Class #19

Example of Subjective Value

Preferring coke over sprite.

Internal meaning is compatible with

Metaphysical Naturalism

Theory of MN

N1) every fact in the universe is a physical fact N2) only science provides a reliable means of acquiring knowledge

Example of Objective Value

Nine being greater than 7

Internal Meaning

If someone is satisfied with their life, then their life has internal meaning.

Objective Value

Independent of any mental value. Something is objective only if it wouldve been the case even if nobody realized it.

An Argument for Intrinsic Value

1) For anything O1 and person S, if S values O1 for its extrinsic value only, then S values O1 in order to get O2 2) If S values O2 for its extrinsic value only, then S values O2 in order to get O3. 3) If S values anything for its extrinsic value only, then S must value an endless number of things or S must value something of intrinsic value 4) But no human can value an endless number of things. So, 5) S must value something with intrinsic value 6) People do value things for their extrinsic value only. Therefore, 7) There must be at least one thing of intrinsic value

3 Views of Meaning in Life

1) Transcendent meaning 2) Extrinsic meaning 3) Internal meaning

An example of extrinsic value is

A dollar bill because you can buy something with it

Extrinsic Meaning

A life L has meaning just in case L results in the universe being objectively better than it would have if L didnt exist.

An example of Intrinsic Value is

Being happy, being in love, gaining knowledge.

Subjective Value

Depends upon a mental attitude. Subjective value = someone likes it

According to the Argument for Intrinsic Value...

Something of intrinsic value must exist as long as there is something of extrinsic value

Extrinsic Value

The value of something because of its consequences.

X is Intrinsically Valuable when

When... 1) X is desirable whether or not anyone desires it 2) It would be a bad thing to kill or destroy X 3) X is worth having, regardless of usefullness 4) Theres no answer to why is x valuable

Intrinsic Value

X is valuable in and of itself, apart from its consequences.

Transcendent Meaning

a life L has meaning just in case L is designed to have a purpose, or is assigned a purposed by a supernatural being. (implies God or another supernatural power exists)

Having your desire X be satisfied can be bad for you if

you think that X will increase your happiness when really it will thwart your happiness