Clinical Chem Textbooks Questions 1-5

Stray light in a spectrophotometer places limits on:

upper range of linearity

If 2 methods agree perfectly in a method comparison study, the slope equals,______ and _______

1.0, 0.0

Calculate the sigma value for Na given that the total allowable error is 8%, the bias is 0.9%, and the CV is 2%.

3.6

1.1. What is the molarity for a solution containing 100 g of NaCl made up to 500 mL with distilled water? Assume a gram molecular weight (from periodic table) of approximately 58 grams. a. 3.45 M b. 1.72 M c. 290M d. 5.27 Mp

A

1.14. A 24-hour urine has a total volume of 1,200 mL. A 1:200 dilution of the urine specimen gives a creatinine result of 0.8 mg/dL. The serum value is 1.2 mg/dL. What is the final value of creatinine in mg/dL in the undiluted urine sample? a. 160 b. 0.8 c. 960 d. 860

A

1.15. A 24-hour urine has a total volume of 1,200 mL. A 1:200 dilution of the urine specimen gives a creatinine result of 0.8 mg/dL. The serum value is 1.2 mg/dL. What is the result in terms of grams per 24 hours? a. 1.92 b. 0.08 c. 80 d. 19

A

1.2. What is the normality for a solution containing 100 g of NaCl made up to 500 mL with distilled water? Assume a gram molecular weight (from periodic table) of approximately 58 g. a. 3.45 b. 0.86 c. 1.72 d. 6.9

A

1.20. Which of the following containers is calibrated to hold only one exact volume of liquid? a. Volumetric flask b. Erlenmeyer flask c. Griffin beaker d. Graduated cylinder

A

1.3. What is the percent (w/v) for a solution containing 100 g of NaCl made up to 500 mL with distilled water? a. 20% b. 5% c. 29% d. 58%

A

1.5. What is the value in mg/dL for a solution containing 10 mg of CaCl2 made with 100 mL of distilled water? a. 10 b. 100 c. 50 d. Cannot determine without additional information

A

1.6. What is the molarity of a solution containing 10 mg of CaCl2 made with 100 mL of distilled water? Assume a gram molecular weight from the periodic table of approximately 111 g. a. 9 × 10−4 b. 1.1 × 10−3 c. 11.1 d. 90

A

1.9. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, give the ratio of salt to weak acid for a Veronal buffer with a pH of 8.6 and a pKa of 7.43. a. 14.7/1 b. 1/8.6 c. 1.17/1 d. 1/4.3

A

2.3. Proper PPE in the chemistry laboratory for routine testing includes a. Impermeable lab coat with eye/face protection and appropriate disposable gloves b. Respirators with HEPA filter c. Gloves with rubberized sleeves d. Safety glasses for individuals not wearing contact lenses

A

2.5. Which of the following is the proper means of disposal for the type of waste? a. Microbiologic waste by steam sterilization b. Xylene into the sewer system c. Mercury by burial d. Radioactive waste by incineration

A

2.7. Which of the following are examples of nonionizing radiation? a. Ultraviolet light and microwaves b. Gamma rays and x-rays c. Alpha and beta radiation d. Neutron and beta radiation

A

3.1. A Gaussian distribution is usually a. Bell shaped b. Rectangular c. Uniform d. Skewed

A

3.2. The following chloride (mmol/L) results were obtained using a new analyzer: 106 111 104 106 112 110 115 127 83 110 108 109 83 119 105 106 108 114 120 100 107 110 109 102 What is the mean? a. 108 b. 105 c. 109 d. 107

A

3.3. 106 111 104 106 112 110 115 127 83 110 108 109 83 119 105 106 108 114 120 100 107 110 109 102 What is the mean? a. 108.5 b. 105 c. 112 d. 107

A

3.4. For a data value set that is Gaussian distributed, what is the likelihood (%) that a data point will be within ±1 SD from the mean? a. 68% b. 99% c. 95% d. 100%

A

3.5. The correlation coefficient a. Indicates the strength of relationship in a linear regression b. Determines the regression type used to derive the slope and y-intercept c. Is always expressed as "b" d. Expresses method imprecision

A

3.7. Systematic error can best be described as consisting of A. Constant and proportional error B. Constant error C. Proportional error D. Random error E. Syntax error

A

3.8. Examples of typical reference interval data distribution plots include all of the following except a. ROC b. Nonparametric c. Parametric d. Bimodal

A

Reverse-phase liquid chromatography refers to:

A polar mobile phase and nonpolar stationary phase

What is beer's law?

A=Ebc

Diagnostic specificity is the:

Ability of a test to correctly identify absence of a given disease or condition

Interference studies typically use ______ as an interferent.

All: hemolyzed red cells, highly icteric samples, highly lipemic samples

Which electrochemical assay measures current at fixed potential?

Amperometry

To evaluate a moderately complex laboratory test all of the following must be done except:

Analytical sensitivity and specificity

2.4. A fire caused by a flammable liquid should be extinguished using which type of extinguisher? a. Class B b. Halogen c. Pressurized water d. Class C

B

2.8. One liter of 4 N sodium hydroxide (strong base) in a glass 1 L beaker accidentally fell and spilled on the laboratory floor. The first step is to: a. Call 911 b. Alert and evacuate those in the immediate area out of harm's way c. Throw some kitty litter on the spill d. Squirt water on the spill to dilute the chemical e. Neutralize with absorbing materials in a nearby spill kit

B

Which team member is the coach in a Lean Six Sigma project?

Black Belts

Which one of these is a best fit for a Kaizen project (Lean)?

Both band c: Reducing defects of the billing process // Reducing defects of blood wastage

Which of the following techniques has the highest potential sensitivity?

Chemiluminescence

The methodology for a Lean six sigma quality improvement team will include consideration of all of the following factors EXCEPT:

Communicate

Systematic error can best be described as consisting of:

Constant and proportional error

What is the purpose of the chopper in an atomic absorption spectrophotometry?

Correct for the amount of light emitted by the flame

Process Sigma is usually represented by:

DPMO

Which of the following is not an object of proteomics research?

Identify specific gene mutations

For method development studies, which analytical performance test should be done first?

Imprecision studies

Which of the following regarding MS is false?

Mass spectrometers can be used to sequence DNA

Which of the following correctly ranks electromagnetic radiation from low energy to high energy?

Microwaves, infrared, visible, UV, X-rays, gamma, cosmic

Which of the following best describes the process of fluorescence?

Molecules emit a photon at lower energy when excited electrons return to the ground state

Which of the following is not an advantage of CE?

Multiple samples can be assayed simultaneously on one injection

A reference range can be verified by:

Testing as few as 20 normal donor specimens

What are key components of Risk Assessment in IQCP

Testing personnel Environment Reagents Test system Specimens

1.19. True or False? Laboratory liquid-in-glass thermometers should be calibrated against an NIST-certified thermometer.

True

Which of the following is not necessary for obtaining the spectrum of a compound from 190 to 500 nm?

Tungsten light source

1.4. What is the dilution factor for a solution containing 100 g of NaCl made up to 500 mL with distilled water? a. 1:5 or 1/5 b. 5 c. 50 or 1/50 d. 10

a

2.1. Which of the following standards requires that SDSs are accessible to all employees who come in contact with a hazardous compound? a. Hazard Communication Standard b. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard c. CDC Regulations d. Personal Protection Equipment Standard

a

2.2. Chemicals should be stored a. According to their chemical properties and classification b. Alphabetically, for easy accessibility c. Inside a safety cabinet with proper ventilation d. Inside a fume hood, if toxic vapors can be released when opened

a

2.6. What are the major contributing factors to repetitive strain injuries? a. Position/posture, applied force, and frequency of repetition b. Inattention on the part of the laboratorian c. Temperature and vibration d. Fatigue, clumsiness, and lack of coordination

a

Allowable analytical error is:

a combination of random and systemic error

Tandem mass spectrometers:

are 2 mass spectrometers placed in series with each other

Reference interval transference studies:

are used to verify a reference interval

3.6. If two methods agree perfectly in a method comparison study, the slope equals and the y-intercept equals. a. 1.0, 0.0 b. 0.0, 1.0 c. 1.0, 1.0 d. 0.0, 0.0 e. 0.5, 0.5

b

1.21. Which of the following does NOT require calibration in the clinical laboratory? a. Electronic balance b. Liquid-in-glass thermometer c. Centrifuge volumetric flask d. Volumetric flask e. Air-displacement pipette

d

1.22. Which of the following errors is NOT considered a preanalytical error? a. During a phlebotomy procedure, the patient is opening and clenching his fist multiple times. b. The blood was not permitted to clot and spun in a centrifuge after 6 minutes of collection. c. The patient was improperly identified leading to a mislabeled blood sample. d. The serum sample was diluted with tap water. e. During phlebotomy, the EDTA tube was collected prior to the red clot tube.

d

1.16. A new medical technologist was selecting analyte standards to develop a standard curve for a high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure. This analyte must have a 100% purity level and must be suitable for HPLC. Which of the following labels would be most appropriate for this procedure? a. ACS with no impurities listed b. USP c. NF d. CP e. ACS with impurities listed

e

1.18. A patient's serum sample was placed on the chemistry analyzer and the output indicated "out of range" for the measurement of creatine kinase (CK) enzyme. A dilution of the patient serum was required. Which of the following should be used to prepare a dilution of patient serum? a. Deionized water b. Tap water c. Another patient's serum with confirmed, low levels of CK d. Type III water e. Type I water

e

2.9. Of the following, which is NOT reportable to the Department of Labor? a. A laboratorian with a persistent cough that is only triggered at work b. A laboratorian that experienced a chemical burn c. A laboratorian that tripped in the lab and hit her head on the lab bench rendering her unconscious d. A laboratorian that was stuck by a contaminated needle after performing phlebotomy on a patient e. A laboratorian that forgot to wear his lab coat and gloves while diluting patient serum

e

Which of the following light sources is used in atomic absorption spectrophotometry?

Hollow-cathode lamp

What is not a major component of the IQCP?

SDS

For the following series of laboratory values, the vendor has indicated that a true value is 6.0. Series = 5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 5, 3, 8, 5, 9, 5, 4, 5, 6. The SDI (standard deviation index) is

-0.3

Which of the following is false concerning the principles of point-of-care testing devices?

Devices do not require quality control testing

An IQCP replaces what quality control program?

EOC

Which of the following refers to the movement of buffer ions and solvent relative to a fixed support?

Electroendosmosis

Lean addresses which of the following?

Eliminating waste

Comparison of method studies:

Estimate systematic error

Which of the following is true concerning fluorometry?

Fluorescence is an inherently more sensitive technique than absorption

Which is most accurate concerning ISEs?

Gas specific membranes are necessary for oxygen and carbon dioxide electrodes

An ROC includes all of the following except:

Perfect test = an area under the curve <1.0

Which is the most sensitive detector for spectrophotometry?

Photomultiplier

Which of the following procedures is not currently or routinely used for point-of-care testing devices?

Polymerase chain reaction

It is reported that the greatest percentage of laboratory errors occur during the ______ phase.

Preanalytical

Examples of typical reference interval data distribution plots include all of the following except?

ROC