Classification of Matter- Chemistry
Examples of elements
-Carbon -Helium -Gold
Examples of compound (pure substance)
-Carbon Dioxide (CO2) -Water (H2O) -Salt (NaCl) -Sucrose (C12H22O11)
Colloids
-Colloids are solutions -They can be described as a substance trapped inside another substance. -They can be identified by their characteristic scattering of light called the Tyndall effect.
Homogenous Mixture-
-Components are evenly mixed (More pure than heterogenous) -Cannot see the parts
Mixture-
-If a sample of sand contains iron and salt, how could you separate them from the other minerals.
Example of Homogenous Mixture
-Salt water contains salt and water, but are mixed all the way to the atomic level, but it can still be separated by physical means.
Example of Heterogenous Mixture-
-Sand -Granite -Wood -Chex Mix -Chocolate chip ice cream -Milk -Blood
Mixture (more info)
-Some mixtures are more pure than others
Elements
-Substances made up of only one type of atom. -CANNOT be separated by any PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL processes.
Solution Examples
-Sugar Water -Salt Water
Mixture
-Two or more pure substances mixed together. -Each substance in the mixture retains its own set of chemical and physical properties.
Heterogenous Mixture-
-Uneven distribution of substances. (very impure)
example of compounds being separated
-Water can be separated into Hydrogen and Oxygen by a process called Electrolysis
Other colloids
-fog -smoke -glue -gelatin -mayonnaise
Suspension Example
-oil and water -water and sand
Suspension
-the particles in suspensions are larger than those found in solutions. Components of a suspension an be evenly distributed by mechanical means, shaking the contents, but the components will settle out.
Compounds can only be separated by....
A CHEMICAL REACTION
Pure substances
Can be divided into two categories: compounds and elements.
Example of Collpid
For example: air trapped inside the fat molecules in the whipped cream; milk
Pure Substance
Matter that has only 1 set of chemical and physical properties.
Compounds only have....
ONE set of properties. They CANNOT be separated by any physical processes
Classification of matter
One way chemists classify matter is based on its purity.
Pure substance example:
Pure water has the exact same chemical and physical properties under the same conditions.
Solutions
Solutions are homogenous mixtures that do not scatter light. These mixtures are created when something is completely dissolved in pure water. Therefore, they are easily separated y distillation or evaporation
Compound
Two or more elements chemically bonded together.
Mixture (more info)
Unlike pure substances, mixtures can always be separated by physical means.