algae where photosynthesis takes place
nucleus
organelle inside eukaryotic cells that contains most of the cell's DNA and acts as the control center of the cell
eukaryote
organism that has cells containing a nucleus and other organelles
transport protein
protein in a plasma membrane that helps other substances cross the membrane
cell wall
rigid layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of a plant cell and helps support and protect the cell
prokaryote
single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus
vesicle
small saclike organelle that stores and transports materials inside a cell
ribosome
structure inside all cells where proteins are made
cytoskeleton
structure of filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm that provides a cell with an internal framework
endosymbiotic theory
theory that eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria evolved from ancient, free-living prokaryotes that invaded primitive eukaryotic cells
plasma membrane
thin coat of lipids (phospholipids) that surrounds and encloses a cell
virus
tiny, nonliving particle that contains DNA but lacks other characteristics of living cells
sodium-potassium pump
type of active transport in which sodium ions are pumped out of the cell and potassium ions are pumped into the cell with the help of a carrier protein and energy from ATP
vesicle transport
type of active transport in which substances are carried across the cell membrane by vesicles
cytoplasm
all of the material inside the plasma membrane of a cell (excluding organelles)
diffusion
type of passive transport that does not require the help of transport proteins
endocytosis
type of vesicle transport that moves substances into a cell
exocytosis
type of vesicle transport that moves substances out of a cell